如何使用 redux-thunk 和 TypeScript 调度 ThunkAction

Question

我在使用 Typescript 调度 redux-thunk 操作时遇到问题。

import { AnyAction, applyMiddleware, createStore } from 'redux'
import thunk, { ThunkAction } from 'redux-thunk'

interface State {
  counter: number
}

const initialState: State = {
  counter: 10
}

function reducer(state = initialState, action: AnyAction) {
  switch (action.type) {
    case 'increment':
      return { counter: action.payload }
    default:
      return state
  }
}

function increment(): ThunkAction<void, State, unknown, AnyAction> {
  return async function (dispatch) {
    dispatch({
      type: 'increment',
      payload: 20
    })
  }
}

const store = createStore(reducer, applyMiddleware(thunk))

store.dispatch(increment())

这是我收到的错误：

Argument of type 'ThunkAction<void, State, unknown, AnyAction>' is not assignable to parameter of type 'AnyAction'.
  Property 'type' is missing in type 'ThunkAction<void, State, unknown, AnyAction>' but required in type 'AnyAction'.

我尝试了多种不同的操作类型，例如自定义界面、操作等，但没有任何效果。

Answer 1

默认的dispatch 类型不知道thunk，因为“base redux”类型不是很强大。因此，您必须手动将其转换为 ThunkDispatch：

(store.dispatch as ThunkDispatch<State, unknown, AnyAction>)(increment())

就像 PSA：您在此处编写的 redux 类型（带有手写动作、动作类型、switch-case 语句和 reducer 中的不可变逻辑的 vanilla redux）不再是“官方推荐的写作方法”还原。 请查看redux toolkit 并最好关注官方最新的redux tutorials，因为您很可能关注的是一个非常过时的。

Redux Toolkit 也是一个很多更容易使用的工具，特别是 TypeScript（如果你使用它，store.dispatch 将有正确的类型；））

Answer 2

对于那些在使用 thunk 和 hooks 时难以处理调度功能的人来说，这只是一个建议。

这是一个我正在做什么来管理身份验证状态的示例，从 graphql 服务器获取数据。定义调度类型type IAppDispatch = ThunkDispatch<IAppState, any, IAppActions>;时神奇来了

store.ts

import { applyMiddleware, combineReducers, compose, createStore } from "redux";
import thunkMiddleware, { ThunkDispatch, ThunkMiddleware } from "redux-thunk";
import { authReducer } from "./reducers/authReducers";
import { IAuthActions } from "./types/authTypes";

const composeEnhancers =
    process.env.NODE_ENV === "development"
        ? (window as any).__REDUX_DEVTOOLS_EXTENSION_COMPOSE__ || compose
        : compose;

const rootReducer = combineReducers({
    authReducer,
});

type IAppActions = IAuthActions; <-- merge here other actions
type IAppState = ReturnType<typeof rootReducer>;
type IAppDispatch = ThunkDispatch<IAppState, any, IAppActions>; <--here is the magic

const reduxStore = createStore(
    rootReducer,
    composeEnhancers(
        applyMiddleware<IAppDispatch, any>(
            thunkMiddleware as ThunkMiddleware<IAppState, IAppActions, any>
        )
    )
);

export { reduxStore, IAppState, IAppDispatch, IAppActions };

authActions（动作创建者和调度 thunk 动作）

import { Dispatch } from "redux";
import {
    loginMutation,
    logoutMutation,
} from "../../components/DataComponents/Authentification/fetchAuthentification";
import { GqlSessionUser } from "../../components/DataComponents/generatedTypes";
import {
    IAuthActions,
    IAuthErrorAction,
    IAuthLoadingAction,
    IAuthLoginAction,
    IAuthLogoutAction,
} from "../types/authTypes";

const authLogin = (appUserId: GqlSessionUser): IAuthLoginAction => {
    return {
        type: "AUTH_LOGIN",
        payload: {
            appUserId,
        },
    };
};

const authLogout = (): IAuthLogoutAction => {
    return {
        type: "AUTH_LOGOUT",
    };
};

const authLoadingAction = (isLoading: boolean): IAuthLoadingAction => {
    return {
        type: "AUTH_LOADING",
        payload: {
            isLoading,
        },
    };
};

const authErrorAction = (errorMessage: string): IAuthErrorAction => {
    return {
        type: "AUTH_ERROR",
        payload: {
            errorMessage,
        },
    };
};


const authLoginAction = (idOrEmail: string) => {
    return async (dispatch: Dispatch<IAuthActions>) => {
        dispatch(authLoadingAction(true));
        const { data, errors } = await loginMutation(idOrEmail); <--fetch data from GraphQl

        if (data) {
            dispatch(authLogin(data.login.data[0]));
        }
        if (errors) {
            dispatch(authErrorAction(errors[0].message));
        }

        dispatch(authLoadingAction(false));

        return true;
    };
};

const authLogoutAction = () => {
    return async (dispatch: Dispatch<IAuthActions>) => {
        dispatch(authLoadingAction(true));
        await logoutMutation(); <--fetch data from GraphQl
        dispatch(authLogout());
        dispatch(authLoadingAction(false));

        return true;
    };
};

export {
    authLoginAction,
    authLogoutAction,
    authLoadingAction,
    authErrorAction,
};

使用状态并通过 useDispatch 分派异步操作的组件示例

请不要将 dispatch 键入为 IAppDispatch，尽管它是从 react-redux 导入的

    import React from "react";
import { useDispatch, useSelector } from "react-redux";
import {
    authLoginAction,
    authLogoutAction,
} from "../../../stateManagement/actions/authActions";
import { IAppDispatch, IAppState } from "../../../stateManagement/reduxStore";
import Button from "../../Button";

const Authentification: React.FC = (): JSX.Element => {
        const dispatch: IAppDispatch = useDispatch(); <--typing here avoid "type missing" error

        const isAuth = useSelector<IAppState>((state) => state.authReducer.isAuth);
    
        const authenticate = async (idOrEmail: string): Promise<void> => {
            if (!isAuth) {
                dispatch(authLoginAction(idOrEmail)); <--dispatch async action through thunk
            } else {
                dispatch(authLogoutAction()); <--dispatch async action through thunk
            }
        };
    
        return (
            <Button
                style={{
                    backgroundColor: "inherit",
                    color: "#FFFF",
                }}
                onClick={() => authenticate("jerome_altariba@carrefour.com")}
            >
                {isAuth && <p>Logout</p>}
                {!isAuth && <p>Login</p>}
            </Button>
        );
    };
    export { Authentification };

Answer 3

我最近在尝试从 HOC 连接升级我的应用程序以使用挂钩时遇到了这个问题。由于我没有使用redux-toolkit（出于历史原因），因此如何正确使用打字稿有点令人困惑。该解决方案基于一些带有打字稿模板的旧create-react-app。我已经完成了似乎正在工作的事情：

store.ts

import { AnyAction } from 'redux';
import { TypedUseSelectorHook, useDispatch, useSelector } from 'react-redux';
import { ThunkDispatch } from 'redux-thunk';

export interface ApplicationState { 
    sliceName: SliceType
    // other store slices
}

export interface AppThunkAction<TAction> {
    (dispatch: (action: TAction) => void, getState: () => ApplicationState): void;
}

export const useStoreSelector: TypedUseSelectorHook<ApplicationState> = useSelector;
export const useStoreDispatch = () => useDispatch<ThunkDispatch<ApplicationState, unknown, AnyAction>>();

storeSlice.ts

import { AppThunkAction } from './index';

export interface StandardReduxAction { type: 'STANDARD_REDUX' }
export interface ReduxThunkAction { type: 'REDUX_THUNK', data: unknown }

interface SliceNameActions {
    standardRedux: (show: boolean) => StandardReduxAction;
    reduxThunk: () => AppThunkAction<ReduxThunkAction>;
}

export const SliceNameActionCreators: SliceNameActions = {

    standardRedux: (): StandardReduxAction => { type: StandardReduxAction };

    reduxThunk: (): AppThunkAction<ReduxThunkAction> => async (dispatch, getState): Promise<void> => {
                    
        let response = await asyncCallSomewhere();
        dispatch({ type: ReduxThunkAction, data: response });
    }
}

anyComponent.tsx

import { useStoreDispatch } from 'store';
import { SliceNameActionCreators } from 'storeSlice';

const dispatch = useStoreDispatch();

const dispatchStandardRedux = () => dispatch(SliceNameActionCreators.standardRedux());
const dispatchReduxThunk = () => dispatch(SliceNameActionCreators.reduxThunk());

目前推荐使用打字稿设置React-Redux的方法是使用Redux Toolkit，可以在here找到指南。