Dagger 2.x指南(修订版 6):
步骤如下:
1.) 将Dagger 添加到您的build.gradle 文件中:
.
// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
buildscript {
repositories {
jcenter()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.2.0'
classpath 'com.neenbedankt.gradle.plugins:android-apt:1.8' //added apt for source code generation
}
}
allprojects {
repositories {
jcenter()
}
}
.
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'com.neenbedankt.android-apt' //needed for source code generation
android {
compileSdkVersion 24
buildToolsVersion "24.0.2"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "your.app.id"
minSdkVersion 14
targetSdkVersion 24
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
}
buildTypes {
debug {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
}
dependencies {
apt 'com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:2.7' //needed for source code generation
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:24.2.1'
compile 'com.google.dagger:dagger:2.7' //dagger itself
provided 'org.glassfish:javax.annotation:10.0-b28' //needed to resolve compilation errors, thanks to tutplus.org for finding the dependency
}
2.) 创建提供依赖项的 AppContextModule 类。
@Module //a module could also include other modules
public class AppContextModule {
private final CustomApplication application;
public AppContextModule(CustomApplication application) {
this.application = application;
}
@Provides
public CustomApplication application() {
return this.application;
}
@Provides
public Context applicationContext() {
return this.application;
}
@Provides
public LocationManager locationService(Context context) {
return (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
}
}
3.) 创建AppContextComponent 类,该类提供接口以获取可注入的类。
public interface AppContextComponent {
CustomApplication application(); //provision method
Context applicationContext(); //provision method
LocationManager locationManager(); //provision method
}
3.1.) 以下是创建具有实现的模块的方式:
@Module //this is to show that you can include modules to one another
public class AnotherModule {
@Provides
@Singleton
public AnotherClass anotherClass() {
return new AnotherClassImpl();
}
}
@Module(includes=AnotherModule.class) //this is to show that you can include modules to one another
public class OtherModule {
@Provides
@Singleton
public OtherClass otherClass(AnotherClass anotherClass) {
return new OtherClassImpl(anotherClass);
}
}
public interface AnotherComponent {
AnotherClass anotherClass();
}
public interface OtherComponent extends AnotherComponent {
OtherClass otherClass();
}
@Component(modules={OtherModule.class})
@Singleton
public interface ApplicationComponent extends OtherComponent {
void inject(MainActivity mainActivity);
}
注意::您需要在模块的@Provides 注释方法上提供@Scope 注释(如@Singleton 或@ActivityScope),以在生成的组件中获取范围提供程序,否则它将是无作用域的,每次注入时都会得到一个新实例。
3.2.) 创建一个应用程序范围的组件,指定您可以注入的内容(这与 Dagger 1.x 中的 injects={MainActivity.class} 相同):
@Singleton
@Component(module={AppContextModule.class}) //this is where you would add additional modules, and a dependency if you want to subscope
public interface ApplicationComponent extends AppContextComponent { //extend to have the provision methods
void inject(MainActivity mainActivity);
}
3.3.) 对于您可以通过构造函数自己创建并且不想使用@Module 重新定义的依赖项(例如,您使用构建风格而不是更改实现的类型),您可以使用@Inject带注释的构造函数。
public class Something {
OtherThing otherThing;
@Inject
public Something(OtherThing otherThing) {
this.otherThing = otherThing;
}
}
另外,如果你使用@Inject构造函数,你可以使用字段注入而无需显式调用component.inject(this):
public class Something {
@Inject
OtherThing otherThing;
@Inject
public Something() {
}
}
这些@Inject 构造函数类会自动添加到相同作用域的组件中,而无需在模块中显式指定它们。
@Singleton 范围内的 @Inject 构造函数类将出现在 @Singleton 范围内的组件中。
@Singleton // scoping
public class Something {
OtherThing otherThing;
@Inject
public Something(OtherThing otherThing) {
this.otherThing = otherThing;
}
}
3.4.) 在为给定接口定义特定实现之后,如下所示:
public interface Something {
void doSomething();
}
@Singleton
public class SomethingImpl {
@Inject
AnotherThing anotherThing;
@Inject
public SomethingImpl() {
}
}
您需要使用@Module 将特定实现“绑定”到接口。
@Module
public class SomethingModule {
@Provides
Something something(SomethingImpl something) {
return something;
}
}
自 Dagger 2.4 以来的简写如下:
@Module
public abstract class SomethingModule {
@Binds
abstract Something something(SomethingImpl something);
}
4.)创建一个Injector 类来处理您的应用程序级组件(它取代了单体ObjectGraph)
(注意:Rebuild Project 使用 APT 创建 DaggerApplicationComponent 构建器类)
public enum Injector {
INSTANCE;
ApplicationComponent applicationComponent;
private Injector(){
}
static void initialize(CustomApplication customApplication) {
ApplicationComponent applicationComponent = DaggerApplicationComponent.builder()
.appContextModule(new AppContextModule(customApplication))
.build();
INSTANCE.applicationComponent = applicationComponent;
}
public static ApplicationComponent get() {
return INSTANCE.applicationComponent;
}
}
5.) 创建您的 CustomApplication 类
public class CustomApplication
extends Application {
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
Injector.initialize(this);
}
}
6.) 将CustomApplication 添加到您的AndroidManifest.xml。
<application
android:name=".CustomApplication"
...
7.)在MainActivity中注入你的类
public class MainActivity
extends AppCompatActivity {
@Inject
CustomApplication customApplication;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Injector.get().inject(this);
//customApplication is injected from component
}
}
8.)享受吧!
+1.)您可以为您的组件指定Scope,您可以使用它来创建活动级别范围的组件。子范围允许您提供只需要给定子范围的依赖项,而不是整个应用程序。通常,每个 Activity 都会通过此设置获得自己的模块。请注意,每个组件都存在一个范围提供程序,这意味着为了保留该活动的实例,组件本身必须在配置更改后继续存在。例如,它可以通过onRetainCustomNonConfigurationInstance() 或迫击炮范围存活。
有关子范围的更多信息,请查看the guide by Google。另请参阅 this site about provision methods 以及 component dependencies section) 和 here。
要创建自定义范围,必须指定范围限定符注解:
@Scope
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface YourCustomScope {
}
要创建子作用域,您需要在组件上指定作用域,并指定ApplicationComponent 作为其依赖项。显然,您还需要在模块提供程序方法上指定子范围。
@YourCustomScope
@Component(dependencies = {ApplicationComponent.class}, modules = {CustomScopeModule.class})
public interface YourCustomScopedComponent
extends ApplicationComponent {
CustomScopeClass customScopeClass();
void inject(YourScopedClass scopedClass);
}
和
@Module
public class CustomScopeModule {
@Provides
@YourCustomScope
public CustomScopeClass customScopeClass() {
return new CustomScopeClassImpl();
}
}
请注意,只有 一个 范围的组件可以指定为依赖项。可以把它想象成 Java 不支持多重继承。
+2.) 关于@Subcomponent:本质上,作用域@Subcomponent 可以替换组件依赖项;但您需要使用组件工厂方法,而不是使用注释处理器提供的构建器。
所以这个:
@Singleton
@Component
public interface ApplicationComponent {
}
@YourCustomScope
@Component(dependencies = {ApplicationComponent.class}, modules = {CustomScopeModule.class})
public interface YourCustomScopedComponent
extends ApplicationComponent {
CustomScopeClass customScopeClass();
void inject(YourScopedClass scopedClass);
}
变成这样:
@Singleton
@Component
public interface ApplicationComponent {
YourCustomScopedComponent newYourCustomScopedComponent(CustomScopeModule customScopeModule);
}
@Subcomponent(modules={CustomScopeModule.class})
@YourCustomScope
public interface YourCustomScopedComponent {
CustomScopeClass customScopeClass();
}
还有这个:
DaggerYourCustomScopedComponent.builder()
.applicationComponent(Injector.get())
.customScopeModule(new CustomScopeModule())
.build();
变成这样:
Injector.INSTANCE.newYourCustomScopedComponent(new CustomScopeModule());
+3.):请查看其他有关 Dagger2 的 Stack Overflow 问题,它们提供了很多信息。比如我当前的Dagger2结构是在this answer中指定的。
谢谢
感谢Github、TutsPlus、Joe Steele、Froger MCS 和 Google 的指导。
也为这个step by step migration guide I found after writing this post.
对于scope explanation,Kirill。
official documentation 中的更多信息。