HashMap 也适用于字符串和整数以外的键,读取复杂度为 O(1)(取决于您自己的哈希函数的质量)。
您可以自己制作一个简单的 hashMap。 hashMap 所做的是使用哈希作为索引/键将项目存储在数组中。哈希函数偶尔会发生冲突(不经常发生,但它们可能会发生),因此您必须在 hashMap 中为一个条目存储多个项目。这么简单就是一个hashMap:
class IEqualityComparer {
public function equals($x, $y) {
throw new Exception("Not implemented!");
}
public function getHashCode($obj) {
throw new Exception("Not implemented!");
}
}
class HashMap {
private $map = array();
private $comparer;
public function __construct(IEqualityComparer $keyComparer) {
$this->comparer = $keyComparer;
}
public function has($key) {
$hash = $this->comparer->getHashCode($key);
if (!isset($this->map[$hash])) {
return false;
}
foreach ($this->map[$hash] as $item) {
if ($this->comparer->equals($item['key'], $key)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
public function get($key) {
$hash = $this->comparer->getHashCode($key);
if (!isset($this->map[$hash])) {
return false;
}
foreach ($this->map[$hash] as $item) {
if ($this->comparer->equals($item['key'], $key)) {
return $item['value'];
}
}
return false;
}
public function del($key) {
$hash = $this->comparer->getHashCode($key);
if (!isset($this->map[$hash])) {
return false;
}
foreach ($this->map[$hash] as $index => $item) {
if ($this->comparer->equals($item['key'], $key)) {
unset($this->map[$hash][$index]);
if (count($this->map[$hash]) == 0)
unset($this->map[$hash]);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
public function put($key, $value) {
$hash = $this->comparer->getHashCode($key);
if (!isset($this->map[$hash])) {
$this->map[$hash] = array();
}
$newItem = array('key' => $key, 'value' => $value);
foreach ($this->map[$hash] as $index => $item) {
if ($this->comparer->equals($item['key'], $key)) {
$this->map[$hash][$index] = $newItem;
return;
}
}
$this->map[$hash][] = $newItem;
}
}
为了让它起作用,你还需要一个哈希函数作为你的键和一个比较器来判断相等(如果你只有几个项目或出于其他原因不需要速度,你可以让哈希函数返回 0;所有项目将放在同一个桶中,您将获得 O(N) 复杂度)
这是一个例子:
class IntArrayComparer extends IEqualityComparer {
public function equals($x, $y) {
if (count($x) !== count($y))
return false;
foreach ($x as $key => $value) {
if (!isset($y[$key]) || $y[$key] !== $value)
return false;
}
return true;
}
public function getHashCode($obj) {
$hash = 0;
foreach ($obj as $key => $value)
$hash ^= $key ^ $value;
return $hash;
}
}
$hashmap = new HashMap(new IntArrayComparer());
for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) {
for ($j = 0; $j < 10; $j++) {
$hashmap->put(array($i, $j), $i * 10 + $j);
}
}
echo $hashmap->get(array(3, 7)) . "<br/>";
echo $hashmap->get(array(5, 1)) . "<br/>";
echo ($hashmap->has(array(8, 4))? 'true': 'false') . "<br/>";
echo ($hashmap->has(array(-1, 9))? 'true': 'false') . "<br/>";
echo ($hashmap->has(array(6))? 'true': 'false') . "<br/>";
echo ($hashmap->has(array(1, 2, 3))? 'true': 'false') . "<br/>";
$hashmap->del(array(8, 4));
echo ($hashmap->has(array(8, 4))? 'true': 'false') . "<br/>";
作为输出给出:
37
51
true
false
false
false
false