【发布时间】:2018-12-14 14:09:26
【问题描述】:
我最近在写一个矩阵运算库。我想在我的程序中重载operator,但是在我定义的模板类中使用友元函数访问私有变量时出错。 (而且只有当我重载操作符'+'时才报错,操作符'-'的重载函数不报错。) 我定义的模板类如下:
template<class T>
class Matrix
{
int col;
int row;
T *matrix;
public:
Matrix(T *m, int row1, int col1):matrix(m), row(row1), col(col1){}
Matrix(int row1, int col1):row(row1), col(col1)
{
matrix = new T[row*col];
cout<<"Have set the shape of the matrix, but should use create() to initialize the matrix!"<<endl;
}
Matrix(){}
~Matrix(){}
void show();
UINT create(T *m);
UINT zeros(int size);
UINT eye(int size);
// the overload function statement
friend Matrix operator+(const Matrix &a, const Matrix &b);
friend Matrix operator-(const Matrix &a, const Matrix &b);
Matrix matrix_T(); // transpose the matrix
Matrix matrix_Inv(); // calculate matrix's inverse
Matrix matrix_Adjoint(); // calculate the adjoint matrix
};
这两个重载函数的定义如下:
// report error: can't access private member declared in class
template<class T>
Matrix<T> operator +(const Matrix<T> &m1, const Matrix<T> &m2)
{
if (m1.col!=m2.col || m1.row!=m2.row)
{
cout<<"These two matrices can't be plused!"<<endl;
exit(0);
}
T *tmp = new T[m1.col*m1.row];
for (int i=0; i<m1.row; i++)
{
for (int j=0; j<m1.col; j++)
{
tmp[i*m1.col+j] = m1.matrix[i*m1.col+j] + m2.matrix[i*m1.col+j];
}
}
return Matrix<T>(tmp, m1.row, m1.col);
}
// this defination didn't report error
// and if I only run this code, there is nothing wrong
template<class T>
Matrix<T> operator -(const Matrix<T> &m1, const Matrix<T> &m2)
{
if (m1.col!=m2.col || m1.row!=m2.row)
{
cout<<"These two matrices can't be plused!"<<endl;
exit(0);
}
T *tmp = new T[m1.col*m1.row];
for (int i=0; i<m1.row; i++)
{
for (int j=0; j<m1.col; j++)
{
tmp[i*m1.col+j] = m1.matrix[i*m1.col+j] - m2.matrix[i*m1.col+j];
}
}
return Matrix<T>(tmp, m1.row, m1.col);
}
我分别测试了这两段代码,运算符'-'的重载可以正确编译,但运算符'+'不能。 错误信息如下:
f:\program\c++\matrixoperate\matrixdefine.h(134) : error C2248: 'col' : cannot access private member declared in class 'Matrix<int>'
f:\program\c++\matrixoperate\matrixdefine.h(6) : see declaration of 'col'
f:\program\c++\matrixoperate\demo.cpp(14) : see reference to function template instantiation 'class Matrix<int> __cdecl operator +(const class Matrix<int> &,const class Matrix<int> &)' being compiled
f:\program\c++\matrixoperate\matrixdefine.h(134) : error C2248: 'col' : cannot access private member declared in class 'Matrix<int>'
f:\program\c++\matrixoperate\matrixdefine.h(6) : see declaration of 'col'
而我使用的IDE是VC++6.0。
【问题讨论】:
-
问题是您使用类型变量将特定类型绑定到运算符重载,这没有意义,因为您使用的是类声明中的类型参数。看看here
-
感谢您的回答。但是当我将它声明为类时,我没有将类型变量绑定到运算符。并且运算符'-'的重载可以单独正确运行。你能给我一些关于如何纠正它的建议吗?
-
请注意,vc6 受到难以置信的限制,尤其是在 c++ 模板方面。即使是介绍性工作,切换到更新的编译器也会为您提供很好的服务。a
标签: c++ class templates friend