JFrame 和 JPanel 问题

Question

我正在尝试为当地一家出售糕点、百吉饼和咖啡的百吉饼店制作程序。我在实现我在 JFrame 中制作的面板时遇到了问题

任何了解如何使我的 JFrame 看起来像这样的帮助都会有所帮助http://kepler.covenant.edu/COS150/Bagel_files/image002.jpg

一旦我完成了这项工作，我希望中间的一组面板会根据选择的产品而改变。我不完全确定如何使按钮和面板相互通信。

感谢您的帮助！

到目前为止，这是我的 JFrame 代码。

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;

public class BagelOrder extends JFrame
{   
JLabel topLabel;

sizePanel sp = new sizePanel();
typePanel tp = new typePanel();
productsPanel pp = new productsPanel();
buttonPanel bp = new buttonPanel();
extrasPanel ep = new extrasPanel();

public BagelOrder()
{
    setTitle("Order Entry Screen");
    setSize(800, 800);
    setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); 
    topLabel = new JLabel("Order Entry Screen");
    add(pp, BorderLayout.WEST);
    add(topLabel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
    add(bp, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
    add(middleCoffeePanelSetBuild(), BorderLayout.CENTER);
    add(east, BorderLayout.EAST);
    setVisible(true);

}

private JPanel middleCoffeePanelSetBuild()
{
    JPanel middlePanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,1));
    add(sp);
    add(tp);
    add(ep);

    }

public static void main(String args[])
{
    BagelOrder bo = new BagelOrder();
}



} 

我没有错误，但除了页面顶部的标签外，我什么也看不到。

这是我其他类的代码

按钮面板

import java.awt.GridLayout;
import javax.swing.ButtonGroup;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JPanel;


public class buttonPanel extends JPanel
{
JButton enterItemButton;
JPanel buttonPanel;
ButtonGroup bg;
JButton totalButton;
JButton newOrderButton;


public buttonPanel()
{
    buttonPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
    bg = new ButtonGroup();
    enterItemButton = new JButton("Enter Item");
    totalButton = new JButton("Total");
    newOrderButton = new JButton("New Order");

    buttonPanel.setSize(150, 780);
    buttonPanel.add(enterItemButton);
    bg.add(enterItemButton);
    buttonPanel.add(totalButton);
    bg.add(totalButton);
    buttonPanel.add(newOrderButton);
    bg.add(newOrderButton);
    setVisible(true);   

}
}

产品面板

import java.awt.GridLayout;
import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
import javax.swing.ButtonGroup;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JRadioButton;
import javax.swing.border.Border;


public class productsPanel extends JPanel
{
public productsPanel()
{
    JPanel productPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,1));
    ButtonGroup bg = new ButtonGroup();
    JRadioButton coffeeButton = new JRadioButton("Coffee");
    JRadioButton bagelButton = new JRadioButton("Bagel");
    JRadioButton pastryButton = new JRadioButton("Pastry");

    productPanel.setSize(150, 780);
    productPanel.add(coffeeButton);
    bg.add(coffeeButton);
    productPanel.add(bagelButton);
    bg.add(bagelButton);
    productPanel.add(pastryButton);
    bg.add(pastryButton);

    Border etched = BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder();
    Border titled = BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(etched, "Products");
    productPanel.setBorder(titled);
    setVisible(true);   
}
}

尺寸面板

import java.awt.GridLayout;

import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
import javax.swing.ButtonGroup;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JRadioButton;
import javax.swing.border.Border;


public class sizePanel extends JPanel{

public sizePanel()
{
    JPanel sp = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,1));
    ButtonGroup bg = new ButtonGroup();
    JRadioButton smallButton = new JRadioButton("Small");
    JRadioButton mediumButton = new JRadioButton("Medium");
    JRadioButton largeButton = new JRadioButton("Large");

    sp.setSize(200, 200);
    sp.add(smallButton);
    bg.add(smallButton);
    sp.add(mediumButton);
    bg.add(mediumButton);
    sp.add(largeButton);
    bg.add(largeButton);


    Border etched = BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder();
    Border titled = BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(etched, "Size");   
    sp.setBorder(titled);
    setVisible(true);   
}
}

类型面板

import java.awt.GridLayout;

import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
import javax.swing.ButtonGroup;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JRadioButton;
import javax.swing.border.Border;


public class typePanel extends JPanel
{
public typePanel()
{
    JPanel typePanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,1));
    ButtonGroup bg = new ButtonGroup();
    JRadioButton regularButton = new JRadioButton("Regular");
    JRadioButton decafButton = new JRadioButton("Decaf");
    JRadioButton frenchRoastButton = new JRadioButton("French Roast");

    typePanel.setSize(200, 200);
    typePanel.add(regularButton);
    bg.add(regularButton);
    typePanel.add(decafButton);
    bg.add(decafButton);
    typePanel.add(frenchRoastButton);
    bg.add(frenchRoastButton);


    Border etched = BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder();
    Border titled = BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(etched, "Type");   
    typePanel.setBorder(titled);
    setVisible(true);   
}
}

附加面板

 import java.awt.GridLayout;
 import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
 import javax.swing.JCheckBox;
 import javax.swing.JPanel;
 import javax.swing.border.Border;


public class extrasPanel extends JPanel
{
public extrasPanel()
{
    JPanel extrasPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,1));

    JCheckBox creamCheckBox = new JCheckBox("Cream");
    JCheckBox sugarCheckBox = new JCheckBox("Sugar");   

    extrasPanel.setSize(200, 200);
    extrasPanel.add(creamCheckBox);
    extrasPanel.add(sugarCheckBox);

    Border etched = BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder();
    Border titled = BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(etched, "Extras");
    extrasPanel.setBorder(titled);
    setVisible(true);
}
}

Answer 1

在编写 Swing GUI 时要遵循的一些好的做法：

1) 您的 Panel 类构建错误。 你需要重写 buttonPanel 和你所有的其他人，让它们看起来像这样：

public buttonPanel() {
    super(new GridLayout(1,3));
    bg = new ButtonGroup();
    enterItemButton = new JButton("Enter Item");
    totalButton = new JButton("Total");
    newOrderButton = new JButton("New Order");

    this.setSize(150, 780);
    this.add(enterItemButton);
    bg.add(enterItemButton);
    this.add(totalButton);
    bg.add(totalButton);
    this.add(newOrderButton);
    bg.add(newOrderButton);
    this.setVisible(true);

    }
}

按照您当前的编写方式，您有一个 ButtonPanel 类（总是大写类），它拥有一个带有按钮的 JPanel，但它从不显示它拥有的这个 JPanel。您需要 ButtonPanel 成为 JPanel，而不仅仅是拥有一个 JPanel。 那是主要问题。您可以改进的小点：

2) JFrame 有一个名为 contentPane 的 JPanel。正如 jzd 所说，使用 JFrame.add 时，您实际上是在调用 JFrame.getContentPane.add(Component c)。这是一种方便的方法，但它隐藏了你真正在做什么。尤其是刚开始学习的时候，走捷径很糟糕。

我个人更进一步，开始我的 JFrames

JPanel content = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
content.add(...);
....
this.setContentPane(content);

3) 扩展类（如 JFrame）以调用 super() 开始是一种很好的做法。同样，您可以将其作为简写省略，但在开始时保持迂腐是很好的。这会调用超类的构造函数（使用您需要的任何参数），这基本上是在说“让我们创建基本的 JFrame，然后对其应用我的扩展”。

4) 将您的类大写并以小写动词开头所有函数也是一个好习惯。即 ButtonPanel 或 build()

5) 似乎您才刚刚开始使用 GUI，但我可能会推荐外部库“MigLayout”（google it）。它的额外功能和易用性令人惊叹，它使您能够克服所有 Java 内置的、可怕的布局类型。

Answer 2

他们使用ActionListener 接口、ActionPerformed(ActionEvent e) 方法相互交谈，为了触发这些方法，您需要<the component to be listened to>.addActionListener(theListener);