.clojure.lein.swp：尝试安装 Leiningen 后权限被拒绝错误

Question

对于我的一门 CS 课程，我们正在学习 Clojure，为了做到这一点，我们当然需要设置我们的计算机，以便它们可以运行 Clojure。我的教授的指示如下：

“如果您想要一个不错的 Clojure IDE，我推荐以下内容：

1. 安装 Java 开发工具包 (JDK) 最新版本

2. 安装 Leiningen：leiningen.org

3. 安装 IntelliJ IDEA。安装后，安装 Clojure 语法高亮的“Cursive”插件。”

首先，如果这对我有帮助的话，我在 macOS Sierra 上。我已经安装了JDK，所以我直接进入第二步：安装leiningen。根据网站上列出的安装 leiningen 的说明，我下载了 lein 脚本，并将其移至 ~/bin。然后我尝试了chmod a+x ~/bin/lein，它并没有真正做任何事情，或者至少我没有被告知它做了任何事情。

leiningen.org 的下一步是运行脚本，所以我使用了运行的 ./lein，但是当我在终端中输入 lein 时，终端提示我：-bash: /usr/local/bin/lein: No such file or directory。然后我尝试了很多不同的方法来尝试让 lein 工作，但最后我最终使用了 brew install leiningen，我应该首先这样做，但完全忘记了我安装了自制软件。

我真的不记得这是什么时候开始发生的，但每次我打开一个新的终端窗口时都会受到欢迎：

Last login: Tue Oct 18 16:46:04 on ttys000
.clojure.lein.swp: Permission denied
Michaels-MacBook-Air:~ Michael$

终端似乎仍然可以正常工作，但.clojure.lein.swp: Permission denied 真的很困扰我，我不知道如何解决它。我试过卸载 leiningen，但似乎没有用。如果它有帮助，这是我试图让 leiningen 工作时的终端历史：

389  cd /Users/Michael/Documents/
390  chmod a+x ~/bin/lein
391  chmod a+x ~/bin/lein.txt
392  chmod a+x /lein
393  chmod a+x ~ /lein
394  chmod a+x ~/lein
395  chmod a+x ~/Documents/lein
396  chmod a+x ~/Documents/lein.txt
397  ./lein
398  cd ~/bin
399  cd bin
400  ls
401  chmod a+x ~/Documents/lein.txt
402  chmod a+x ~/Documents/lein
403  lein
404  cd ~
405  pwd
406  (chmod a+x ~/lein)
407  (chmod a+x ~/lein.txt)
408  lein.txt
409  ./lein.txt
410  lein -version
411  lein help $TASK
412  lein
413  lein new app my-stuff
414  -o
415  ./lein
416  ./lein.txt
417  lein help
418  lein help $TASK
419  echo $PATH
420  (chmod a+x ~/lein)
421  lein
422  $echo $PATH
423  cd /bin
424  pwd
425  cd /usr/local/bin/
426  chmod a+x ~/bin/lein
427  chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/lein.txt
428  ./lein.txt
429  lein
430  lein
431  lein self-install
432  .//Users/Michael/.lein/self-installs/leiningen-2.7.1-standalone.jar
433  cd /Users/Michael/.lein/self-installs/
434  pwd
435  ls
436  ./leiningen-2.7.1-standalone.jar
437  sudo ./leiningen-2.7.1-standalone.jar
438  lein
439  echo $PATH
440  mkdr /Applications/clojure
441  mkdir /Applications/clojure
442  cd /Applications/clojure
443  sudo curl-o
444  sudo curl-O
445  sudo curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/technomancy/leiningen/stable/bin/lein
446  sudo chmod a+x lein
447  cd /etc/paths.d/
448  sudo vi clojure.lein
449  echo $PATH
450  sudo vi clojure.lein
451  echo $PATH
452  lein
453  lein repl

Answer 1

从您的 shell 命令历史来看，您一直在以 root (sudo vi clojure.lein) 身份编辑 clojure.lein 文件。关闭vi 并删除.clojure.lein.swp 文件（如果存在）（以root 身份使用sudo）。

Answer 2

以下是设置基本环境以在 Clojure 中使用 lein 的步骤。为 Ubuntu linux 上的新用户帐户执行。在 OSX 上应该差不多：

# Create a new user and login to the new account
> sudo adduser cljuser
Adding user `cljuser'
<snip>
~/cool/notes > sudo su - cljuser

# Starting with a new, empty user account.  Define a useful alias
cljuser@brandy:~$ alias d="ls -ldF"

# Display where I have java installed on this computer
cljuser@brandy:~$ d /opt/*
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   11 Feb  1  2016 /opt/java -> jdk1.8.0_72/
drwxr-xr-x  8 alan alan 4096 Dec 22  2015 /opt/jdk1.8.0_72/

# Set up env var for java, and augment the path to find the java executable file
cljuser@brandy:~$ export JAVA_HOME=/opt/java
cljuser@brandy:~$ export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH} 
cljuser@brandy:~$ java -version
java version "1.8.0_72"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_72-b15)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.72-b15, mixed mode)

# We will install the lein shell script launcher in ~/bin
cljuser@brandy:~$ mkdir ~/bin
cljuser@brandy:~$ d ~/bin
drwxrwxr-x 2 cljuser cljuser 4096 Oct 18 20:16 /home/cljuser/bin/
cljuser@brandy:~$ cd bin
cljuser@brandy:~/bin$ curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/technomancy/leiningen/stable/bin/lein > lein
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100 12871  100 12871    0     0  48805      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 48939

# We have the script, but need to make it executable
cljuser@brandy:~/bin$ d *
-rw-rw-r-- 1 cljuser cljuser 12871 Oct 18 20:16 lein
cljuser@brandy:~/bin$ chmod a+x lein 
cljuser@brandy:~/bin$ d *
-rwxrwxr-x 1 cljuser cljuser 12871 Oct 18 20:16 lein*

# Update to path so lein will run from any location
cljuser@brandy:~/bin$ cd
cljuser@brandy:~$ export PATH=~/bin:${PATH} 
cljuser@brandy:~$ which lein
/home/cljuser/bin/lein

# First time downloads the actual "lein" executable. 2nd & later runs skip the download
cljuser@brandy:~$ lein --version
Downloading Leiningen to /home/cljuser/.lein/self-installs/leiningen-2.7.1-standalone.jar now...
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   605    0   605    0     0    928      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--   927
100 14.6M  100 14.6M    0     0  1583k      0  0:00:09  0:00:09 --:--:-- 2015k
Leiningen 2.7.1 on Java 1.8.0_72 Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM
cljuser@brandy:~$ lein --version
Leiningen 2.7.1 on Java 1.8.0_72 Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM

# We are in the home dir, but we could still run lein
cljuser@brandy:~$ d *
drwxrwxr-x 2 cljuser cljuser 4096 Oct 18 20:16 bin/
-rw-r--r-- 1 cljuser cljuser 8980 Oct 18 20:13 examples.desktop

# create a new Clojure project named "sample" and run it
cljuser@brandy:~$ lein new app sample
Generating a project called sample based on the 'app' template.
cljuser@brandy:~$ cd sample

# first run downloads some *.jar files
cljuser@brandy:~/sample$ lein run
Retrieving org/clojure/clojure/1.8.0/clojure-1.8.0.pom from central
Retrieving org/sonatype/oss/oss-parent/7/oss-parent-7.pom from central
Retrieving org/clojure/tools.nrepl/0.2.12/tools.nrepl-0.2.12.pom from central
Retrieving org/clojure/pom.contrib/0.1.2/pom.contrib-0.1.2.pom from central
Retrieving clojure-complete/clojure-complete/0.2.4/clojure-complete-0.2.4.pom from clojars
Retrieving org/clojure/tools.nrepl/0.2.12/tools.nrepl-0.2.12.jar from central
Retrieving org/clojure/clojure/1.8.0/clojure-1.8.0.jar from central
Retrieving clojure-complete/clojure-complete/0.2.4/clojure-complete-0.2.4.jar from clojars
Hello, World!

# 2nd & later runs skip download
cljuser@brandy:~/sample$ lein run
Hello, World!

# All finished! Enjoy!