【发布时间】:2019-11-17 01:52:31
【问题描述】:
我目前正在为销售点活动构建一个库存管理应用程序。在这里,我需要包含一个具有 3 个表的数据库功能:item、invoice 和 cart。根据 Android 官方文档 (https://developer.android.com/training/data-storage/sqlite),强烈建议使用 Room 库,因为没有它的缺点:没有编译时验证,大量样板代码。有了这个,我决定试一试。
首先,我开始使用一张表测试 Room 实现。为了定义 item,我创建了 3 个对象:Item 类、ItemDao 接口和 POSDatabase 类。结果,所有查询都成功运行。
但是,当我尝试引入另一个实体 invoice 时,它会在 Make 期间在 Run build 和 Java 编译器 上产生错误。我尝试按照 Suslov (https://medium.com/@kirillsuslov/how-to-add-more-that-one-entity-in-room-5cc3743219c0) 的建议迁移数据库来解决这个问题。尽管进行了编辑,但仍会产生类似的错误。
最后,我想知道使用 Room 定义多个表的正确方法是什么。但是,除此之外,我还需要一些关于错误的启示。感谢您的关注。
尝试的解决方法
根据 Suslov 的说法,需要迁移才能将其他表引入数据库。消息来源还提到,迁移的定义要放在 RoomDatabase 继承者(POSDatabase)中。
static final Migration MIGRATION_1_2 = new Migration(1, 2) {
@Override
public void migrate(SupportSQLiteDatabase database) {
database.execSQL("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `invoice` (`invoice_id` VARCHAR, "
+ "`terminal_no` VARCHAR NOT NULL, `cashier_name` TEXT, PRIMARY KEY(`invoice_id`))");
}
};
MIGRATION_1_2 然后包含在调用过程中:
Room.databaseBuilder(context.getApplicationContext(),
POSDatabase.class,
"pos_database").addMigrations(MIGRATION_1_2).build();
Item.java
package com.example.qrreceipt;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.room.ColumnInfo;
import androidx.room.Entity;
import androidx.room.PrimaryKey;
@Entity(tableName = "item")
public class Item {
@PrimaryKey
@NonNull
@ColumnInfo(name = "item_id")
private String item_id;
@ColumnInfo(name = "description")
private String description;
@ColumnInfo(name = "price")
private double price;
public Item() { }
@NonNull
public String getItem_id() {
return item_id;
}
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setItem_id(@NonNull String item_id) {
this.item_id = item_id;
}
public void setDescription(String description) {
this.description = description;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
}
ItemDao.java
package com.example.qrreceipt;
import androidx.room.Dao;
import androidx.room.Insert;
import androidx.room.Query;
import androidx.room.Update;
import java.util.List;
@Dao
public interface ItemDao {
@Insert
void insertItem(Item item);
@Update
void updateItem(Item item);
@Query("SELECT * FROM item WHERE item_id = :item_id")
List<Item> findItem(String item_id);
@Query("SELECT * FROM item")
List<Item> getAllItems();
@Query("DELETE FROM item WHERE item_id = :item_id")
void deleteItem(String item_id);
}
POSDatabase.java
package com.example.qrreceipt;
import android.content.Context;
import androidx.room.Database;
import androidx.room.Room;
import androidx.room.RoomDatabase;
import androidx.room.migration.Migration;
import androidx.sqlite.db.SupportSQLiteDatabase;
@Database(entities = {Item.class, Invoice.class}, version = 2, exportSchema = false)
public abstract class POSDatabase extends RoomDatabase {
public abstract ItemDao getItemDAO();
public abstract InvoiceDao getInvoiceDAO();
private static POSDatabase INSTANCE;
static final Migration MIGRATION_1_2 = new Migration(1, 2) {
@Override
public void migrate(SupportSQLiteDatabase database) {
database.execSQL("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `invoice` (`invoice_id` VARCHAR, "
+ "`terminal_no` VARCHAR NOT NULL, `cashier_name` TEXT, PRIMARY KEY(`invoice_id`))");
}
};
static POSDatabase getDatabase(final Context context) {
if (INSTANCE == null) {
synchronized (POSDatabase.class) {
if (INSTANCE == null) {
INSTANCE =
Room.databaseBuilder(context.getApplicationContext(),
POSDatabase.class,
"pos_database").addMigrations(MIGRATION_1_2).build();
}
}
}
return INSTANCE;
}
}
Invoice.java
package com.example.qrreceipt;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.room.ColumnInfo;
import androidx.room.Entity;
import androidx.room.PrimaryKey;
@Entity(tableName = "invoice")
public class Invoice {
@PrimaryKey
@NonNull
@ColumnInfo(name = "invoice_id")
private String invoice_id;
//private Date date;
@ColumnInfo(name = "terminal_no")
private String terminal_no;
@ColumnInfo(name = "cashier_name")
private String cashier_name;
public Invoice() { }
@NonNull
public String getInvoice_id() {
return invoice_id;
}
public String getTerminal_no() {
return terminal_no;
}
public String getCashier_name() {
return cashier_name;
}
public void setInvoice_id(@NonNull String invoice_id) {
this.invoice_id = invoice_id;
}
public void setTerminal_no(String terminal_no) {
this.terminal_no = terminal_no;
}
public void setCashier_name(String cashier_name) {
this.cashier_name = cashier_name;
}
}
InvoiceDao.java
package com.example.qrreceipt;
import androidx.room.Dao;
import androidx.room.Insert;
import androidx.room.Query;
import androidx.room.Update;
import java.util.List;
@Dao
public interface InvoiceDao {
@Insert
void insertInvoice(Invoice invoice);
@Update
void updateInvoice(Invoice invoice);
@Query("SELECT * FROM invoice WHERE invoice_id = :invoice_id")
List<Item> findInvoice(String invoice_id);
@Query("SELECT * FROM invoice")
List<Item> getAllInvoices();
@Query("DELETE FROM invoice WHERE invoice_id = :invoice_id")
void deleteInvoice(String invoice_id);
}
运行构建 > 运行任务 > :app:compileDebugJavaWithJavac
org.gradle.api.tasks.TaskExecutionException:任务执行失败 ':app:compileDebugJavaWithJavac'。在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.execute(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:95) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ResolveTaskOutputCachingStateExecuter.execute(ResolveTaskOutputCachingStateExecuter.java:91) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ValidatingTaskExecuter.execute(ValidatingTaskExecuter.java:57) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipEmptySourceFilesTaskExecuter.execute(SkipEmptySourceFilesTaskExecuter.java:119) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ResolvePreviousStateExecuter.execute(ResolvePreviousStateExecuter.java:43) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.CleanupStaleOutputsExecuter.execute(CleanupStaleOutputsExecuter.java:93) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.FinalizePropertiesTaskExecuter.execute(FinalizePropertiesTaskExecuter.java:45) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ResolveTaskArtifactStateTaskExecuter.execute(ResolveTaskArtifactStateTaskExecuter.java:94) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipTaskWithNoActionsExecuter.execute(SkipTaskWithNoActionsExecuter.java:56) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipOnlyIfTaskExecuter.execute(SkipOnlyIfTaskExecuter.java:55) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.CatchExceptionTaskExecuter.execute(CatchExceptionTaskExecuter.java:36) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter$1.executeTask(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:67) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter$1.call(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:52) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter$1.call(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:49) 在 org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$CallableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:315) 在 org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$CallableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:305) 在 org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:175) 在 org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.call(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:101) 在 org.gradle.internal.operations.DelegatingBuildOperationExecutor.call(DelegatingBuildOperationExecutor.java:36) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter.execute(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:49) 在 org.gradle.execution.plan.LocalTaskNodeExecutor.execute(LocalTaskNodeExecutor.java:43) 在 org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$InvokeNodeExecutorsAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:355) 在 org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$InvokeNodeExecutorsAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:343) 在 org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$BuildOperationAwareExecutionAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:336) 在 org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$BuildOperationAwareExecutionAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:322) 在 org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker$1.execute(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:134) 在 org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker$1.execute(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:129) 在 org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker.execute(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:202) 在 org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker.executeNextNode(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:193) 在 org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker.run(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:129) 在 org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ExecutorPolicy$CatchAndRecordFailures.onExecute(ExecutorPolicy.java:63) 在 org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ManagedExecutorImpl$1.run(ManagedExecutorImpl.java:46) 在 java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) 在 java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) 在 org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ThreadFactoryImpl$ManagedThreadRunnable.run(ThreadFactoryImpl.java:55) 在 java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745) 引起: org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.compile.CompilationFailedException: 编译失败;有关详细信息,请参阅编译器错误输出。在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.compile.JdkJavaCompiler.execute(JdkJavaCompiler.java:52) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.compile.JdkJavaCompiler.execute(JdkJavaCompiler.java:36) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.compile.NormalizingJavaCompiler.delegateAndHandleErrors(NormalizingJavaCompiler.java:100) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.compile.NormalizingJavaCompiler.execute(NormalizingJavaCompiler.java:52) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.compile.NormalizingJavaCompiler.execute(NormalizingJavaCompiler.java:38) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.compile.AnnotationProcessorDiscoveringCompiler.execute(AnnotationProcessorDiscoveringCompiler.java:51) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.compile.AnnotationProcessorDiscoveringCompiler.execute(AnnotationProcessorDiscoveringCompiler.java:37) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.compile.CleaningJavaCompilerSupport.execute(CleaningJavaCompilerSupport.java:39) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.compile.incremental.IncrementalCompilerFactory$2.execute(IncrementalCompilerFactory.java:110) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.compile.incremental.IncrementalCompilerFactory$2.execute(IncrementalCompilerFactory.java:106) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.compile.incremental.IncrementalResultStoringCompiler.execute(IncrementalResultStoringCompiler.java:59) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.compile.incremental.IncrementalResultStoringCompiler.execute(IncrementalResultStoringCompiler.java:43) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.compile.CompileJavaBuildOperationReportingCompiler$2.call(CompileJavaBuildOperationReportingCompiler.java:59) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.compile.CompileJavaBuildOperationReportingCompiler$2.call(CompileJavaBuildOperationReportingCompiler.java:51) 在 org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$CallableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:315) 在 org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$CallableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:305) 在 org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:175) 在 org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.call(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:101) 在 org.gradle.internal.operations.DelegatingBuildOperationExecutor.call(DelegatingBuildOperationExecutor.java:36) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.compile.CompileJavaBuildOperationReportingCompiler.execute(CompileJavaBuildOperationReportingCompiler.java:51) 在 org.gradle.api.tasks.compile.JavaCompile.performCompilation(JavaCompile.java:154) 在 org.gradle.api.tasks.compile.JavaCompile.compile(JavaCompile.java:122) 在 com.android.build.gradle.tasks.AndroidJavaCompile.compile(AndroidJavaCompile.kt:214) 在 sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) 在 sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) 在 sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) 在 java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) 在 org.gradle.internal.reflect.JavaMethod.invoke(JavaMethod.java:73) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.IncrementalTaskAction.doExecute(IncrementalTaskAction.java:47) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.StandardTaskAction.execute(StandardTaskAction.java:41) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.StandardTaskAction.execute(StandardTaskAction.java:28) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter$2.run(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:284) 在 org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$RunnableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:301) 在 org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$RunnableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:293) 在 org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:175) 在 org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.run(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:91) 在 org.gradle.internal.operations.DelegatingBuildOperationExecutor.run(DelegatingBuildOperationExecutor.java:31) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.executeAction(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:273) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.executeActions(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:258) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.access$200(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:67) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter$TaskExecution.execute(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:145) 在 org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.ExecuteStep.execute(ExecuteStep.java:49) 在 org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.CancelExecutionStep.execute(CancelExecutionStep.java:34) 在 org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.TimeoutStep.executeWithoutTimeout(TimeoutStep.java:69) 在 org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.TimeoutStep.execute(TimeoutStep.java:49) 在 org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.CatchExceptionStep.execute(CatchExceptionStep.java:33) 在 org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.CreateOutputsStep.execute(CreateOutputsStep.java:50) 在 org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.SnapshotOutputStep.execute(SnapshotOutputStep.java:43) 在 org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.SnapshotOutputStep.execute(SnapshotOutputStep.java:29) 在 org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.CacheStep.executeWithoutCache(CacheStep.java:134) 在 org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.CacheStep.lambda$execute$3(CacheStep.java:83) 在 java.util.Optional.orElseGet(Optional.java:267) 在 org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.CacheStep.execute(CacheStep.java:82) 在 org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.CacheStep.execute(CacheStep.java:36) 在 org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.PrepareCachingStep.execute(PrepareCachingStep.java:33) 在 org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.StoreSnapshotsStep.execute(StoreSnapshotsStep.java:38) 在 org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.StoreSnapshotsStep.execute(StoreSnapshotsStep.java:23) 在 org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.SkipUpToDateStep.executeBecause(SkipUpToDateStep.java:96) 在 org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.SkipUpToDateStep.lambda$execute$0(SkipUpToDateStep.java:89) 在 java.util.Optional.map(Optional.java:215) 在 org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.SkipUpToDateStep.execute(SkipUpToDateStep.java:52) 在 org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.SkipUpToDateStep.execute(SkipUpToDateStep.java:36) 在 org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.DefaultWorkExecutor.execute(DefaultWorkExecutor.java:34) 在 org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.execute(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:91) ... 35 更多
Java 编译器:(2 个错误,2 个警告)
警告:查询返回一些列 [invoice_id, terminal_no, cashier_name] 不被 com.example.qrreceipt.Item 使用。你 可以在字段上使用@ColumnInfo 注释来指定映射。 com.example.qrreceipt.Item 有一些字段 [item_id, description, 查询未返回的价格]。如果他们不应该 要从结果中读取,您可以使用 @Ignore 注释标记它们。 您可以通过使用注释方法来抑制此警告 @SuppressWarnings(RoomWarnings.CURSOR_MISMATCH)。返回的列 查询:invoice_id、terminal_no、cashier_name。中的字段 com.example.qrreceipt.Item:item_id、描述、价格。
错误:查询返回的列没有字段 com.example.qrreceipt.Item 中的 [item_id,price],即使它们是 注释为非空或原始。查询返回的列: [invoice_id,terminal_no,cashier_name]
警告:查询返回一些列 [invoice_id, terminal_no, cashier_name] 不被 com.example.qrreceipt.Item 使用。你 可以在字段上使用@ColumnInfo 注释来指定映射。 com.example.qrreceipt.Item 有一些字段 [item_id, description, 查询未返回的价格]。如果他们不应该 要从结果中读取,您可以使用 @Ignore 注释标记它们。 您可以通过使用注释方法来抑制此警告 @SuppressWarnings(RoomWarnings.CURSOR_MISMATCH)。返回的列 查询:invoice_id、terminal_no、cashier_name。中的字段 com.example.qrreceipt.Item:item_id、描述、价格。
错误:错误:查询返回的列没有 com.example.qrreceipt.Item 中的 [item_id,price] 字段,即使它们 被注释为非空或原始的。查询返回的列: [invoice_id,terminal_no,cashier_name]
【问题讨论】:
标签: java sqlite gradle android-room androidx