有没有办法让我的 blit 在第一次迭代后重复自己？

Question

如果任何对 pygames 有基本了解的人可以帮助我解决我目前面临的问题，那就太好了。对于你们那里的绝对神来说，这应该不会太难。

我的代码目前存在问题。

我正在尝试制作一个简单的游戏，其中程序显示一个随机字母，用户必须在该字母到达页面底部之前输入该字母。

我有在随机列中显示随机字母的代码，但是，一旦字母到达底部，我只有程序打印“结束”然后退出程序。

我无法理解如何进一步开发代码。这是现在的代码：

import os                                                           # 
os.environ['SDL_VIDEO_WINDOW_POS'] = "%d,%d" % (1335,330)           # sets the coordinates so that the window pops up in the lower right side of the screen (1600x900 screen)

import pygame                                                       # pygame is the platform im using
import random                                                       # random needs to be imported for the random letters and columns
pygame.init()                                                       # initializes pygame

win = pygame.display.set_mode((260, 527))                           # size of the window ,screenwidth = 260, screenheight = 527

pygame.display.set_caption("Daveypoo is King")                      # title of the window

clock = pygame.time.Clock()                                         # used for frame rate

bg = pygame.image.load('phone3cropped.jpg')                         # background picture upload

qp = pygame.image.load('q.png')                                     # uploads pictures of the letters (use paint, 50x50 pixels, black, 1 pixel outline, font = 36)
wp = pygame.image.load('w.png')                                     # ^
ep = pygame.image.load('e.png')                                     # ^
ap = pygame.image.load('a.png')                                     # ^
sp = pygame.image.load('s.png')                                     # ^
dp = pygame.image.load('d.png')                                     # ^
jp = pygame.image.load('j.png')                                     # ^
kp = pygame.image.load('k.png')                                     # ^
lp = pygame.image.load('l.png')                                     # ^

letterlist = [qp,wp,ep,ap,sp,dp,jp,kp,lp]                           # creates a list of letter images
randletter = random.choice(letterlist)                              # randomizes the list of images^

class player():                                                     # creates letter instance
    def __init__(self, x,y,width,height,end):                       # initializes the list
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.width = width
        self.height = height 
        self.path = [self.y, 415]                                   # creates the path that the letters will travel
        self.vel = 1                                                # this is where the velocity of the letters is set                                
        self.hitbox = (self.x, self.y, 50, 50)                      # creates the hitbox for the letter pictures (no need to change for now -- 50x50 is good)

    def move(self, win):                                            # creates the movement for the letters
        if self.vel > 0:                                            
            if self.y + self.vel < self.path[1] :                   # if the bottom of the letter is less than the end, then:
                self.y += self.vel                                  # keep going
            else:                                                   # if not:
                self.vel = 0                                        # stop moving
        else:                                                       # if the bottom of the letter is at the end, then
            print('end')
            quit()
            #redrawGameWindow()
                                                                    # this is where the action to make a new letter has to go


class greenzone(object):                                            # creates the zone (greenzone) where the player should get the letter in
    def __init__(self,x,y,width,height):                            # initializes it
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.hitbox = (16, 342, 228, 66)                            # first two letters are top left (x,y) coordinate of the zone, next is width, next is height

    # def hit(self):
        # print('hit')

def redrawGameWindow():
    win.blit(bg, (0,0))                                             # diplays the background image, coordinates of top left 
    win.blit(randletter, pygame.draw.rect(win, (255, 255, 255), (letters.x, letters.y, letters.width, letters.height))) # displays the letters going down the page (letters.x, letters.y, letters.width, letters.height)
    # win.blit(randletter, pygame.draw.rect(win, (255, 255, 255), (letters.x, letters.y, letters.width, letters.height)))
    letters.move(win)                                              # calls upon the movement of the letters -- makes them move
    # for letter in letters:
        # letter.draw(win)

    #pygame.draw.rect(win, (255,0,0), (16, 342, 228, 66), 2)        # this shows the hitbox of the greenzone if needed
    pygame.display.update()                                         # idk what this does -- but it is needed

### mainloop
abc_list = [27,106,185]                                             # this is the list of the starting positions of the letters (top left)
rand = random.choice(abc_list)                                      # takes a random starting position of the letters 
letters = player(rand,56,50,50,415)                                 # instances the letters to start 
#letters = []                                                        # apparently creates a list of the the letters -- used to initialize and create new letters 
target = greenzone(18,343,228,67)                                   # sets the hitbox of the greenzone 

run = True
while run:

    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            run = False
            exit()

    # for letter in letters:
        # if letter.x < 500 and letter.x > 0:
            # letter.x += letter.vel
        # else:
            # letters.pop(letters.index(letter))

    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()

    if keys[pygame.K_q] and randletter == qp:
        if letters.y < target.hitbox[1] + target.hitbox[3]:    
            if letters.y + letters.height > target.hitbox[1]:
                print('hit')
            else:
                print('fail')
        else:
            print('fail')

    if keys[pygame.K_w] and randletter == wp:            
        if letters.y < target.hitbox[1] + target.hitbox[3]:    
            if letters.y + letters.height > target.hitbox[1]:
                print('hit')
            else:
                print('fail')
        else:
            print('fail')

    if keys[pygame.K_e] and randletter == ep:
        if letters.y < target.hitbox[1] + target.hitbox[3]:    
            if letters.y + letters.height > target.hitbox[1]:
                print('hit')
            else:
                print('fail')
        else:
            print('fail')

    if keys[pygame.K_a] and randletter == ap:
        if letters.y < target.hitbox[1] + target.hitbox[3]:    
            if letters.y + letters.height > target.hitbox[1]:
                print('hit')
            else:
                print('fail')
        else:
            print('fail')

    if keys[pygame.K_s] and randletter == sp:
        if letters.y < target.hitbox[1] + target.hitbox[3]:    
            if letters.y + letters.height > target.hitbox[1]:
                print('hit')
            else:
                print('fail')
        else:
            print('fail')

    if keys[pygame.K_d] and randletter == dp:
        if letters.y < target.hitbox[1] + target.hitbox[3]:    
            if letters.y + letters.height > target.hitbox[1]:
                print('hit')
            else:
                print('fail')
        else:
            print('fail')

    if keys[pygame.K_j] and randletter == jp:
        if letters.y < target.hitbox[1] + target.hitbox[3]:    
            if letters.y + letters.height > target.hitbox[1]:
                print('hit')
            else:
                print('fail')
        else:
            print('fail')

    if keys[pygame.K_k] and randletter == kp:
        if letters.y < target.hitbox[1] + target.hitbox[3]:    
            if letters.y + letters.height > target.hitbox[1]:
                print('hit')
            else:
                print('fail')
        else:
            print('fail')

    if keys[pygame.K_l] and randletter == lp:
        if letters.y < target.hitbox[1] + target.hitbox[3]:    
            if letters.y + letters.height > target.hitbox[1]:
                print('hit')
            else:
                print('fail')
        else:
            print('fail')

    redrawGameWindow()


pygame.quit()

我知道这是很多代码，我尝试在其中添加尽可能多的注释，以帮助阅读本文的任何人理解我的心态。

对此的任何和所有帮助都会很棒。我知道我做错了很多——我几天前才开始这样做。感谢您的任何意见，非常感谢！

Answer 1

根据您提供的其他信息：

我面临的主要/总体问题是，一旦这封信 触底，我希望它重新做一个新的“迭代” 新列中的随机字母，并继续重复。最终，我 希望程序只允许 5 个“生命”，如果他们搞砸了 超过 5 次，他们可以选择重新启动或退出 程序。

除此之外，我未来对这段代码的期望是允许用户选择出现在 屏幕。但我个人相信我可以编写代码 一旦我重复了整个代码（就像我刚刚描述的那样 以上）

我不得不将碰撞检测算法移出按键部分。我还清理了代码以将每个部分分成自己的函数。我对类还不太熟悉，所以我不知道如何处理 target = greenzone(..) - 这也可能是我使用 global 的原因

update()、init()、main() 很简单。 dropLetter() 是您正在寻找的功能。在 updateInput() 中，randLetterIndex 用于更有效地检查按下的键是否是您需要的，我仍然感到震惊 Python 没有 switch() 语句，所以这就是我想出的解决方法. checkCollision() - 我尽量保持原样，因为我不确定你未来对这款游戏的计划。我确实在 else 语句中添加了很多内容，包括将 quit() 语句移到此处

import os                                                           # 
os.environ['SDL_VIDEO_WINDOW_POS'] = "%d,%d" % (1335,330)           # sets the coordinates so that the window pops up in the lower right side of the screen (1600x900 screen)

import pygame                                                       # pygame is the platform im using
import random                                                       # random needs to be imported for the random letters and columns
pygame.init()                                                       # initializes pygame

win = pygame.display.set_mode((260, 527))                           # size of the window ,screenwidth = 260, screenheight = 527

pygame.display.set_caption("Daveypoo is King")                      # title of the window

clock = pygame.time.Clock()                                         # used for frame rate

bg = pygame.image.load('phone3cropped.jpg')                         # background picture upload

qp = pygame.image.load('q.png')                                     # uploads pictures of the letters (use paint, 50x50 pixels, black, 1 pixel outline, font = 36)
wp = pygame.image.load('w.png')                                     # ^
ep = pygame.image.load('e.png')                                     # ^
ap = pygame.image.load('a.png')                                     # ^
sp = pygame.image.load('s.png')                                     # ^
dp = pygame.image.load('d.png')                                     # ^
jp = pygame.image.load('j.png')                                     # ^
kp = pygame.image.load('k.png')                                     # ^
lp = pygame.image.load('l.png')                                     # ^

letterlist = [qp,wp,ep,ap,sp,dp,jp,kp,lp]                           # creates a list of letter images
pygameKeyList = [pygame.K_q, pygame.K_w, pygame.K_e, pygame.K_a, pygame.K_s, pygame.K_d, pygame.K_j, pygame.K_k, pygame.K_l]
random.seed()                                                  # seed the RNG
abc_list = [27,106,185]                                             # this is the list of the starting positions of the letters (top left)
lives = 5                                                      # 5 lives to start
userPressingKey = False                                        # if user is currenlty pressing the key of the currently chosen letter
run = False

class player():                                                     # creates letter instance
    def __init__(self, x,y,width,height,end):                       # initializes the list
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.width = width
        self.height = height 
        self.path = [self.y, 415]                                   # creates the path that the letters will travel
        self.vel = 1                                                # this is where the velocity of the letters is set                                
        self.hitbox = (self.x, self.y, 50, 50)                      # creates the hitbox for the letter pictures (no need to change for now -- 50x50 is good)

    def move(self, win):                                            # creates the movement for the letters
        if self.vel > 0:                                            
            if self.y + self.vel < self.path[1] :                   # if the bottom of the letter is less than the end, then:
                self.y += self.vel                                  # keep going
            else:                                                   # if not:
                self.vel = 0                                        # stop moving
#        else:                                                       # if the bottom of the letter is at the end, then
#            print('end')
#            quit()
            #redrawGameWindow()
                                                                    # this is where the action to make a new letter has to go


class greenzone(object):                                            # creates the zone (greenzone) where the player should get the letter in
    def __init__(self,x,y,width,height):                            # initializes it
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.hitbox = (16, 342, 228, 66)                            # first two letters are top left (x,y) coordinate of the zone, next is width, next is height

    # def hit(self):
        # print('hit')

def redrawGameWindow():
    win.blit(bg, (0,0))                                             # diplays the background image, coordinates of top left 
    win.blit(letterlist[randLetterIndex], pygame.draw.rect(win, (255, 255, 255), (letters.x, letters.y, letters.width, letters.height))) # displays the letters going down the page (letters.x, letters.y, letters.width, letters.height)
    # win.blit(randletter, pygame.draw.rect(win, (255, 255, 255), (letters.x, letters.y, letters.width, letters.height)))
    letters.move(win)                                              # calls upon the movement of the letters -- makes them move
    # for letter in letters:
        # letter.draw(win)

    #pygame.draw.rect(win, (255,0,0), (16, 342, 228, 66), 2)        # this shows the hitbox of the greenzone if needed
    pygame.display.update()                                         # idk what this does -- but it is needed

def dropLetter():
    #global randletter
    global letters, rand, randLetterIndex
    randLetterIndex = random.randrange(0,len(letterlist))
#    randletter = letterlist[randLetterIndex]                              # randomizes the list of images^
    rand = random.choice(abc_list)                                      # takes a random starting position of the letters 
    letters = player(rand,56,50,50,415)                                 # instances the letters to start 
    #letters = []                                                        # apparently creates a list of the the letters -- used to initialize and create new letters 

def checkCollision():
    global run, lives
    if letters.y < target.hitbox[1] + target.hitbox[3]:    
        if userPressingKey:
            if letters.y + letters.height > target.hitbox[1]:            
                print('hit')
            else:
                print('fail')
    else:
        print('fail hard')
        lives -= 1
        print("lives:",lives)
        if(lives <= 0):
            print('end')
            run = False
            quit()
        dropLetter()

def updateInput():
    global userPressingKey

    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()

    if(keys[pygameKeyList[randLetterIndex]]):
        userPressingKey = True
    else:
        userPressingKey = False


    # if keys[pygame.K_q] and randletter == qp:
    #     checkCollision()

    # if keys[pygame.K_w] and randletter == wp:            
    #     checkCollision()

    # if keys[pygame.K_e] and randletter == ep:
    #     checkCollision()

    # if keys[pygame.K_a] and randletter == ap:
    #     checkCollision()

    # if keys[pygame.K_s] and randletter == sp:
    #     checkCollision()

    # if keys[pygame.K_d] and randletter == dp:
    #     checkCollision()

    # if keys[pygame.K_j] and randletter == jp:
    #     checkCollision()

    # if keys[pygame.K_k] and randletter == kp:
    #     checkCollision()

    # if keys[pygame.K_l] and randletter == lp:
    #     checkCollision()

    # for letter in letters:
        # if letter.x < 500 and letter.x > 0:
            # letter.x += letter.vel
        # else:
            # letters.pop(letters.index(letter))


def update():
    updateInput()
    checkCollision()

def init():
    dropLetter()

def main():
    global run
    init()

    ### mainloop
    run = True
    while run:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                run = False
                exit()
        update()
        redrawGameWindow()
        clock.tick(144)


target = greenzone(18,343,228,67)                                   # sets the hitbox of the greenzone 
main()
pygame.quit()