将新项目附加到列表时出现问题

Question

我正在尝试为我的游戏制作一个随机的敌人生成器。为此，我在 Stack Overflow 上看到过这种方法，但它似乎对我不起作用，我不知道为什么。将代码附加到我的列表时，由于某种原因它没有正确通过。以下是我的相关代码，以进一步说明我的意思。主题标签之间的代码是要突出显示的代码

移动函数：

def moveFunctions(bullets, E_bullets, score, font, window,
                  protagR, protagL, protagU, protagD, enemyR, enemyL, enemyU, enemyD, bg):
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()

    bulletSFX = pygame.mixer.Sound("ASG2_Music/shoot_Bullet_SFX.wav")
    getHitSFX = pygame.mixer.Sound("ASG2_Music/Hit_SFX.wav")
    enemy_getHitSFX = pygame.mixer.Sound("ASG2_Music/Monster_Hit_SFX.wav")
    music = pygame.mixer.music.load("ASG2_Music/stand_Proud.mp3")
    pygame.mixer.music.play(-1)

    bulletDelay = 0
    game_Over = True
    run = True
    ##########################################################################################
    DiArrow = enemy(random.randint(1, 500), random.randint(1, 500), 48, 48, 410)
    board = player(225, 225, 64, 64, 0)

    while run:
        enemies = []
        maxEnemies = 5
        for i in range(maxEnemies):
            enemies.append(enemy(random.randint(1, 500), random.randint(1, 500), 48,48, 410))
            print(enemies)
    ##########################################################################################
        if game_Over:
            # show_game_Over_Screen()
            game_Over = False
        clock.tick(15) # Frame rate per second (FPS)

        if bulletDelay > 0:
            bulletDelay += 1
        if bulletDelay > 3:
                bulletDelay = 0

        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                run = False
                stopGame()

        fireBullet(board, bullets, DiArrow, score, enemy_getHitSFX)
        E_fireBullet(board, E_bullets, DiArrow, getHitSFX)

        arrowKeys = pygame.key.get_pressed()

        score = fireBullet(board, bullets, DiArrow, score, enemy_getHitSFX)

        bulletDirection(arrowKeys, board, bullets, bulletDelay, bulletSFX)
        bulletDelay = bulletDirection(arrowKeys, board, bullets, bulletDelay, bulletSFX)
        E_bulletDirection(DiArrow, E_bullets, board)
        playerControls(arrowKeys, board)
        enemyControls(DiArrow, board)
        redrawGameWindow(board, DiArrow, bullets, E_bullets, font, score, window, protagR, protagL, protagU, protagD,
                         enemyR, enemyL, enemyU, enemyD, enemies, bg)

重绘游戏窗口：

def redrawGameWindow(board, DiArrow, bullets, E_bullets, font, score, window, protagR, protagL, protagU, protagD, enemyR,
                     enemyL, enemyU, enemyD, enemies, bg):
    window.blit(bg, (0,0))
    text = font.render("Score: " + str(score), 1, (255, 255, 255))
    window.blit(text, (340, 513))
    board.drawCharacter(window,  protagR, protagL, protagU, protagD)
    ##########################################################################################
    for i in enemies:
        DiArrow.drawEnemy(window, enemyR, enemyL, enemyU, enemyD)
    ##########################################################################################
    for bullet in bullets:
        bullet.draw(window)
    for bullet in E_bullets:
        bullet.draw(window)
    pygame.display.update()

类敌人（）：

class enemy():
    def __init__(self, x, y, width, height, walkCount):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.vel = 3
        self.lastDirection = "right" or "left" or "up" or "down"
        self.walkCount = walkCount
        self.hitbox = (self.x, self.y, 48, 50)
        self.health = 4
        self.visible = True

    def drawEnemy(self, window, enemyR, enemyL, enemyU, enemyD):
        dest = (self.x, self.y)

        if self.visible:
            if self.walkCount + 1 >= 15:
                self.walkCount = 0

            if self.lastDirection == "left":
                window.blit(enemyL[self.walkCount//3], dest)
                self.walkCount += 1
            elif self.lastDirection == "right":
                window.blit(enemyR[self.walkCount//3], dest)
                self.walkCount += 1
            elif self.lastDirection == "up":
                window.blit(enemyU[self.walkCount//3], dest)
                self.walkCount += 1
            elif self.lastDirection == "down":
                window.blit(enemyD[self.walkCount//3], dest)
                self.walkCount += 1
            self.hitbox = (self.x, self.y, 48, 50)

            pygame.draw.rect(window, (255, 0, 0), (self.hitbox[0], self.hitbox[1] - 15, 50, 10))
            pygame.draw.rect(window, (177, 0, 175), (self.hitbox[0], self.hitbox[1] - 15, 50 - ((50/5)*(4 - self.health)), 10))

    def getHit(self):
        if self.health > 0:
            print("Enemy Got Hit!")
            self.health -= 1
        else:
            print("Enemy Killed!")
            self.visible = False

    def gameOver(self):
        if self.visible == False:
            pass

我发现在尝试检查错误时，在 moveFunctions 中打印敌人实际上并不能正确打印列表，而是给出了这个。

[<__main__.enemy object at 0x00000251C53A3828>]
[<__main__.enemy object at 0x00000251C53A3828>, <__main__.enemy object at 0x00000251C53A3470>]
[<__main__.enemy object at 0x00000251C53A3828>, <__main__.enemy object at 0x00000251C53A3470>, <__main__.enemy object at 0x00000251C53A3EB8>]
[<__main__.enemy object at 0x00000251C53A3828>, <__main__.enemy object at 0x00000251C53A3470>, <__main__.enemy object at 0x00000251C53A3EB8>, <__main__.enemy object at 0x00000251C53A39E8>]
[<__main__.enemy object at 0x00000251C53A3828>, <__main__.enemy object at 0x00000251C53A3470>, <__main__.enemy object at 0x00000251C53A3EB8>, <__main__.enemy object at 0x00000251C53A39E8>, <__main__.enemy object at 0x00000251C53A3048>]

如您所见，列表正在更新，但我确实理解了这个奇怪的文本字符串。

为了全面披露，我在 Python 中使用 pygame 模块，但我怀疑这是给我这个问题的原因。

我在这里假设我的 maxEnemies 未生成问题与此问题直接相关。任何帮助将不胜感激，谢谢

Answer 1

您实际上在每一帧中创建了一个新的敌人列表 (enemies = [])，并在列表中添加了 5 个新的 enemy 实例。此外，列表会在循环中打印。

在主应用程序循环之前创建敌人列表并打印每个敌人的属性而不是敌人列表：

def moveFunctions(.....):
    # [...]

    enemies = []
    maxEnemies = 5
    for i in range(maxEnemies):
        newEnemy = enemy(random.randint(1, 500), random.randint(1, 500), 48,48, 410)
        enemies.append(newEnemy)
        print(newEnemy.x, newEnemy.y)

    while run:
        # [...]

---

注意，Class Names 通常应该使用 CapWords 约定。将类命名为 Enemy 而不是 enemy：

class enemy():

class Enemy():