Python的日出日落时间

Question

我目前正在开展一个项目，该项目会在触发某些与光相关的活动时通知用户。我已经完成了与光有关的部分。因此，我需要找到一种有效的方法来在 python 中检索日出和日落时间，因为整个脚本都是用 python 编写的。我知道有几个其他语言的库，我想知道在 python 中最方便的方法是什么。

我想应该是这样的：

if(sunrise<T<sunset) and (light<threshold):
    notifyUser()

我很感激这里的任何帮助，祝你好运。

Answer 1

您也可以尝试使用suntime。下面是他们文档中的一个示例：

import datetime
from suntime import Sun, SunTimeException

latitude = 51.21
longitude = 21.01

sun = Sun(latitude, longitude)

# Get today's sunrise and sunset in UTC
today_sr = sun.get_sunrise_time()
today_ss = sun.get_sunset_time()
print('Today at Warsaw the sun raised at {} and get down at {} UTC'.
      format(today_sr.strftime('%H:%M'), today_ss.strftime('%H:%M')))

# On a special date in your machine's local time zone
abd = datetime.date(2014, 10, 3)
abd_sr = sun.get_local_sunrise_time(abd)
abd_ss = sun.get_local_sunset_time(abd)
print('On {} the sun at Warsaw raised at {} and get down at {}.'.
      format(abd, abd_sr.strftime('%H:%M'), abd_ss.strftime('%H:%M')))

Answer 2

进一步改进@Wojciech Jakubas answer，这是基准（省略时区）：

# boilerplate
from datetime import date, datetime, timezone, timedelta
import pytz
import time
from suntime import Sun, SunTimeException
from suntimes import SunTimes
import sunriset
import astral, astral.sun

latitude = 6.2088
longitude = 106.8456
altitude = 0
tz_name = 'Asia/Jakarta'
for_date = date(2021, 4, 6)

%%timeit
# print('====== suntime ======')
sun = Sun(latitude, longitude)
today_sr = sun.get_sunrise_time(for_date)
today_ss = sun.get_sunset_time(for_date)
# 20.3 µs ± 90.3 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10000 loops each)

%%timeit
# print('====== suntimes ======')
sun2 = SunTimes(longitude=longitude, latitude=latitude, altitude=altitude)
today_sr = sun2.riseutc(for_date)
today_ss = sun2.setutc(for_date)
# 83 µs ± 261 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10000 loops each)

%%timeit
# print('====== sunriset ======')
df = sunriset.to_pandas(for_date, latitude, longitude, 0, 1)
for index, row in df.iterrows():
    today_sr = row['Sunrise']
    today_ss = row['Sunset']
    break
# 28.7 ms ± 126 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)

%%timeit
# print('====== astral ======')
l = astral.LocationInfo('Custom Name', 'My Region', tz_name, latitude, longitude)
today_sr = astral.sun.sunrise(l.observer, date=for_date)
today_sr = astral.sun.sunset(l.observer, date=for_date)
# 64.3 µs ± 292 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10000 loops each)

要转换为本地 time zone (UTC+X)，请使用：

# with known region name
tz_name = 'Asia/Jakarta'
tz = pytz.timezone(tz_name)
today_sr.astimezone(tz)

# with known time different
time_different = 7
tz = datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=time_different))
today_sr.astimezone(tz)

结论：

1. 使用suntime。
2. 如果您确实需要一年的数据并且不关心速度，请尝试sunriset，因为它会输出一年。
3. sunriset 需要从源代码中手动编辑才能解决单次
4. sunriset 输出在timedelta 中，因此无法直接使用.astimezone 进行转换。

Answer 3

这也可以使用skyfield 库来完成。这是一个使用当前版本 (1.39) 的简短示例，改编自 the documentation：

from skyfield import almanac, api

ts = api.load.timescale()
eph = api.load('de421.bsp')

# Location
bluffton = api.wgs84.latlon(+40.8939, -83.8917)

# Times between which to look for sunrises and sunsets
t0 = ts.utc(2018, 9, 12, 4)
t1 = ts.utc(2018, 9, 13, 4)

times, is_sunrise = almanac.find_discrete(t0, t1, almanac.sunrise_sunset(eph, bluffton))

time 将包含t0 和t1 之间的日出/日落时间，如果是日出，is_sunrise 中的对应值将为 1，如果是日落，则为 0。

Answer 4

我比较了几个包（suntime、suntimes、sunriset、astral）以及它们返回的时间日出和日落时间。它们都返回本地时间，但您也可以轻松获得 UTC 时间。 结果如下：

from datetime import date, datetime, timezone, timedelta
import pytz
import time
from suntime import Sun, SunTimeException
from suntimes import SunTimes
import sunriset
import astral, astral.sun

latitude = 52.0691667
longitude = 19.4805556
altitude = 0
tz_poland = pytz.timezone('Europe/Warsaw')
tz_name = 'Europe/Warsaw'
for_date = date(2021, 4, 6)
print('====== suntime ======')
abd = for_date
sun = Sun(latitude, longitude)
today_sr = sun.get_sunrise_time()
today_ss = sun.get_sunset_time()
print(today_sr.astimezone(tz_poland))
print(today_ss.astimezone(tz_poland))
print('====== suntimes ======')
sun2 = SunTimes(longitude=longitude, latitude=latitude, altitude=altitude)
day = datetime(for_date.year, for_date.month, for_date.day)
print(sun2.risewhere(day, tz_name))
print(sun2.setwhere(day, tz_name))
print('====== sunriset ======')
local = datetime.now()
utc = datetime.utcnow()
local_tz = float(((local - utc).days * 86400 + round((local - utc).seconds, -1))/3600)
number_of_years = 1
start_date = for_date
df = sunriset.to_pandas(start_date, latitude, longitude, 2, number_of_years)
for index, row in df.iterrows():
    print(row['Sunrise'])
    print(row['Sunset'])
    break
print('====== astral ======')
l = astral.LocationInfo('Custom Name', 'My Region', tz_name, latitude, longitude)
s = astral.sun.sun(l.observer, date=for_date)
print(s['sunrise'].astimezone(tz_poland))
print(s['sunset'].astimezone(tz_poland))

然后返回：

====== suntime ======
2021-04-06 06:05:00+02:00
2021-04-06 19:16:00+02:00
====== suntimes ======
2021-04-06 06:04:34.000553+02:00
2021-04-06 19:17:16.000613+02:00
====== sunriset ======
0 days 06:02:52.093465
0 days 19:16:49.892350
====== astral ======
2021-04-06 06:03:39.792229+02:00
2021-04-06 19:17:01.188463+02:00

请注意只有 suntimes 包支持高度。

Answer 5

上面的Astral 包示例似乎过时了。

下面是Astral v2.2 的示例，用于加利福尼亚州圣何塞机场位置。

首先，设置观察者的位置：

from astral import LocationInfo
loc = LocationInfo(name='SJC', region='CA, USA', timezone='America/Los_Angeles',
                   latitude=37.3713439, longitude=-121.944675)
print(loc)
# LocationInfo(name='SJC', region='CA, USA', timezone='America/Los_Angeles',
#   latitude=37.3713439, longitude=-121.944675)
print(loc.observer)
# Observer(latitude=37.3713439, longitude=-121.944675, elevation=0.0)

注意：

• 只有纬度、经度和时区很重要。
• 名称和地区只是标签。

接下来，计算该观察者在所需日期（例如，下面的 2021-01-15）的太阳信息：

import datetime
from astral.sun import sun
s = sun(loc.observer, date=datetime.date(2021, 1, 15), tzinfo=loc.timezone)
for key in ['dawn', 'dusk', 'noon', 'sunrise', 'sunset']:
    print(f'{key:10s}:', s[key])

输出：

dawn      : 2021-01-15 06:52:04.342105-08:00
dusk      : 2021-01-15 17:42:59.471441-08:00
noon      : 2021-01-15 12:17:05-08:00
sunrise   : 2021-01-15 07:21:04.877697-08:00
sunset    : 2021-01-15 17:13:58.467348-08:00

注意事项：

• 如果未指定时区，则默认为 UTC。
• 正午是太阳正午——太阳在观察者位置穿过子午线的时间。
• Astral 是 NOAA 发布的 Excel sheets 的实现。

Answer 6

查看astral。这是一个稍作修改的example from their docs：

>>> from astral import Astral
>>> city_name = 'London'
>>> a = Astral()
>>> a.solar_depression = 'civil'
>>> city = a[city_name]
>>> sun = city.sun(date=datetime.date(2009, 4, 22), local=True)

>>> if (sun['sunrise'] < T < sun['sunset']) and (light < threshold):
>>>    notifyUser()

如果您使用类似此示例的内容，请记住将city_name 和提供的日期更改为city.sun。