Dataproc Hadoop MapReduce - 无法正常工作答案

【问题标题】：Dataproc Hadoop MapReduce - can't get it to workDataproc Hadoop MapReduce - 无法正常工作
【发布时间】：2020-03-07 17:11:39
【问题描述】：

我基本上是在尝试运行我的第一个 Hadoop MapReduce 例程，并且我必须使用 Hadoop 和 MapReduce，因为我正在为一个班级项目执行此操作。我想将 Python 用于 mapper 和 reducer，因为我对这种语言最熟悉，而且我的同龄人也最熟悉它。我觉得设置它的最简单方法是通过 Google DataProc 实例，所以我也运行它。我将描述我做了什么以及我使用了哪些资源，但我对此相对较新，可能会遗漏一些东西。

Dataproc 配置

Dataproc 1

Dataproc 2

Dataproc 3

然后，我可以通过 SSH 连接到我的主节点。我将 mapper.py 和 reducer.py 文件存储在 Google Cloud Storage 存储桶中。

Mapper 和 reducer 代码来自 this Micheal Noll blog post，修改后可与 Python 3 一起使用。

mapper.py：

#!/usr/bin/env python
"""mapper.py"""

import sys

# input comes from STDIN (standard input)
for line in sys.stdin:
    # remove leading and trailing whitespace
    line = line.strip()
    # split the line into words
    words = line.split()
    # increase counters
    # increase counters
    for word in words:
        # write the results to STDOUT (standard output);
        # what we output here will be the input for the
        # Reduce step, i.e. the input for reducer.py
        #
        # tab-delimited; the trivial word count is 1
        #print ('%s\t%s' % (word, 1))
        print(f"{word}\t{1}")

reducer.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
"""reducer.py"""

from operator import itemgetter
import sys

print_out = lambda x, y: print(f'{x}\t{y}')

current_word = None
current_count = 0
word = None

# input comes from STDIN (standard input)
for line in sys.stdin:
    # remove leading and trailing whitespace
    line = line.strip()

    # parse the input we got from mapper.py
    word, count = line.split('\t', 1)

    # convert count (currently a string) to int
    try:
        count = int(count)
    except ValueError:
        # count was not a number, so silently
        # ignore/discard this line
        continue
    #print("still working")

    # this IF-switch only works because Hadoop sorts map output
    # by key (here: word) before it is passed to the reducer
    if current_word == word:
        current_count += count
    else:
        if current_word:
            # write result to STDOUT
            #print '%s\t%s' % (current_word, current_count)
            print_out(current_word, current_count)
        current_count = count
        current_word = word

# do not forget to output the last word if needed!
if current_word == word:
    #print '%s\t%s' % (current_word, current_count)
    print_out(current_word, current_count)

最后，我 ssh 进入我的主节点，然后检查我的 python 版本：

hduser@data-604-m:~$ python
Python 3.7.3 (default, Mar 27 2019, 22:11:17) 
[GCC 7.3.0] :: Anaconda, Inc. on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

我运行以下命令（改编自 here）：

hadoop jar /usr/lib/hadoop-mapreduce/hadoop-streaming.jar \
    -files gs://data-604-hadoop/mapper.py,gs://data-604-hadoop/reducer.py \
    -mapper mapper.py \
    -reducer reducer.py \
    -input gs://data-604-hadoop/books/pg20417.txt \
    -output gs://data-604-hadoop/output

结果如下：

hduser@data-604-m:~$ hadoop jar /usr/lib/hadoop-mapreduce/hadoop-streaming.jar     -files gs://data-604-hadoop/mapper.py,gs://data-604-hadoop/reducer.py     -map
per mapper.py     -reducer reducer.py     -input gs://data-604-hadoop/books/pg20417.txt     -output gs://data-604-hadoop/output
packageJobJar: [] [/usr/lib/hadoop-mapreduce/hadoop-streaming-2.9.2.jar] /tmp/streamjob4601880105330541890.jar tmpDir=null
19/11/12 02:10:46 INFO client.RMProxy: Connecting to ResourceManager at data-604-m/10.162.0.13:8032
19/11/12 02:10:47 INFO client.AHSProxy: Connecting to Application History server at data-604-m/10.162.0.13:10200
19/11/12 02:10:47 INFO client.RMProxy: Connecting to ResourceManager at data-604-m/10.162.0.13:8032
19/11/12 02:10:47 INFO client.AHSProxy: Connecting to Application History server at data-604-m/10.162.0.13:10200
19/11/12 02:10:49 INFO mapred.FileInputFormat: Total input files to process : 1
19/11/12 02:10:49 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: number of splits:15
19/11/12 02:10:49 INFO Configuration.deprecation: yarn.resourcemanager.system-metrics-publisher.enabled is deprecated. Instead, use yarn.system-metrics-publisher
.enabled
19/11/12 02:10:49 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: Submitting tokens for job: job_1573523684358_0002
19/11/12 02:10:50 INFO impl.YarnClientImpl: Submitted application application_1573523684358_0002
19/11/12 02:10:50 INFO mapreduce.Job: The url to track the job: http://data-604-m:8088/proxy/application_1573523684358_0002/
19/11/12 02:10:50 INFO mapreduce.Job: Running job: job_1573523684358_0002
19/11/12 02:10:58 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1573523684358_0002 running in uber mode : false
19/11/12 02:10:58 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map 0% reduce 0%
19/11/12 02:11:10 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1573523684358_0002_m_000000_0, Status : FAILED
Error: java.lang.RuntimeException: PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(): subprocess failed with code 1
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(PipeMapRed.java:325)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.mapRedFinished(PipeMapRed.java:538)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapper.close(PipeMapper.java:130)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapRunner.run(MapRunner.java:61)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRunner.run(PipeMapRunner.java:34)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.runOldMapper(MapTask.java:458)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.run(MapTask.java:342)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild$2.run(YarnChild.java:177)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
        at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1893)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild.main(YarnChild.java:171)
19/11/12 02:11:10 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1573523684358_0002_m_000001_0, Status : FAILED
Error: java.lang.RuntimeException: PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(): subprocess failed with code 1
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(PipeMapRed.java:325)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.mapRedFinished(PipeMapRed.java:538)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapper.close(PipeMapper.java:130)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapRunner.run(MapRunner.java:61)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRunner.run(PipeMapRunner.java:34)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.runOldMapper(MapTask.java:458)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.run(MapTask.java:342)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild$2.run(YarnChild.java:177)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
        at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1893)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild.main(YarnChild.java:171)
19/11/12 02:11:12 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1573523684358_0002_m_000002_0, Status : FAILED
Error: java.lang.RuntimeException: PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(): subprocess failed with code 1
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(PipeMapRed.java:325)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.mapRedFinished(PipeMapRed.java:538)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapper.close(PipeMapper.java:130)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapRunner.run(MapRunner.java:61)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRunner.run(PipeMapRunner.java:34)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.runOldMapper(MapTask.java:458)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.run(MapTask.java:342)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild$2.run(YarnChild.java:177)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
        at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1893)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild.main(YarnChild.java:171)
19/11/12 02:11:12 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1573523684358_0002_m_000004_0, Status : FAILED
Error: java.lang.RuntimeException: PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(): subprocess failed with code 1
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(PipeMapRed.java:325)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.mapRedFinished(PipeMapRed.java:538)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapper.close(PipeMapper.java:130)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapRunner.run(MapRunner.java:61)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRunner.run(PipeMapRunner.java:34)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.runOldMapper(MapTask.java:458)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.run(MapTask.java:342)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild$2.run(YarnChild.java:177)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
        at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1893)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild.main(YarnChild.java:171)
19/11/12 02:11:12 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1573523684358_0002_m_000003_0, Status : FAILED
Error: java.lang.RuntimeException: PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(): subprocess failed with code 1
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(PipeMapRed.java:325)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.mapRedFinished(PipeMapRed.java:538)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapper.close(PipeMapper.java:130)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapRunner.run(MapRunner.java:61)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRunner.run(PipeMapRunner.java:34)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.runOldMapper(MapTask.java:458)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.run(MapTask.java:342)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild$2.run(YarnChild.java:177)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
        at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1893)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild.main(YarnChild.java:171)
19/11/12 02:11:19 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1573523684358_0002_m_000000_1, Status : FAILED
Error: java.lang.RuntimeException: PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(): subprocess failed with code 1
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(PipeMapRed.java:325)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.mapRedFinished(PipeMapRed.java:538)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapper.close(PipeMapper.java:130)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapRunner.run(MapRunner.java:61)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRunner.run(PipeMapRunner.java:34)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.runOldMapper(MapTask.java:458)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.run(MapTask.java:342)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild$2.run(YarnChild.java:177)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
        at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1893)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild.main(YarnChild.java:171)
19/11/12 02:11:20 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1573523684358_0002_m_000001_1, Status : FAILED
Error: java.lang.RuntimeException: PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(): subprocess failed with code 1
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(PipeMapRed.java:325)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.mapRedFinished(PipeMapRed.java:538)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapper.close(PipeMapper.java:130)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapRunner.run(MapRunner.java:61)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRunner.run(PipeMapRunner.java:34)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.runOldMapper(MapTask.java:458)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.run(MapTask.java:342)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild$2.run(YarnChild.java:177)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
        at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1893)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild.main(YarnChild.java:171)
19/11/12 02:11:24 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1573523684358_0002_m_000005_0, Status : FAILED
Error: java.lang.RuntimeException: PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(): subprocess failed with code 1
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(PipeMapRed.java:325)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.mapRedFinished(PipeMapRed.java:538)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapper.close(PipeMapper.java:130)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapRunner.run(MapRunner.java:61)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRunner.run(PipeMapRunner.java:34)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.runOldMapper(MapTask.java:458)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.run(MapTask.java:342)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild$2.run(YarnChild.java:177)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
        at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1893)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild.main(YarnChild.java:171)
19/11/12 02:11:24 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1573523684358_0002_m_000006_0, Status : FAILED
Error: java.lang.RuntimeException: PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(): subprocess failed with code 1
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(PipeMapRed.java:325)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.mapRedFinished(PipeMapRed.java:538)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapper.close(PipeMapper.java:130)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapRunner.run(MapRunner.java:61)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRunner.run(PipeMapRunner.java:34)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.runOldMapper(MapTask.java:458)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.run(MapTask.java:342)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild$2.run(YarnChild.java:177)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
        at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1893)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild.main(YarnChild.java:171)

19/11/12 02:11:24 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1573523684358_0002_m_000007_0, Status : FAILED
Error: java.lang.RuntimeException: PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(): subprocess failed with code 1
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(PipeMapRed.java:325)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.mapRedFinished(PipeMapRed.java:538)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapper.close(PipeMapper.java:130)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapRunner.run(MapRunner.java:61)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRunner.run(PipeMapRunner.java:34)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.runOldMapper(MapTask.java:458)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.run(MapTask.java:342)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild$2.run(YarnChild.java:177)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
        at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1893)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild.main(YarnChild.java:171)
19/11/12 02:11:28 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1573523684358_0002_m_000002_1, Status : FAILED
Error: java.lang.RuntimeException: PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(): subprocess failed with code 1
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(PipeMapRed.java:325)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.mapRedFinished(PipeMapRed.java:538)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapper.close(PipeMapper.java:130)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapRunner.run(MapRunner.java:61)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRunner.run(PipeMapRunner.java:34)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.runOldMapper(MapTask.java:458)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.run(MapTask.java:342)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild$2.run(YarnChild.java:177)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
        at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1893)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild.main(YarnChild.java:171)
19/11/12 02:11:30 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1573523684358_0002_m_000004_1, Status : FAILED
Error: java.lang.RuntimeException: PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(): subprocess failed with code 1
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(PipeMapRed.java:325)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.mapRedFinished(PipeMapRed.java:538)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapper.close(PipeMapper.java:130)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapRunner.run(MapRunner.java:61)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRunner.run(PipeMapRunner.java:34)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.runOldMapper(MapTask.java:458)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.run(MapTask.java:342)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild$2.run(YarnChild.java:177)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
        at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1893)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild.main(YarnChild.java:171)
19/11/12 02:11:37 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1573523684358_0002_m_000001_2, Status : FAILED
Error: java.lang.RuntimeException: PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(): subprocess failed with code 1
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(PipeMapRed.java:325)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.mapRedFinished(PipeMapRed.java:538)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapper.close(PipeMapper.java:130)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapRunner.run(MapRunner.java:61)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRunner.run(PipeMapRunner.java:34)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.runOldMapper(MapTask.java:458)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.run(MapTask.java:342)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild$2.run(YarnChild.java:177)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
        at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1893)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild.main(YarnChild.java:171)
19/11/12 02:11:38 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1573523684358_0002_m_000000_2, Status : FAILED
Error: java.lang.RuntimeException: PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(): subprocess failed with code 1
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(PipeMapRed.java:325)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.mapRedFinished(PipeMapRed.java:538)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapper.close(PipeMapper.java:130)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapRunner.run(MapRunner.java:61)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRunner.run(PipeMapRunner.java:34)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.runOldMapper(MapTask.java:458)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.run(MapTask.java:342)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild$2.run(YarnChild.java:177)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
        at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1893)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild.main(YarnChild.java:171)
19/11/12 02:11:38 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1573523684358_0002_m_000003_1, Status : FAILED
Error: java.lang.RuntimeException: PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(): subprocess failed with code 1
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(PipeMapRed.java:325)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.mapRedFinished(PipeMapRed.java:538)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapper.close(PipeMapper.java:130)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapRunner.run(MapRunner.java:61)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRunner.run(PipeMapRunner.java:34)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.runOldMapper(MapTask.java:458)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.run(MapTask.java:342)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild$2.run(YarnChild.java:177)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
        at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1893)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild.main(YarnChild.java:171)
19/11/12 02:11:39 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1573523684358_0002_m_000005_1, Status : FAILED
Error: java.lang.RuntimeException: PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(): subprocess failed with code 1
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(PipeMapRed.java:325)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.mapRedFinished(PipeMapRed.java:538)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapper.close(PipeMapper.java:130)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapRunner.run(MapRunner.java:61)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRunner.run(PipeMapRunner.java:34)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.runOldMapper(MapTask.java:458)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.run(MapTask.java:342)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild$2.run(YarnChild.java:177)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
        at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1893)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild.main(YarnChild.java:171)
19/11/12 02:11:40 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1573523684358_0002_m_000006_1, Status : FAILED
Error: java.lang.RuntimeException: PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(): subprocess failed with code 1
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(PipeMapRed.java:325)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.mapRedFinished(PipeMapRed.java:538)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapper.close(PipeMapper.java:130)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapRunner.run(MapRunner.java:61)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRunner.run(PipeMapRunner.java:34)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.runOldMapper(MapTask.java:458)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.run(MapTask.java:342)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild$2.run(YarnChild.java:177)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
        at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1893)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild.main(YarnChild.java:171)
19/11/12 02:11:48 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1573523684358_0002_m_000007_1, Status : FAILED
Error: java.lang.RuntimeException: PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(): subprocess failed with code 1
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.waitOutputThreads(PipeMapRed.java:325)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRed.mapRedFinished(PipeMapRed.java:538)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapper.close(PipeMapper.java:130)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapRunner.run(MapRunner.java:61)
        at org.apache.hadoop.streaming.PipeMapRunner.run(PipeMapRunner.java:34)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.runOldMapper(MapTask.java:458)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.run(MapTask.java:342)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild$2.run(YarnChild.java:177)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
        at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1893)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild.main(YarnChild.java:171)
19/11/12 02:11:49 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map 80% reduce 0%
19/11/12 02:11:50 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map 100% reduce 100%
19/11/12 02:11:50 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1573523684358_0002 failed with state FAILED due to: Task failed task_1573523684358_0002_m_000001
Job failed as tasks failed. failedMaps:1 failedReduces:0
19/11/12 02:11:50 INFO mapreduce.Job: Counters: 14
        Job Counters 
                Failed map tasks=19
                Killed map tasks=14
                Killed reduce tasks=5
                Launched map tasks=22
                Other local map tasks=14
                Rack-local map tasks=8
                Total time spent by all maps in occupied slots (ms)=885928
                Total time spent by all reduces in occupied slots (ms)=0
                Total time spent by all map tasks (ms)=221482
                Total vcore-milliseconds taken by all map tasks=221482
                Total megabyte-milliseconds taken by all map tasks=453595136
        Map-Reduce Framework
                CPU time spent (ms)=0
                Physical memory (bytes) snapshot=0
                Virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=0
19/11/12 02:11:50 ERROR streaming.StreamJob: Job not successful!
Streaming Command Failed!

而且，老实说，我现在不知道该怎么做。我在这方面投入了很多时间，但我感觉自己就像一堵砖墙，因为我不确定出了什么问题。

我也试过了：

hadoop jar /usr/lib/hadoop-mapreduce/hadoop-streaming.jar \
    -files gs://data-604-hadoop/mapper.py,gs://data-604-hadoop/reducer.py \
    -mapper ./mapper.py \
    -reducer ./reducer.py \
    -input gs://data-604-hadoop/books/pg20417.txt \
    -output gs://data-604-hadoop/output

结果相似。

感谢您的帮助。

更新： 我尝试了更多的东西，但没有任何成功。我尝试将我的 python 脚本移动到 Hadoop 集群上。然后我用head -n100 mobydick.txt | ./mapper.py | sort | ./reducer.py 对它们进行了测试，它们可以工作了。在下面的 cmets 中，我提到我查看了我的 shebang 并进行了更改，但它们也没有成功。

【问题讨论】：

也许这个问题可以在某种程度上帮助你，stackoverflow.com/questions/26208454/…
@King11 我会进一步调查。我希望用 Python 实现而不是 Java 来做到这一点，因为我们还没有学习过 Java（尽管我确实对它有一点熟悉）。
reddit 上有人建议这可能是我的 shebang。我跑了：sys.executable，得到了/opt/conda/bin/python，我改变了我的shebang，但我得到了相同的结果。我还将文件移到了 google proc 集群上，并且它们在 head -n100 mobydick.txt | ./mapper.py | sort | ./reducer.py 的上下文中运行了两个 shebang，但是 hadoop 流失败了。
您确定您已将shebang 更新为#!/opt/conda/bin/python 并在重新运行之前更新了GCS 位置中的python 文件吗？我实际上是端到端地复制了您的设置，并且固定路径似乎对我有用；我将发布一个答案，说明为什么会这样。
我检查了我的文件并尝试使用#!/opt/conda/bin python 而不是#!/opt/conda/bin/python。其中很多对我来说都很新，所以我摸索了很多。我能够复制你的答案，我的 mapreduce 现在可以工作了！非常感谢。

标签： python hadoop mapreduce google-cloud-dataproc

【解决方案1】：

这里发生了一些不同的事情，但主要是归结为不一定能够假设每个 mapper/reducer 任务（作为 YARN 容器运行）的系统环境必然具有与您登录的 shell 相同的系统环境。在大多数情况下（例如 Java 类路径等），许多元素会故意有所不同。通常，对于基于 Java 的 MapReduce 程序，这可以按预期工作，因为您最终会在 hadoop jar 命令下运行的驱动程序代码和在 YARN 容器中的工作节点上运行的执行程序代码之间获得类似的环境变量和类路径。 Hadoop 流式传输有点奇怪，因为在正常的 Hadoop 使用中它不是一等公民。

无论如何，在这种情况下，您遇到的主要问题是登录到集群时的默认 Python 是 Conda 发行版和 Python 版本 3.7，但是在您的 YARN 环境中生成映射器/减速器的默认 Python 版本任务实际上是 Python 2.7。这是 Dataproc 中一些遗留兼容性考虑的不幸结果。您可以通过破解 mapper.py 作为所需环境信息的转储来查看这一点，例如，尝试在通过 SSH 连接到 Dataproc 集群时运行以下命令：

echo foo > foo.txt
hdfs dfs -mkdir hdfs:///foo
hdfs dfs -put foo.txt hdfs:///foo/foo.txt
echo '#!/bin/bash' > info.sh
echo 'which python' >> info.sh
echo 'python --version 2>&1' >> info.sh
hadoop jar /usr/lib/hadoop-mapreduce/hadoop-streaming.jar \
     -Dmapred.reduce.tasks=0 \
     -Dmapred.map.tasks=1 \
     -files info.sh \
     -input hdfs:///foo \
     -output hdfs:///info-output \
     -mapper ./info.sh

您的本地环境将显示不同版本的 Python 与 hdfs:///info-output 处打印的内容：

$ bash info.sh
/opt/conda/bin/python
Python 3.7.3
$ hdfs dfs -cat hdfs:///info-output/*
/usr/bin/python 
Python 2.7.15+

这意味着您可以使您的映射器/减速器与 Python 2.7 兼容，或者您可以在 shebang 中明确指定 /opt/conda/bin/python。在我复制您的设置（Dataproc 1.4-ubuntu18 加上 jupyter.sh 初始化操作）的设置中，以下对我有用：

#!/opt/conda/bin/python
"""mapper.py"""

import sys

# input comes from STDIN (standard input)
for line in sys.stdin:
    # remove leading and trailing whitespace
    line = line.strip()
    # split the line into words
    words = line.split()
    # increase counters
    # increase counters
    for word in words:
        # write the results to STDOUT (standard output);
        # what we output here will be the input for the
        # Reduce step, i.e. the input for reducer.py
        #
        # tab-delimited; the trivial word count is 1
        #print ('%s\t%s' % (word, 1))
        print(f"{word}\t{1}")

还有减速器：

#!/opt/conda/bin/python
"""reducer.py"""

from operator import itemgetter
import sys

print_out = lambda x, y: print(f'{x}\t{y}')

current_word = None
current_count = 0
word = None

# input comes from STDIN (standard input)
for line in sys.stdin:
    # remove leading and trailing whitespace
    line = line.strip()

    # parse the input we got from mapper.py
    word, count = line.split('\t', 1)

    # convert count (currently a string) to int
    try:
        count = int(count)
    except ValueError:
        # count was not a number, so silently
        # ignore/discard this line
        continue
    #print("still working")

    # this IF-switch only works because Hadoop sorts map output
    # by key (here: word) before it is passed to the reducer
    if current_word == word:
        current_count += count
    else:
        if current_word:
            # write result to STDOUT
            #print '%s\t%s' % (current_word, current_count)
            print_out(current_word, current_count)
        current_count = count
        current_word = word

# do not forget to output the last word if needed!
if current_word == word:
    #print '%s\t%s' % (current_word, current_count)
    print_out(current_word, current_count)

但是，要记住的另一件事是 jupyter.sh 初始化操作有点过时，您应该使用实际的 Dataproc Jupyter Component。在任何情况下，尽管您可能希望首先运行我上面概述的info.sh 步骤，以确定要在 mapper.py 和 reducer.py 中使用的相关 Python 环境。

例如，没有 jupyter.sh init 操作的 vanilla Dataproc 1.4-debian9 实际上将登录默认 Python 为 /opt/conda/default/bin/python 而不是 /opt/conda/bin/python。 Dataproc 1.3-debian9 映像将 /usr/bin/python 成为 Python 2.7 的默认值。

【讨论】：

谢谢！这解决了我的问题，我从你的详细回答中学到了很多东西。