如何按多个键对对象进行排序？

Question

或者，实际上，我如何按多个键对字典列表进行排序？

我有一个字典列表：

b = [{u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Utley, Alex', u'Total_Points': 96.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Russo, Brandon', u'Total_Points': 96.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Chappell, Justin', u'Total_Points': 96.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Foster, Toney', u'Total_Points': 80.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Lawson, Roman', u'Total_Points': 80.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Lempke, Sam', u'Total_Points': 80.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Gnezda, Alex', u'Total_Points': 78.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Kirks, Damien', u'Total_Points': 78.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Worden, Tom', u'Total_Points': 78.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Korecz, Mike', u'Total_Points': 78.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Swartz, Brian', u'Total_Points': 66.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Burgess, Randy', u'Total_Points': 66.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Smugala, Ryan', u'Total_Points': 66.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Harmon, Gary', u'Total_Points': 66.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Blasinsky, Scott', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Carter III, Laymon', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Coleman, Johnathan', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Venditti, Nick', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Blackwell, Devon', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Kovach, Alex', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Bolden, Antonio', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Smith, Ryan', u'Total_Points': 60.0}]

我需要使用由 Total_Points 反转的多键排序，然后不被 TOT_PTS_Misc 反转。

这可以在命令提示符下完成，如下所示：

a = sorted(b, key=lambda d: (-d['Total_Points'], d['TOT_PTS_Misc']))

但我必须通过一个函数来运行它，在该函数中传递列表和排序键。例如，def multikeysort(dict_list, sortkeys):。

对于传入 multikeysort 函数的任意数量的键，如何使用 lambda 行对列表进行排序，并考虑到排序键可能具有任意数量的键以及需要反向排序的键会在它之前用'-'标识吗？

Answer 1

This article 对各种技术进行了很好的总结。如果您的要求比“完全双向多键”更简单，请查看。很明显接受的答案和我刚刚发布的博客文章 引用在某种程度上相互影响，虽然我不知道是哪个顺序。

如果链接失效，这里是上面未涵盖的示例的快速概要：

mylist = sorted(mylist, key=itemgetter('name', 'age'))
mylist = sorted(mylist, key=lambda k: (k['name'].lower(), k['age']))
mylist = sorted(mylist, key=lambda k: (k['name'].lower(), -k['age']))

Answer 2

此答案适用于字典中的任何类型的列——否定的列不必是数字。

def multikeysort(items, columns):
    from operator import itemgetter
    comparers = [((itemgetter(col[1:].strip()), -1) if col.startswith('-') else
                  (itemgetter(col.strip()), 1)) for col in columns]
    def comparer(left, right):
        for fn, mult in comparers:
            result = cmp(fn(left), fn(right))
            if result:
                return mult * result
        else:
            return 0
    return sorted(items, cmp=comparer)

你可以这样称呼它：

b = [{u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Utley, Alex', u'Total_Points': 96.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Russo, Brandon', u'Total_Points': 96.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Chappell, Justin', u'Total_Points': 96.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Foster, Toney', u'Total_Points': 80.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Lawson, Roman', u'Total_Points': 80.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Lempke, Sam', u'Total_Points': 80.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Gnezda, Alex', u'Total_Points': 78.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Kirks, Damien', u'Total_Points': 78.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Worden, Tom', u'Total_Points': 78.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Korecz, Mike', u'Total_Points': 78.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Swartz, Brian', u'Total_Points': 66.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Burgess, Randy', u'Total_Points': 66.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Smugala, Ryan', u'Total_Points': 66.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Harmon, Gary', u'Total_Points': 66.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Blasinsky, Scott', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Carter III, Laymon', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Coleman, Johnathan', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Venditti, Nick', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Blackwell, Devon', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Kovach, Alex', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Bolden, Antonio', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Smith, Ryan', u'Total_Points': 60.0}]

a = multikeysort(b, ['-Total_Points', 'TOT_PTS_Misc'])
for item in a:
    print item

尝试否定任一列。您将看到排序顺序相反。

下一步：更改它，使其不使用额外的类......

---

2016-01-17

从这个答案What is the best way to get the first item from an iterable matching a condition? 中获得灵感，我缩短了代码：

from operator import itemgetter as i

def multikeysort(items, columns):
    comparers = [
        ((i(col[1:].strip()), -1) if col.startswith('-') else (i(col.strip()), 1))
        for col in columns
    ]
    def comparer(left, right):
        comparer_iter = (
            cmp(fn(left), fn(right)) * mult
            for fn, mult in comparers
        )
        return next((result for result in comparer_iter if result), 0)
    return sorted(items, cmp=comparer)

如果您喜欢简洁的代码。

---

稍后 2016-01-17

这适用于 python3（消除了 sort 的 cmp 参数）：

from operator import itemgetter as i
from functools import cmp_to_key

def cmp(x, y):
    """
    Replacement for built-in function cmp that was removed in Python 3

    Compare the two objects x and y and return an integer according to
    the outcome. The return value is negative if x < y, zero if x == y
    and strictly positive if x > y.

    https://portingguide.readthedocs.io/en/latest/comparisons.html#the-cmp-function
    """

    return (x > y) - (x < y)

def multikeysort(items, columns):
    comparers = [
        ((i(col[1:].strip()), -1) if col.startswith('-') else (i(col.strip()), 1))
        for col in columns
    ]
    def comparer(left, right):
        comparer_iter = (
            cmp(fn(left), fn(right)) * mult
            for fn, mult in comparers
        )
        return next((result for result in comparer_iter if result), 0)
    return sorted(items, key=cmp_to_key(comparer))

受此答案的启发 How should I do custom sort in Python 3?

Answer 3

我知道这是一个相当老的问题，但没有一个答案提到 Python 保证其排序例程的稳定排序顺序，例如 list.sort() 和 sorted()，这意味着比较相等的项目保留其原始顺序。

这意味着字典列表相当于ORDER BY name ASC, age DESC（使用SQL 表示法）可以这样完成：

items.sort(key=operator.itemgetter('age'), reverse=True)
items.sort(key=operator.itemgetter('name'))

注意项目如何首先按“较小”属性age（降序）排序，然后按“主要”属性name 排序，从而得出正确的最终顺序。

反转/反转适用于所有可排序的类型，而不仅仅是您可以通过在前面加上减号来否定的数字。

由于（至少）CPython 中使用了 Timsort 算法，这实际上在实践中相当快。

Answer 4

def sortkeypicker(keynames):
    negate = set()
    for i, k in enumerate(keynames):
        if k[:1] == '-':
            keynames[i] = k[1:]
            negate.add(k[1:])
    def getit(adict):
       composite = [adict[k] for k in keynames]
       for i, (k, v) in enumerate(zip(keynames, composite)):
           if k in negate:
               composite[i] = -v
       return composite
    return getit

a = sorted(b, key=sortkeypicker(['-Total_Points', 'TOT_PTS_Misc']))

Answer 5

我今天遇到了类似的问题 - 我必须按数字值降序和字符串值升序对字典项进行排序。为了解决方向冲突的问题，我否定了整数值。

这是我的解决方案的一个变体 - 适用于 OP

sorted(b, key=lambda e: (-e['Total_Points'], e['TOT_PTS_Misc']))

非常简单 - 就像魅力一样工作

[{'TOT_PTS_Misc': 'Chappell, Justin', 'Total_Points': 96.0},
 {'TOT_PTS_Misc': 'Russo, Brandon', 'Total_Points': 96.0},
 {'TOT_PTS_Misc': 'Utley, Alex', 'Total_Points': 96.0},
 {'TOT_PTS_Misc': 'Foster, Toney', 'Total_Points': 80.0},
 {'TOT_PTS_Misc': 'Lawson, Roman', 'Total_Points': 80.0},
 {'TOT_PTS_Misc': 'Lempke, Sam', 'Total_Points': 80.0},
 {'TOT_PTS_Misc': 'Gnezda, Alex', 'Total_Points': 78.0},
 {'TOT_PTS_Misc': 'Kirks, Damien', 'Total_Points': 78.0},
 {'TOT_PTS_Misc': 'Korecz, Mike', 'Total_Points': 78.0},
 {'TOT_PTS_Misc': 'Worden, Tom', 'Total_Points': 78.0},
 {'TOT_PTS_Misc': 'Burgess, Randy', 'Total_Points': 66.0},
 {'TOT_PTS_Misc': 'Harmon, Gary', 'Total_Points': 66.0},
 {'TOT_PTS_Misc': 'Smugala, Ryan', 'Total_Points': 66.0},
 {'TOT_PTS_Misc': 'Swartz, Brian', 'Total_Points': 66.0},
 {'TOT_PTS_Misc': 'Blackwell, Devon', 'Total_Points': 60.0},
 {'TOT_PTS_Misc': 'Blasinsky, Scott', 'Total_Points': 60.0},
 {'TOT_PTS_Misc': 'Bolden, Antonio', 'Total_Points': 60.0},
 {'TOT_PTS_Misc': 'Carter III, Laymon', 'Total_Points': 60.0},
 {'TOT_PTS_Misc': 'Coleman, Johnathan', 'Total_Points': 60.0},
 {'TOT_PTS_Misc': 'Kovach, Alex', 'Total_Points': 60.0},
 {'TOT_PTS_Misc': 'Smith, Ryan', 'Total_Points': 60.0},
 {'TOT_PTS_Misc': 'Venditti, Nick', 'Total_Points': 60.0}]

Answer 6

我使用以下方法对多列上的二维数组进行排序

def k(a,b):
    def _k(item):
        return (item[a],item[b])
    return _k

这可以扩展到处理任意数量的项目。我倾向于认为找到更好的可排序键访问模式比编写花哨的比较器更好。

>>> data = [[0,1,2,3,4],[0,2,3,4,5],[1,0,2,3,4]]
>>> sorted(data, key=k(0,1))
[[0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [0, 2, 3, 4, 5], [1, 0, 2, 3, 4]]
>>> sorted(data, key=k(1,0))
[[1, 0, 2, 3, 4], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [0, 2, 3, 4, 5]]
>>> sorted(a, key=k(2,0))
[[0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 0, 2, 3, 4], [0, 2, 3, 4, 5]]

Answer 7

from operator import itemgetter
from functools import partial

def _neg_itemgetter(key, d):
    return -d[key]

def key_getter(key_expr):
    keys = key_expr.split(",")
    getters = []
    for k in keys:
        k = k.strip()
        if k.startswith("-"):
           getters.append(partial(_neg_itemgetter, k[1:]))
        else:
           getters.append(itemgetter(k))

    def keyfunc(dct):
        return [kg(dct) for kg in getters]

    return keyfunc

def multikeysort(dict_list, sortkeys):
    return sorted(dict_list, key = key_getter(sortkeys)

演示：

>>> multikeysort([{u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Utley, Alex', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
                 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Russo, Brandon', u'Total_Points': 96.0}, 
                 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Chappell, Justin', u'Total_Points': 96.0}],
                "-Total_Points,TOT_PTS_Misc")
[{u'Total_Points': 96.0, u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Chappell, Justin'}, 
 {u'Total_Points': 96.0, u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Russo, Brandon'}, 
 {u'Total_Points': 60.0, u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Utley, Alex'}]

解析有点脆弱，但至少它允许键之间有可变数量的空格。

Answer 8

既然您已经习惯了 lambda，这里有一个不太冗长的解决方案。

>>> def itemgetter(*names):
    return lambda mapping: tuple(-mapping[name[1:]] if name.startswith('-') else mapping[name] for name in names)

>>> itemgetter('a', '-b')({'a': 1, 'b': 2})
(1, -2)