无法将模型从 django 迁移到 sql server

Question

我正在尝试学习 django，必须使用 sql server 作为数据库，无法使用 manage.py migrate 迁移模型

我正在使用 django 2.1.8 数据库 蟒蛇3.7.3 我尝试重新安装 django、python 甚至 sql server，但都没有解决问题。

在运行 py manage.py migrate 时，我收到以下错误

    py manage.py migrate
    Operations to perform:

    Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions, testApp
    Running migrations:

    Applying contenttypes.0001_initial...Traceback (most recent call last):

    File "C:\Users\Hamza\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 85, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)

    File "C:\Users\Hamza\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\sql_server\pyodbc\base.py", line 546, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)

    pyodbc.ProgrammingError: ('42S02', '[42S02] [Microsoft][ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server][SQL Server]Cannot find the object "django_content_type" because it does not exist or you do not have permissions. (4902) (SQLExecDirectW)')

    The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 15, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)

 File "C:\Users\Hamza\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()

File "C:\Users\Hamza\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 375, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)

File "C:\Users\Hamza\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 316, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)

File "C:\Users\Hamza\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 353, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)

File "C:\Users\Hamza\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 83, in wrapped
res = handle_func(*args, **kwargs)

File "C:\Users\Hamza\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\migrate.py", line 203, in handle
fake_initial=fake_initial,

File "C:\Users\Hamza\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\executor.py", line 117, in migrate
state = self._migrate_all_forwards(state, plan, full_plan, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)

File "C:\Users\Hamza\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\executor.py", line 147, in _migrate_all_forwards
state = self.apply_migration(state, migration, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)

File "C:\Users\Hamza\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\executor.py", line 244, in apply_migration
state = migration.apply(state, schema_editor)

File "C:\Users\Hamza\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\migration.py", line 124, in apply
operation.database_forwards(self.app_label, schema_editor, old_state, project_state)

File "C:\Users\Hamza\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\operations\models.py", line 514, in database_forwards
getattr(new_model._meta, self.option_name, set()),

File "C:\Users\Hamza\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\schema.py", line 360, in alter_unique_together
self.execute(self._create_unique_sql(model, columns))

File "C:\Users\Hamza\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\sql_server\pyodbc\schema.py", line 653, in execute
cursor.execute(sql, params)

File "C:\Users\Hamza\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 100, in execute
return super().execute(sql, params)

File "C:\Users\Hamza\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 68, in execute
return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)

File "C:\Users\Hamza\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 77, in _execute_with_wrappers
return executor(sql, params, many, context)

File "C:\Users\Hamza\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 85, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)

File "C:\Users\Hamza\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 89, in __exit__
raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value

File "C:\Users\Hamza\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 85, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)

File "C:\Users\Hamza\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\sql_server\pyodbc\base.py", line 546, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
django.db.utils.ProgrammingError: ('42S02', '[42S02] [Microsoft][ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server][SQL Server]Cannot find the object "django_content_type" because it does not exist or you do not have permissions. (4902) (SQLExecDirectW)')

我希望它能够迁移，但它给了我这个错误。

Answer 1

可能是一个不同的问题，但我遇到了同样的错误。在我的情况下，我已经运行python manage.py migrate --fake（每个其他 SO 线程）来修复我之前遇到的错误，并且 django 在没有实际创建表的情况下记录了迁移。当我再次运行它时，它假定我正在修改一个不存在的表。

我最终通过以下方式解决了这个问题：

1. 在 SQL Server 中手动创建包含所有正确字段的表
2. 注释掉models.py中各处的型号代码
3. python manage.py makemigrations 删除注册表中的假表
4. python manage.py migrate 删除我刚刚创建的手动表并更新迁移注册表
5. 然后将表格重新添加到我的models.py
6. 然后重新运行python manage.py makemigrations
7. python manage.py migrate 将 django 与 SQL server 同步