升级到 ChromeDriver v80 和 Chrome v80 后，Chrome 无法在使用 Selenium 的 docker 容器中启动

Question

我在 docker 容器中运行 E2E 测试。在周五更新 selenium/node-chrome 之后，它将不再起作用。我曾尝试使用旧版本的 selenium/node-chrome，但它不起作用。我对 docker 容器等方面的经验很少。

Google Chrome 80.0.3987.106

这是我的 Dockerfile 的样子：

FROM selenium/node-chrome:3.141.59
ENV NODE_VERSION 12.14.1

USER root

RUN apt-get -qqy update \
 && apt-get -qqy --no-install-recommends install xz-utils \
 && apt-get -qqy autoremove \
 && apt-get -qqy clean \
 && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /var/cache/apt/* \
 && ARCH= \
 && dpkgArch="$(dpkg --print-architecture)" \
 && case "${dpkgArch##*-}" in \
    amd64) ARCH='x64';; \
    ppc64el) ARCH='ppc64le';; \
    s390x) ARCH='s390x';; \
    arm64) ARCH='arm64';; \
    armhf) ARCH='armv7l';; \
    i386) ARCH='x86';; \
    *) echo "unsupported architecture"; exit 1 ;; \
  esac \
  # gpg keys listed at https://github.com/nodejs/node#release-keys
  && set -ex \
  && for key in \
    94AE36675C464D64BAFA68DD7434390BDBE9B9C5 \
    FD3A5288F042B6850C66B31F09FE44734EB7990E \
    71DCFD284A79C3B38668286BC97EC7A07EDE3FC1 \
    DD8F2338BAE7501E3DD5AC78C273792F7D83545D \
    C4F0DFFF4E8C1A8236409D08E73BC641CC11F4C8 \
    B9AE9905FFD7803F25714661B63B535A4C206CA9 \
    77984A986EBC2AA786BC0F66B01FBB92821C587A \
    8FCCA13FEF1D0C2E91008E09770F7A9A5AE15600 \
    4ED778F539E3634C779C87C6D7062848A1AB005C \
    A48C2BEE680E841632CD4E44F07496B3EB3C1762 \
    B9E2F5981AA6E0CD28160D9FF13993A75599653C \
  ; do \
    gpg --batch --keyserver hkp://p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 --recv-keys "$key" || \
    gpg --batch --keyserver hkp://ipv4.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys "$key" || \
    gpg --batch --keyserver hkp://pgp.mit.edu:80 --recv-keys "$key" ; \
  done \
  && curl -fsSLO --compressed "https://nodejs.org/dist/v$NODE_VERSION/node-v$NODE_VERSION-linux-$ARCH.tar.xz" \
  && curl -fsSLO --compressed "https://nodejs.org/dist/v$NODE_VERSION/SHASUMS256.txt.asc" \
  && gpg --batch --decrypt --output SHASUMS256.txt SHASUMS256.txt.asc \
  && grep " node-v$NODE_VERSION-linux-$ARCH.tar.xz\$" SHASUMS256.txt | sha256sum -c - \
  && tar -xJf "node-v$NODE_VERSION-linux-$ARCH.tar.xz" -C /usr/local --strip-components=1 --no-same-owner \
  && rm "node-v$NODE_VERSION-linux-$ARCH.tar.xz" SHASUMS256.txt.asc SHASUMS256.txt \
  && ln -s /usr/local/bin/node /usr/local/bin/nodejs \
  && mkdir /src \
  && chown seluser /src

USER seluser

WORKDIR /src

COPY ./package-lock.json ./package.json ./
RUN npm install && \
  npm run wd:update

COPY . ./

CMD ["npm", "test"]

构建似乎没有任何问题，但在尝试运行测试时，我收到以下错误消息：

    > protractor protractor.conf.js

[13:51:33] I/launcher - Running 1 instances of WebDriver
[13:51:33] I/local - Starting selenium standalone server...
[13:51:35] I/local - Selenium standalone server started at http://XXX.XX.X.X:51473/wd/hub
[13:51:36] E/launcher - unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed.
  (unknown error: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
  (The process started from chrome location /opt/google/chrome/chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)
Build info: version: '3.141.59', revision: 'e82be7d358', time: '2018-11-14T08:25:53'
System info: host: '8bc3b606ae46', ip: 'XXX.XX.X.X', os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '4.19.76-linuxkit', java.version: '1.8.0_242'
Driver info: driver.version: unknown
remote stacktrace: #0 0x5584b6f867a9 <unknown>

[13:51:36] E/launcher - WebDriverError: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed.
  (unknown error: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
  (The process started from chrome location /opt/google/chrome/chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)
Build info: version: '3.141.59', revision: 'e82be7d358', time: '2018-11-14T08:25:53'
System info: host: '8bc3b606ae46', ip: 'XXX.XX.X.X', os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '4.19.76-linuxkit', java.version: '1.8.0_242'
Driver info: driver.version: unknown
remote stacktrace: #0 0x5584b6f867a9 <unknown>

    at Object.checkLegacyResponse (/src/node_modules/selenium-webdriver/lib/error.js:546:15)
    at parseHttpResponse (/src/node_modules/selenium-webdriver/lib/http.js:509:13)
    at /src/node_modules/selenium-webdriver/lib/http.js:441:30
    at processTicksAndRejections (internal/process/task_queues.js:97:5)
From: Task: WebDriver.createSession()
    at Function.createSession (/src/node_modules/selenium-webdriver/lib/webdriver.js:769:24)
    at Function.createSession (/src/node_modules/selenium-webdriver/chrome.js:761:15)
    at createDriver (/src/node_modules/selenium-webdriver/index.js:170:33)
    at Builder.build (/src/node_modules/selenium-webdriver/index.js:626:16)
    at Local.getNewDriver (/src/node_modules/protractor/built/driverProviders/driverProvider.js:53:33)
    at Runner.createBrowser (/src/node_modules/protractor/built/runner.js:195:43)
    at /src/node_modules/protractor/built/runner.js:339:29
    at _fulfilled (/src/node_modules/q/q.js:834:54)
    at /src/node_modules/q/q.js:863:30
    at Promise.promise.promiseDispatch (/src/node_modules/q/q.js:796:13)
[13:51:36] E/launcher - Process exited with error code 199
npm ERR! Test failed.  See above for more details.

Answer 1

此错误消息...

[13:51:36] E/launcher - unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed.
  (unknown error: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
  (The process started from chrome location /opt/google/chrome/chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)
Build info: version: '3.141.59', revision: 'e82be7d358', time: '2018-11-14T08:25:53'
System info: host: '8bc3b606ae46', ip: 'XXX.XX.X.X', os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '4.19.76-linuxkit', java.version: '1.8.0_242'
Driver info: driver.version: unknown
remote stacktrace: #0 0x5584b6f867a9 <unknown>

...暗示 ChromeDriver v80.0 无法在 适用于 Chrome (80.0) 的 Docker 映像中启动/生成新的浏览上下文。

---

根据WebDriver 80.0.3987.16 can't open Chrome on Linux@triciac 的讨论，ChromeDriver v80.0 的实现按以下顺序查找 Chrome：

1. locations->push_back(base::FilePath("/usr/local/sbin"));
2. locations->push_back(base::FilePath("/usr/local/bin"));
3. locations->push_back(base::FilePath("/usr/sbin"));
4. locations->push_back(base::FilePath("/usr/bin"));
5. locations->push_back(base::FilePath("/sbin"));
6. locations->push_back(base::FilePath("/bin"));
7. 位置->push_back(base::FilePath("/opt/google/chrome")); // 最后尝试使用默认安装位置。

@johnchen 证实，Linux 上的二进制搜索顺序被r708243 意外更改，这是为了更容易配置 Chrome 二进制文件的名称，但意外也更改了搜索顺序。

ChromeDriver 团队已更新 ChromeDriver 以通过此revision / commit 解决此问题。

---

解决方案

上述解决方案适用于：

• ChromeDriver v80.0.3987.106
• ChromeDriver v81.0.4044.20

---

临时解决方案

临时解决方案是使用 binary_location 属性，您可以在 Selenium: WebDriverException:Chrome failed to start: crashed as google-chrome is no longer running so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed

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