如何将 react-native 道具从功能组件传递到类组件

Question

我正在为流媒体应用程序创建一个音乐播放器，并且我想制作一个动态播放列表。我正在使用 Expo AV 和 Firebase 来存储音乐和信息。

我已经配置了所有东西，但是我无法将“cancionesPlaylist”道具（已经是一个数组）从父功能组件传递到子类组件。这是我的代码：

import { StyleSheet, TouchableOpacity, View, Image } from "react-native";
import { Title, Text } from "react-native-paper";
import { LinearGradient } from "expo-linear-gradient";
import { Button } from "../components/Button";
import { Audio, Video } from "expo-av";
import firebase from "../utils/firebase";
import "firebase/firestore";
import { Ionicons } from "@expo/vector-icons";

export default function ReproductorAudio(props) {
  const { route } = props;
  const { canciones } = route.params;
  const cancionesPlaylist = canciones;

  return <ReproductorMusica cancionesPlaylist={cancionesPlaylist} />;
}

class ReproductorMusica extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    const cancionesPlaylist = props.cancionesPlaylist;
    console.log(cancionesPlaylist);
  }

  state = {
    isPlaying: false,
    playbackInstance: null,
    currentIndex: 0,
    volume: 1.0,
    isBuffering: false,
  };

  async componentDidMount() {
    try {
      await Audio.setAudioModeAsync({
        allowsRecordingIOS: false,
        interruptionModeIOS: Audio.INTERRUPTION_MODE_IOS_DO_NOT_MIX,
        playsInSilentModeIOS: true,
        interruptionModeAndroid: Audio.INTERRUPTION_MODE_ANDROID_DUCK_OTHERS,
        shouldDuckAndroid: true,
        staysActiveInBackground: true,
        playThroughEarpieceAndroid: true,
      });

      this.loadAudio();
    } catch (e) {
      console.log(e);
    }
  }

  async loadAudio() {
    const { currentIndex, isPlaying, volume } = this.state;

    try {
      const playbackInstance = new Audio.Sound();
      const source = {
        uri: cancionesPlaylist[currentIndex].uri,
      };

      const status = {
        shouldPlay: isPlaying,
        volume,
      };

      playbackInstance.setOnPlaybackStatusUpdate(this.onPlaybackStatusUpdate);
      await playbackInstance.loadAsync(source, status, false);
      this.setState({ playbackInstance });
    } catch (e) {
      console.log(e);
    }
  }

  onPlaybackStatusUpdate = (status) => {
    this.setState({
      isBuffering: status.isBuffering,
    });
  };

  handlePlayPause = async () => {
    const { isPlaying, playbackInstance } = this.state;
    isPlaying
      ? await playbackInstance.pauseAsync()
      : await playbackInstance.playAsync();

    this.setState({
      isPlaying: !isPlaying,
    });
  };

  handlePreviousTrack = async () => {
    let { playbackInstance, currentIndex } = this.state;
    if (playbackInstance) {
      await playbackInstance.unloadAsync();
      currentIndex < cancionesPlaylist.length - 1
        ? (currentIndex -= 1)
        : (currentIndex = 0);
      this.setState({
        currentIndex,
      });
      this.loadAudio();
    }
  };

  handleNextTrack = async () => {
    let { playbackInstance, currentIndex } = this.state;
    if (playbackInstance) {
      await playbackInstance.unloadAsync();
      currentIndex < cancionesPlaylist.length - 1
        ? (currentIndex += 1)
        : (currentIndex = 0);
      this.setState({
        currentIndex,
      });
      this.loadAudio();
    }
  };

  renderFileInfo() {
    const { playbackInstance, currentIndex } = this.state;
    return playbackInstance ? (
      <View style={styles.trackInfo}>
        <Text style={[styles.trackInfoText, styles.largeText]}>
          {cancionesPlaylist[currentIndex].name}
        </Text>
        <Text style={[styles.trackInfoText, styles.smallText]}>
          {cancionesPlaylist[currentIndex].author}
        </Text>
        <Text style={[styles.trackInfoText, styles.smallText]}>
          {cancionesPlaylist[currentIndex].source}
        </Text>
      </View>
    ) : null;
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <View style={styles.container}>
        <Image
          style={styles.albumCover}
          source={{
            uri:
              "http://www.archive.org/download/LibrivoxCdCoverArt8/hamlet_1104.jpg",
          }}
        />
        <View style={styles.controls}>
          <TouchableOpacity
            style={styles.control}
            onPress={this.handlePreviousTrack}
          >
            <Ionicons name="arrow-back-circle-outline" size={48} color="#444" />
          </TouchableOpacity>
          <TouchableOpacity
            style={styles.control}
            onPress={this.handlePlayPause}
          >
            {this.state.isPlaying ? (
              <Ionicons name="ios-pause" size={48} color="#444" />
            ) : (
              <Ionicons name="ios-play-circle" size={48} color="#444" />
            )}
          </TouchableOpacity>
          <TouchableOpacity
            style={styles.control}
            onPress={this.handleNextTrack}
          >
            <Ionicons
              name="arrow-forward-circle-outline"
              size={48}
              color="#444"
            />
          </TouchableOpacity>
        </View>
        {this.renderFileInfo()}
      </View>
    );
  }
}

const styles = StyleSheet.create({
  container: {
    flex: 1,
    backgroundColor: "#aaa",
    alignItems: "center",
    justifyContent: "center",
  },
  albumCover: {
    width: 250,
    height: 250,
  },
  trackInfo: {
    padding: 40,
    backgroundColor: "#aaa",
  },
  trackInfoText: {
    textAlign: "center",
    flexWrap: "wrap",
    color: "#550088",
  },
  largeText: {
    fontSize: 22,
  },
  smallText: {
    fontSize: 16,
  },
  control: {
    margin: 20,
  },
  controls: {
    flexDirection: "row",
  },
});

Answer 1

您几乎拥有它，您只是错过了类和功能组件之间的一个概念差异。即组件内部如何使用 props (docs)。

对于一个简单的函数式组件，很简单，一个函数和所有的 props 都可以在组件中任何地方访问。但是使用类组件，道具通过this.props 绑定到类instance。

所以现在查看您的代码，您正在类构造函数内创建一个局部变量 cancionesPlaylist，但该变量的作用域仅限于构造函数 block 内。

constructor(props) {
  super(props);
  const cancionesPlaylist = props.cancionesPlaylist;
  console.log(cancionesPlaylist);
}

因此，当您尝试在类中的任何位置访问该局部变量时，您实际上是在引用一个可能不存在的（即undefined）名为cancionesPlaylist 的全局变量。您需要做的只是通过this.props.cancionesPlaylist 访问类实例上的道具。您可以在类组件内的任何位置访问this（又名组件/类实例），但它可能并不总是相同的? 请参阅this，了解一些并非特定于反应的一般陷阱。

还有一点清理...

import { StyleSheet, TouchableOpacity, View, Image } from "react-native";
import { Title, Text } from "react-native-paper";
import { LinearGradient } from "expo-linear-gradient";
import { Button } from "../components/Button";
import { Audio, Video } from "expo-av";
import firebase from "../utils/firebase";
import "firebase/firestore";
import { Ionicons } from "@expo/vector-icons";

export default function ReproductorAudio(props) {
  const { route } = props;
  const { canciones } = route.params;
  const cancionesPlaylist = canciones;

  return <ReproductorMusica cancionesPlaylist={cancionesPlaylist} />;
}

class ReproductorMusica extends React.Component {
  state = {
    isPlaying: false,
    playbackInstance: null,
    currentIndex: 0,
    volume: 1.0,
    isBuffering: false,
  };

  async componentDidMount() {
    try {
      await Audio.setAudioModeAsync({
        allowsRecordingIOS: false,
        interruptionModeIOS: Audio.INTERRUPTION_MODE_IOS_DO_NOT_MIX,
        playsInSilentModeIOS: true,
        interruptionModeAndroid: Audio.INTERRUPTION_MODE_ANDROID_DUCK_OTHERS,
        shouldDuckAndroid: true,
        staysActiveInBackground: true,
        playThroughEarpieceAndroid: true,
      });

      this.loadAudio();
    } catch (e) {
      console.log(e);
    }
  }

  async loadAudio() {
    const { currentIndex, isPlaying, volume } = this.state;

    try {
      const playbackInstance = new Audio.Sound();
      const source = {
        uri: this.props.cancionesPlaylist[currentIndex].uri,
      };

      const status = {
        shouldPlay: isPlaying,
        volume,
      };

      playbackInstance.setOnPlaybackStatusUpdate(this.onPlaybackStatusUpdate);
      await playbackInstance.loadAsync(source, status, false);
      this.setState({ playbackInstance });
    } catch (e) {
      console.log(e);
    }
  }

  onPlaybackStatusUpdate = (status) => {
    this.setState({
      isBuffering: status.isBuffering,
    });
  };

  handlePlayPause = async () => {
    const { isPlaying, playbackInstance } = this.state;
    isPlaying
      ? await playbackInstance.pauseAsync()
      : await playbackInstance.playAsync();

    this.setState({
      isPlaying: !isPlaying,
    });
  };

  handlePreviousTrack = async () => {
    let { playbackInstance, currentIndex } = this.state;
    if (playbackInstance) {
      await playbackInstance.unloadAsync();
      currentIndex < this.props.cancionesPlaylist.length - 1
        ? (currentIndex -= 1)
        : (currentIndex = 0);
      this.setState({
        currentIndex,
      });
      this.loadAudio();
    }
  };

  handleNextTrack = async () => {
    let { playbackInstance, currentIndex } = this.state;
    if (playbackInstance) {
      await playbackInstance.unloadAsync();
      currentIndex < this.props.cancionesPlaylist.length - 1
        ? (currentIndex += 1)
        : (currentIndex = 0);
      this.setState({
        currentIndex,
      });
      this.loadAudio();
    }
  };

  renderFileInfo() {
    const { playbackInstance, currentIndex } = this.state;
    return playbackInstance ? (
      <View style={styles.trackInfo}>
        <Text style={[styles.trackInfoText, styles.largeText]}>
          {this.props.cancionesPlaylist[currentIndex].name}
        </Text>
        <Text style={[styles.trackInfoText, styles.smallText]}>
          {this.props.cancionesPlaylist[currentIndex].author}
        </Text>
        <Text style={[styles.trackInfoText, styles.smallText]}>
          {this.props.cancionesPlaylist[currentIndex].source}
        </Text>
      </View>
    ) : null;
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <View style={styles.container}>
        <Image
          style={styles.albumCover}
          source={{
            uri:
              "http://www.archive.org/download/LibrivoxCdCoverArt8/hamlet_1104.jpg",
          }}
        />
        <View style={styles.controls}>
          <TouchableOpacity
            style={styles.control}
            onPress={this.handlePreviousTrack}
          >
            <Ionicons name="arrow-back-circle-outline" size={48} color="#444" />
          </TouchableOpacity>
          <TouchableOpacity
            style={styles.control}
            onPress={this.handlePlayPause}
          >
            {this.state.isPlaying ? (
              <Ionicons name="ios-pause" size={48} color="#444" />
            ) : (
              <Ionicons name="ios-play-circle" size={48} color="#444" />
            )}
          </TouchableOpacity>
          <TouchableOpacity
            style={styles.control}
            onPress={this.handleNextTrack}
          >
            <Ionicons
              name="arrow-forward-circle-outline"
              size={48}
              color="#444"
            />
          </TouchableOpacity>
        </View>
        {this.renderFileInfo()}
      </View>
    );
  }
}

const styles = StyleSheet.create({
  container: {
    flex: 1,
    backgroundColor: "#aaa",
    alignItems: "center",
    justifyContent: "center",
  },
  albumCover: {
    width: 250,
    height: 250,
  },
  trackInfo: {
    padding: 40,
    backgroundColor: "#aaa",
  },
  trackInfoText: {
    textAlign: "center",
    flexWrap: "wrap",
    color: "#550088",
  },
  largeText: {
    fontSize: 22,
  },
  smallText: {
    fontSize: 16,
  },
  control: {
    margin: 20,
  },
  controls: {
    flexDirection: "row",
  },
});

删除了不需要的constructor，并将cancionesPlaylist 的全局变量查找更改为通过this.props.cancionesPlaylist 支持类查找。