首先，http://www.google.co.uk -> http://www.google.co.uk/search，这可能是反应不佳的原因。
要从 Google 图片中抓取图片，您需要从位于 <scrpt> 标记中的页面源 (ctrl+u) 中解析数据。以下是您需要采取的步骤（简化但非常接近下面的实际代码）：
- 查找所有
<script>标签：
soup.select('script')
- 通过
regex 匹配来自<script> 标签的图像数据：
matched_images_data = ''.join(re.findall(r"AF_initDataCallback\(([^<]+)\);", str(all_script_tags)))
- 通过
regex匹配所需图像（全分辨率）：
matched_images_data_fix = json.dumps(matched_images_data)
matched_images_data_json = json.loads(matched_images_data_fix)
matched_google_full_resolution_images = re.findall(r"(?:'|,),\[\"(https:|http.*?)\",\d+,\d+\]",
matched_images_data_json)
- 使用
bytes() 和decode() 提取和解码它们：
for fixed_full_res_image in matched_google_full_resolution_images:
original_size_img_not_fixed = bytes(fixed_full_res_image, 'ascii').decode('unicode-escape')
original_size_img = bytes(original_size_img_not_fixed, 'ascii').decode('unicode-escape')
- 要保存图像，您可以使用
urllib.request.urlretrieve，这可能是最简单的解决方案之一。
有时它不会下载任何东西，因为请求是通过脚本（bot）发送的，如果你想解析来自谷歌图片或其他搜索引擎的图片，你需要先传递user-agent，然后再下载图片，否则会阻塞请求并抛出错误。
将user-agent 传递给urllib.request 并下载图片：
opener=urllib.request.build_opener()
opener.addheaders=[('User-Agent','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.102 Safari/537.36 Edge/18.19582')]
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
urllib.request.urlretrieve(URL, 'your_folder/image_name.jpg')
使用an example in the online IDE在本地抓取和下载图像的代码：
import requests, lxml, re, json, urllib.request
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
headers = {
"User-Agent":
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.102 Safari/537.36 Edge/18.19582"
}
params = {
"q": "cat", # query
"tbm": "isch", # image results
"hl": "en", # language
"ijn": "0", # batch of 100 images. "1" is another 100 images and so on.
}
html = requests.get("https://www.google.com/search", params=params, headers=headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(html.text, 'lxml')
def get_images_data():
print('\nGoogle Images Metadata:')
for google_image in soup.select('.isv-r.PNCib.MSM1fd.BUooTd'):
title = google_image.select_one('.VFACy.kGQAp.sMi44c.lNHeqe.WGvvNb')['title']
source = google_image.select_one('.fxgdke').text
link = google_image.select_one('.VFACy.kGQAp.sMi44c.lNHeqe.WGvvNb')['href']
print(f'{title}\n{source}\n{link}\n')
# this steps could be refactored to a more compact
all_script_tags = soup.select('script')
# # https://regex101.com/r/48UZhY/4
matched_images_data = ''.join(re.findall(r"AF_initDataCallback\(([^<]+)\);", str(all_script_tags)))
# https://kodlogs.com/34776/json-decoder-jsondecodeerror-expecting-property-name-enclosed-in-double-quotes
# if you try to json.loads() without json.dumps() it will throw an error:
# "Expecting property name enclosed in double quotes"
matched_images_data_fix = json.dumps(matched_images_data)
matched_images_data_json = json.loads(matched_images_data_fix)
# https://regex101.com/r/pdZOnW/3
matched_google_image_data = re.findall(r'\[\"GRID_STATE0\",null,\[\[1,\[0,\".*?\",(.*),\"All\",', matched_images_data_json)
# https://regex101.com/r/NnRg27/1
matched_google_images_thumbnails = ', '.join(
re.findall(r'\[\"(https\:\/\/encrypted-tbn0\.gstatic\.com\/images\?.*?)\",\d+,\d+\]',
str(matched_google_image_data))).split(', ')
print('Google Image Thumbnails:') # in order
for fixed_google_image_thumbnail in matched_google_images_thumbnails:
# https://stackoverflow.com/a/4004439/15164646 comment by Frédéric Hamidi
google_image_thumbnail_not_fixed = bytes(fixed_google_image_thumbnail, 'ascii').decode('unicode-escape')
# after first decoding, Unicode characters are still present. After the second iteration, they were decoded.
google_image_thumbnail = bytes(google_image_thumbnail_not_fixed, 'ascii').decode('unicode-escape')
print(google_image_thumbnail)
# removing previously matched thumbnails for easier full resolution image matches.
removed_matched_google_images_thumbnails = re.sub(
r'\[\"(https\:\/\/encrypted-tbn0\.gstatic\.com\/images\?.*?)\",\d+,\d+\]', '', str(matched_google_image_data))
# https://regex101.com/r/fXjfb1/4
# https://stackoverflow.com/a/19821774/15164646
matched_google_full_resolution_images = re.findall(r"(?:'|,),\[\"(https:|http.*?)\",\d+,\d+\]",
removed_matched_google_images_thumbnails)
print('\nFull Resolution Images:') # in order
for index, fixed_full_res_image in enumerate(matched_google_full_resolution_images):
# https://stackoverflow.com/a/4004439/15164646 comment by Frédéric Hamidi
original_size_img_not_fixed = bytes(fixed_full_res_image, 'ascii').decode('unicode-escape')
original_size_img = bytes(original_size_img_not_fixed, 'ascii').decode('unicode-escape')
print(original_size_img)
# ------------------------------------------------
# Download original images
# print(f'Downloading {index} image...')
# opener=urllib.request.build_opener()
# opener.addheaders=[('User-Agent','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.102 Safari/537.36 Edge/18.19582')]
# urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
# urllib.request.urlretrieve(original_size_img, f'Bs4_Images/original_size_img_{index}.jpg')
或者，您可以使用来自 SerpApi 的 Google Images API 来实现相同的目的。这是一个带有免费计划的付费 API。
不同之处在于，您不必处理正则表达式、绕过 Google 的阻止以及在发生崩溃时随时间维护代码（将在 HTML 中更改）。相反，您只需要遍历结构化 JSON 并获取您想要的数据。
要集成的示例代码：
import os, json # json for pretty output
from serpapi import GoogleSearch
def get_google_images():
params = {
"api_key": os.getenv("API_KEY"),
"engine": "google",
"q": "pexels cat",
"tbm": "isch"
}
search = GoogleSearch(params)
results = search.get_dict()
print(json.dumps(results['images_results'], indent=2, ensure_ascii=False))
get_google_images()
---------------
'''
[
... # other images
{
"position": 100, # img number
"thumbnail": "https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRR1FCGhFsr_qZoxPvQBDjVn17e_8bA5PB8mg&usqp=CAU",
"source": "pexels.com",
"title": "Close-up of Cat · Free Stock Photo",
"link": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-of-cat-320014/",
"original": "https://images.pexels.com/photos/2612982/pexels-photo-2612982.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&dpr=1&w=500",
"is_product": false
}
]
'''
P.S - 我写了一篇关于 how to scrape Google Images 和 how to reduce the chance of being blocked while web scraping search engines 的更深入的博文。
免责声明，我为 SerpApi 工作。