InvalidOperationException：无法解析范围服务'Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.UserManager .NET Core 2.0

Question

从 .NET Core 1.1 升级后遇到此错误

InvalidOperationException：无法解析范围服务 'Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.UserManager`1[Project1.Models.ApplicationUser]' 来自根提供商。 Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteValidator.ValidateResolution（类型 serviceType, ServiceProvider serviceProvider)

Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteValidator.ValidateResolution（类型 服务类型，服务提供者服务提供者） Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.GetService（类型 服务类型） Microsoft.Extensions.Internal.ActivatorUtilities+ConstructorMatcher.CreateInstance(IServiceProvider 提供者） Microsoft.Extensions.Internal.ActivatorUtilities.CreateInstance（IServiceProvider 提供者，类型 instanceType，Object[] 参数） Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder.UseMiddlewareExtensions+c__DisplayClass4_0.b__0(RequestDelegate 下一个）Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder.Internal.ApplicationBuilder.Build() Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.BuildApplication()

Startup.cs

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) {

services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options => options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("connstring")));

            services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, IdentityRole>(o => {
                // configure identity options
                o.Password.RequireDigit = false;
                o.Password.RequireLowercase = false;
                o.Password.RequireUppercase = false;
                o.Password.RequireNonAlphanumeric = false;
                o.Password.RequiredLength = 6;
            })


  public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory) {
            app.UseAuthentication();
        app.UseForwardedHeaders(new ForwardedHeadersOptions
        {
            ForwardedHeaders = ForwardedHeaders.XForwardedFor | ForwardedHeaders.XForwardedProto
        });

        var rewriteOptions = new RewriteOptions().AddRedirectToHttps();
        app.UseRewriter(rewriteOptions);

Program.cs

public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var host = BuildWebHost(args);

            host.Run();
        }

        public static IWebHost BuildWebHost(string[] args) =>
        WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
            .UseKestrel()
            .UseContentRoot(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
            .UseIISIntegration()
             .UseSetting("detailedErrors", "true")
             .UseStartup<Startup>()
            .Build();
    }

ApplicationDBContext

public class ApplicationDbContext : IdentityDbContext<ApplicationUser> {
        public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions<ApplicationDbContext> options)
            : base(options) {
        }


        public DbSet<UserDevice> UserDevices { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Advertisement> Advertisements { get; set; }


        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder) {
            base.OnModelCreating(builder);

            builder.Entity<UserDevice>().HasKey(x => new { x.Id, x.DeviceId }); // configure composite key
        }


    }

Answer 1

我刚刚将我的应用程序从 .NET Core 1.x 升级到 2.x，关于如何从 .NET Core 1.x 迁移到 2.x 有一个非常 detailed documentation from Microsoft。您需要按照说明进行操作，并确保执行适用于您项目的每个步骤。

例如，我可以看出您的Program.cs 与2.X 模板创建的不同。

public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        BuildWebHost(args).Run();
    }

    public static IWebHost BuildWebHost(string[] args) =>

        // You don't need .UseKestrel() and others as they're from 1.X.
        // .CreateDefaultBuilder() already includes them.

        WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
            .UseStartup<Startup>()
            .Build();
}

由于您还没有发布ApplicationUser 的代码，我只能发布我的代码。由于我需要将主键从默认字符串更改为 GUID，因此我需要为应用程序用户和角色创建自定义类。

public class AppUser : IdentityUser<Guid>
{
    [Required]
    public string FirstName { get; set; }

    [Required]
    public string LastName { get; set; }

    public string DisplayName => $"{ this.FirstName } { this.LastName }";
}

public class AppRole : IdentityRole<Guid>
{
}

那么你需要从AppUser、AppRole和GUID主键的IdentityDbContext继承。

public class AppIdentityDbContext : IdentityDbContext<AppUser, AppRole, Guid>
{
    public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions<ApplicationDbContext> options)
        : base(options)
    {
    }

    protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder)
    {
        base.OnModelCreating(builder);

        builder.Entity<AppUser>().ToTable("User");
        builder.Entity<AppRole>().ToTable("Role");

        builder.Entity<IdentityUserRole<Guid>>().ToTable("UserRole");
        builder.Entity<IdentityUserClaim<Guid>>().ToTable("UserClaim");
        builder.Entity<IdentityRoleClaim<Guid>>().ToTable("RoleClaim");
        builder.Entity<IdentityUserLogin<Guid>>().ToTable("UserLogin");
        builder.Entity<IdentityUserToken<Guid>>().ToTable("UserToken");
    }
}

在ConfigureServices 调用中，您缺少.AddEntityFrameworkStores() 和.AddDefaultTokenProviders()。

services.AddIdentity<AppUser, AppRole>(o => {
    // configure identity options
    o.Password.RequireDigit = false;
    o.Password.RequireLowercase = false;
    o.Password.RequireUppercase = false;
    o.Password.RequireNonAlphanumeric = false;
    o.Password.RequiredLength = 6;
})
.AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
// Components that generate the confirm email and reset password tokens
.AddDefaultTokenProviders();