pip 无法正确安装软件包：权限被拒绝错误 [重复]

【问题标题】：pip is not able to install packages correctly: Permission denied error [duplicate]pip 无法正确安装软件包：权限被拒绝错误 [重复]
【发布时间】：2014-11-07 03:04:05
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试安装 lxml 以在我的 Mac (v 10.9.4) 上安装 scrapy

╭─ishaantaylor@Ishaans-MacBook-Pro.local ~
╰─➤  pip install lxml
Downloading/unpacking lxml
  Downloading lxml-3.4.0.tar.gz (3.5MB): 3.5MB downloaded
  Running setup.py (path:/private/var/folders/8l/t7tcq67d34v7qq_4hp3s1dm80000gn/T/pip_build_ishaantaylor/lxml/setup.py) egg_info for package lxml
    /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'bugtrack_url'
      warnings.warn(msg)
    Building lxml version 3.4.0.
    Building without Cython.
    Using build configuration of libxslt 1.1.28

    warning: no previously-included files found matching '*.py'
Installing collected packages: lxml
  Running setup.py install for lxml
    /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'bugtrack_url'
      warnings.warn(msg)
    Building lxml version 3.4.0.
    Building without Cython.
    Using build configuration of libxslt 1.1.28
    building 'lxml.etree' extension
    cc -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -arch x86_64 -arch i386 -g -Os -pipe -fno-common -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -DENABLE_DTRACE -DMACOSX -DNDEBUG -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wshorten-64-to-32 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -Os -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -DENABLE_DTRACE -arch x86_64 -arch i386 -pipe -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I/private/var/folders/8l/t7tcq67d34v7qq_4hp3s1dm80000gn/T/pip_build_ishaantaylor/lxml/src/lxml/includes -I/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/include/python2.7 -c src/lxml/lxml.etree.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/src/lxml/lxml.etree.o -w -flat_namespace
    cc -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -arch x86_64 -arch i386 -Wl,-F. build/temp.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/src/lxml/lxml.etree.o -lxslt -lexslt -lxml2 -lz -lm -o build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/etree.so
    building 'lxml.objectify' extension
    cc -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -arch x86_64 -arch i386 -g -Os -pipe -fno-common -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -DENABLE_DTRACE -DMACOSX -DNDEBUG -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wshorten-64-to-32 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -Os -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -DENABLE_DTRACE -arch x86_64 -arch i386 -pipe -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I/private/var/folders/8l/t7tcq67d34v7qq_4hp3s1dm80000gn/T/pip_build_ishaantaylor/lxml/src/lxml/includes -I/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/include/python2.7 -c src/lxml/lxml.objectify.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/src/lxml/lxml.objectify.o -w -flat_namespace
    cc -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -arch x86_64 -arch i386 -Wl,-F. build/temp.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/src/lxml/lxml.objectify.o -lxslt -lexslt -lxml2 -lz -lm -o build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/objectify.so
    error: could not create '/lib/python2.7/site-packages/lxml': Permission denied
    Complete output from command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/private/var/folders/8l/t7tcq67d34v7qq_4hp3s1dm80000gn/T/pip_build_ishaantaylor/lxml/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /var/folders/8l/t7tcq67d34v7qq_4hp3s1dm80000gn/T/pip-_xm20j-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'bugtrack_url'

  warnings.warn(msg)

Building lxml version 3.4.0.

Building without Cython.

Using build configuration of libxslt 1.1.28

running install

running build

running build_py

creating build

creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7

creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml

copying src/lxml/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml

copying src/lxml/_elementpath.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml

copying src/lxml/builder.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml

copying src/lxml/cssselect.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml

copying src/lxml/doctestcompare.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml

copying src/lxml/ElementInclude.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml

copying src/lxml/pyclasslookup.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml

copying src/lxml/sax.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml

copying src/lxml/usedoctest.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml

creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/includes

creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/_diffcommand.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/_html5builder.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/_setmixin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/builder.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/clean.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/defs.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/diff.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/ElementSoup.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/formfill.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/html5parser.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/soupparser.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/usedoctest.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/html

creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/isoschematron

copying src/lxml/isoschematron/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/isoschematron

copying src/lxml/lxml.etree.h -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml

copying src/lxml/lxml.etree_api.h -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml

copying src/lxml/includes/c14n.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/config.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/dtdvalid.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/etreepublic.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/htmlparser.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/relaxng.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/schematron.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/tree.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/uri.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/xinclude.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/xmlerror.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/xmlparser.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/xmlschema.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/xpath.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/xslt.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/etree_defs.h -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/lxml-version.h -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/includes

creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources

creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/rng

copying src/lxml/isoschematron/resources/rng/iso-schematron.rng -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/rng

creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl

copying src/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/RNG2Schtrn.xsl -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl

copying src/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/XSD2Schtrn.xsl -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl

creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1/iso_abstract_expand.xsl -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1/iso_dsdl_include.xsl -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1/iso_schematron_message.xsl -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1/iso_schematron_skeleton_for_xslt1.xsl -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1/iso_svrl_for_xslt1.xsl -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1/readme.txt -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1

running build_ext

building 'lxml.etree' extension

creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7

creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/src

creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/src/lxml

cc -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -arch x86_64 -arch i386 -g -Os -pipe -fno-common -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -DENABLE_DTRACE -DMACOSX -DNDEBUG -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wshorten-64-to-32 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -Os -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -DENABLE_DTRACE -arch x86_64 -arch i386 -pipe -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I/private/var/folders/8l/t7tcq67d34v7qq_4hp3s1dm80000gn/T/pip_build_ishaantaylor/lxml/src/lxml/includes -I/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/include/python2.7 -c src/lxml/lxml.etree.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/src/lxml/lxml.etree.o -w -flat_namespace

cc -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -arch x86_64 -arch i386 -Wl,-F. build/temp.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/src/lxml/lxml.etree.o -lxslt -lexslt -lxml2 -lz -lm -o build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/etree.so

building 'lxml.objectify' extension

cc -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -arch x86_64 -arch i386 -g -Os -pipe -fno-common -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -DENABLE_DTRACE -DMACOSX -DNDEBUG -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wshorten-64-to-32 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -Os -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -DENABLE_DTRACE -arch x86_64 -arch i386 -pipe -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I/private/var/folders/8l/t7tcq67d34v7qq_4hp3s1dm80000gn/T/pip_build_ishaantaylor/lxml/src/lxml/includes -I/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/include/python2.7 -c src/lxml/lxml.objectify.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/src/lxml/lxml.objectify.o -w -flat_namespace

cc -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -arch x86_64 -arch i386 -Wl,-F. build/temp.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/src/lxml/lxml.objectify.o -lxslt -lexslt -lxml2 -lz -lm -o build/lib.macosx-10.9-intel-2.7/lxml/objectify.so

running install_lib

creating /lib/python2.7/site-packages/lxml

error: could not create '/lib/python2.7/site-packages/lxml': Permission denied

----------------------------------------
Cleaning up...
Command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/private/var/folders/8l/t7tcq67d34v7qq_4hp3s1dm80000gn/T/pip_build_ishaantaylor/lxml/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /var/folders/8l/t7tcq67d34v7qq_4hp3s1dm80000gn/T/pip-_xm20j-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile failed with error code 1 in /private/var/folders/8l/t7tcq67d34v7qq_4hp3s1dm80000gn/T/pip_build_ishaantaylor/lxml
Storing debug log for failure in /Users/ishaantaylor/Library/Logs/pip.log

如果有人可以帮助我，我将不胜感激！我怀疑这个问题与 python 的多个版本有关，但我不确定如何检查或修复它。

编辑 1： 当我尝试sudo pip install lxml:

╭─ishaantaylor@Ishaans-MacBook-Pro.local ~
╰─➤  sudo pip install lxml
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/bin/pip", line 7, in <module>
    from pip import main
ImportError: No module named pip

编辑 2： 当我尝试STATIC_DEPS=true sudo pip install lxml

╭─ishaantaylor@Ishaans-MacBook-Pro.local ~
╰─➤  STATIC_DEPS=true sudo pip install lxml
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/bin/pip", line 7, in <module>
    from pip import main
ImportError: No module named pip

另外，我尝试使用 pip 安装另一个软件包，但也没有用.. 见下文：

╭─ishaantaylor@Ishaans-MacBook-Pro.local /lib/python2.7/site-packages
╰─➤  pip install requests
Downloading/unpacking requests
  Downloading requests-2.4.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (458kB): 458kB downloaded
Installing collected packages: requests
Cleaning up...
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 122, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line 283, in run
    requirement_set.install(install_options, global_options, root=options.root_path)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py", line 1435, in install
    requirement.install(install_options, global_options, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py", line 671, in install
    self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py", line 901, in move_wheel_files
    pycompile=self.pycompile,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/wheel.py", line 215, in move_wheel_files
    clobber(source, lib_dir, True)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/wheel.py", line 205, in clobber
    os.makedirs(destdir)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/os.py", line 157, in makedirs
    mkdir(name, mode)
OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests'
Storing debug log for failure in /Users/ishaantaylor/Library/Logs/pip.log

编辑 4： 尝试下载 virtualenv，人们推荐它作为 sudo 的替代品。结果如下：

╭─ishaantaylor@Ishaans-MacBook-Pro.local ~
╰─➤  pip install virtualenv                                                               127 ↵
Downloading/unpacking virtualenv
  Downloading virtualenv-1.11.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.6MB): 1.6MB downloaded
Installing collected packages: virtualenv
Cleaning up...
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 122, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line 283, in run
    requirement_set.install(install_options, global_options, root=options.root_path)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py", line 1435, in install
    requirement.install(install_options, global_options, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py", line 671, in install
    self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py", line 901, in move_wheel_files
    pycompile=self.pycompile,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/wheel.py", line 215, in move_wheel_files
    clobber(source, lib_dir, True)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/wheel.py", line 209, in clobber
    shutil.copy2(srcfile, destfile)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 130, in copy2
    copyfile(src, dst)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 83, in copyfile
    with open(dst, 'wb') as fdst:
IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv.py'

Storing debug log for failure in /Users/ishaantaylor/Library/Logs/pip.log

编辑 5：

╭─ishaantaylor@Ishaans-MacBook-Pro.local ~
╰─➤  sudo pip install virtualenv                                                            1 ↵
Password:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/bin/pip", line 7, in <module>
    from pip import main
ImportError: No module named pip
╭─ishaantaylor@Ishaans-MacBook-Pro.local ~
╰─➤  pip install virtualenv                                                                 1 ↵
Downloading/unpacking virtualenv
  Downloading virtualenv-1.11.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.6MB): 1.6MB downloaded
Installing collected packages: virtualenv
Cleaning up...
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 122, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line 283, in run
    requirement_set.install(install_options, global_options, root=options.root_path)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py", line 1435, in install
    requirement.install(install_options, global_options, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py", line 671, in install
    self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py", line 901, in move_wheel_files
    pycompile=self.pycompile,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/wheel.py", line 215, in move_wheel_files
    clobber(source, lib_dir, True)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg/pip/wheel.py", line 209, in clobber
    shutil.copy2(srcfile, destfile)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 130, in copy2
    copyfile(src, dst)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 83, in copyfile
    with open(dst, 'wb') as fdst:
IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv.py'

Storing debug log for failure in /Users/ishaantaylor/Library/Logs/pip.log

编辑 6： 回应 hd1：

╭─ishaantaylor@Ishaans-MacBook-Pro.local ~
╰─➤  curl -kLso /tmp/get-pip.py https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
╭─ishaantaylor@Ishaans-MacBook-Pro.local ~
╰─➤  sudo python get-pip.py
python: can't open file 'get-pip.py': [Errno 2] No such file or directory

编辑 7： 回应 hd1：

╭─ishaantaylor@Ishaans-MacBook-Pro.local /
╰─➤  curl -kLso /tmp/get-pip.py https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
╭─ishaantaylor@Ishaans-MacBook-Pro.local /
╰─➤  cd ~
╭─ishaantaylor@Ishaans-MacBook-Pro.local ~
╰─➤  sudo python /tmp/get-pip.py
Requirement already up-to-date: pip in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg
Cleaning up...
╭─ishaantaylor@Ishaans-MacBook-Pro.local ~
╰─➤  sudo pip install virtualenv
Downloading/unpacking virtualenv
  Downloading virtualenv-1.11.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.6MB): 1.6MB downloaded
Installing collected packages: virtualenv
Successfully installed virtualenv
Cleaning up...
╭─ishaantaylor@Ishaans-MacBook-Pro.local ~
╰─➤  mkdir -p ~/.virtualenvs
╭─ishaantaylor@Ishaans-MacBook-Pro.local ~
╰─➤  virtualenv ~/.virtualenvs/lxmltest
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/bin/virtualenv", line 7, in <module>
    from virtualenv import main
ImportError: No module named virtualenv
╭─ishaantaylor@Ishaans-MacBook-Pro.local ~
╰─➤  which virtualenv                                                       1 ↵
/bin/virtualenv
╭─ishaantaylor@Ishaans-MacBook-Pro.local ~
╰─➤ echo -e ${PATH//:/\\n}
/usr/local/bin
/usr/bin
/bin
/usr/sbin
/sbin
/opt/X11/bin

【问题讨论】：

  • 答案是这样做：STATIC_DEPS=true pip install lxml。没有 sudo！
  • 当您编辑问题时，无需包含“edit”或“update”之类的文本 - 编辑历史记录功能已经涵盖这 99% 的时间。
  • @Flexo 我会记住这一点！感谢您的输入
  • 您尝试安装到 /System/Library/… 的事实意味着您正在使用为 Apple 的 Python 安装的 pip，它通常以 /usr/local/bin/pip 结尾，但它可能在其他任何地方在你的路径上； which pip 会告诉你。同时，sudo pip 表示未找到pip 的事实意味着pip 所在的任何路径都不是超级用户PATH 的一部分，只有您自己的PATH。你可以尝试解决这个问题，或者你可以直接sudo /path/to/pip install lxml。
  • @abarnert 我使用brew install python 安装 pip + 另一个 python（共 2 个：默认苹果 python 和自制 python），当我运行 which -a pip 时，我只得到/usr/local/bin/pip。这真的是默认苹果pip吗？我认为自制软件使用/usr/local/ 目录

标签： python macos pip lxml


【解决方案1】：

根据您输出中的以下消息：error: could not create '/lib/python2.7/site-packages/lxml': Permission denied，您似乎遇到了权限错误。

您可以尝试的一件事是使用pip install lxml --user 对包进行user install。有关其工作原理的更多信息，请查看this StackOverflow answer。 （感谢 Ishaan Taylor 的建议）

您也可以使用sudo pip install lxml 以超级用户身份运行pip install，但这通常不是一个好主意，因为它可能会导致您的系统级软件包出现问题。

【讨论】：

  • 在原帖的编辑处添加了结果或sudo pip install lxml。
  • 您没有运行 sudo pip install lxml。您刚刚再次运行 pip install lxml
  • @NicholasYoung 我相信我跑了sudo pip install lxml
  • pip install &lt;libname&gt; --user 工作！
  • pip install 文档中的@SteveBennett：安装到您平台的 Python 用户安装目录。通常是 ~/.local/，或 Windows 上的 %APPDATA%Python。 （有关详细信息，请参阅 site.USER_BASE 的 Python 文档。）
【解决方案2】：

设置virtualenv：

% curl -kLso /tmp/get-pip.py https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py 
% sudo python /tmp/get-pip.py

这些命令将 pip 安装到全局站点包目录中。

% sudo pip install virtualenv

virtualenv 也是如此：

% mkdir -p ~/.virtualenvs

我喜欢我的主目录中的一棵树下的 virtualenvs，名为 .virtualenvs

% virtualenv ~/.virtualenvs/lxmltest

创建一个虚拟环境。

% . ~/.virtualenvs/lxmltest/bin/activate

无需在此 virtualenv 中指定 pip/python 的完整路径。

% pip install lxml

如果您选择不执行上一步，也可以执行~/.virtualenvs/lxmltest/bin/pip install lxml。请注意，我不确定您已经走了多远，因此可以安全地跳过其中一些步骤。当然，如果你搞砸了，你可以随时 rm -Rf ~/.virtualenvs/lxmltest 并从新的 virtualenv 重新开始。

【讨论】：

  • 尝试用pip下载virtualenv，结果在Edit 4中。谢谢
  • 试试sudo virtualenv lxmltest
  • 您需要sudo pip install virtualenv，然后该命令将按上述方式运行。
  • @KevinLondon 请参阅有关尝试安装 virtualenv 的已编辑帖子
  • @hd1 请看我编辑的帖子 - 尝试安装 virtualenv，没有用
【解决方案3】：

在 Mac 上，您需要使用以下命令：

STATIC_DEPS=true sudo pip install lxml

【讨论】：

  • 试过了 - 请查看上面编辑 2 中的结果。
  • 这对我有用，但我担心需要 sudo 意味着某些设置不正确
  • @samaspin 除非您将软件包安装到您的用户主结构中，否则您将始终需要提升的权限才能安装到系统文件夹中，例如 /usr/local/*。能够在不进行身份验证的情况下安装到系统文件夹中本身就表明某些设置不正确。要求对提升的权限进行身份验证是系统安全的重要组成部分。
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