Powershell循环遍历文本文件并用冒号分割

Question

我有一个内容类似于以下的文本文件：

----------------------------------------
Title: Textbook
Client: ABC
----------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
Title: Comic book
Client: DEF
----------------------------------------

我想用冒号分割每一行，并将左侧存储在一个名为“Title”的变量中，将右侧存储在另一个变量中，依此类推......这样当我打印输出时，我会得到类似于以下内容的内容：

$Title has been sold to $Client

到目前为止，这是我的脚本。我在Powershell reading multiple variables from text file 中尝试了一些示例，但运气不佳，我似乎无法弄清楚我当前的脚本有什么问题。

$data = Get-Content "C:\Users\user\Downloads\test.log" | Where { $_ -notmatch '^-.*' -and $_ -notmatch '^\s*$' } 

$outputFromLoop = @() 
$data | foreach-object {

    $key, $value = ($_ -split ':',2).trim()
    $outputFromLoop[$key] = $value

}
$outputFromLoop

Answer 1

您可以将文件导入为 csv 并使用 : 作为分隔符

$content = Import-Csv C:\temp\file.txt -Delimiter : -Header Field1, Field2 | ? { $_.Field1 -notmatch "-+" }

$i = 0
while ($i -lt $csv.Count) {

  $title = $csv[$i++].Field2
  $client = $csv[$i++].Field2
  Write-output "$title sold to $client"
}

#Prints to console:
Textbook sold to ABC
Comic book sold to DEF

或者您可以读取文件并仅获取匹配的 Titles 和 Clients.. 然后对每个使用相同的索引以获得所需的输出。

$content = Get-Content C:\temp\file.txt

$Titles = $content -match "Title: " | % { $_ -replace "Title: ", "" }
$Clients = $content -match "Client: " | % { $_ -replace "Client: ", ""}

if ($Titles.Length -ne $Clients.Length) {
    Write-Output "Not the same"
}

$outputFromLoop = @{}
for($i = 0; $i -lt $titles.Length; $i++) {
    Write-Output "$($Titles[$i]) sold to $($Clients[$i])"
    $outputFromLoop[$Titles[$i]] = $Clients[$i]
}

# Prints the same
Textbook sold to ABC
Comic book sold to DEF

$outputFromLoop:
Name                           Value                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
----                           -----                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
Textbook                       ABC                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
Comic book                     DEF

当然，这在很大程度上依赖于您的文本文件将一个接一个地包含 Title 和 Client 的事实。

Answer 2

我会将文件读取为一个大的多行字符串，将其拆分为 ------ 行以获取单独的记录，进行一些格式更新（将冒号转换为等号并删除一些空格），然后使用 @ 987654322@ 制作您可以使用的对象。

$RawText = Get-Content C:\Path\To\File.txt -raw
$Sales = $RawText -split '(?:^|[\r\n])-+(?:[\r\n]|$)' -replace '(Title|Client):\s*','$1='|Where{$_}|ForEach-Object{New-Object PSObject -Property (ConvertFrom-StringData $_)}
$Sales | ForEach-Object {
    "{0} was sold to {1}" -f $_.Title, $_.Client
}

结果：

Textbook was sold to ABC
Comic book was sold to DEF

它还为您提供了一组对象，您可以使用这些对象来跟踪每个客户的销售额，或查看谁购买了哪些商品。 （如$Sales | Group Client）。

Answer 3

这里还有另一种方法。 [grin] 这个使用命名的捕获组和 dotnet 正则表达式引擎的 (?ms) 多行和单行选项来解析文本块。

#region >>> fake reading in a text file as one multiline string
#    in real life, use Get-Content -Raw
$InStuff = @'
----------------------------------------
Title: Textbook
Client: ABC
----------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
Title: Comic book
Client: DEF
----------------------------------------
'@
#endregion >>> fake reading in a text file as one multiline string

# split by the lines of hyphens
$SplitInStuff = ($InStuff -split '-{1,}').
    # trim away the unwanted whitespace & non-printing chars
    Trim().
    # remove all the blank lines
    Where({$_})

$Results = foreach ($IS_Item in $SplitInStuff)
    {
    $Null = $IS_Item -match '(?ms)Title: (?<Title>.+)$.*Client: (?<Client>.+)'

    # send the object out to the $Results collection
    [PSCustomObject]@{
        Title = $Matches.Title
        Client = $Matches.Client
        }

    Write-Host ('{0} has been sold to {1}.' -f $Matches.Title, $Matches.Client)
    Write-Host ('=' * 10)
    }

# if you want only the screen display, then you can remove the "$Results = " and the next line
#    the would allow you to use the extracted info - perhaps save it to a CSV file
$Results

输出...

Textbook has been sold to ABC.
==========
Comic book has been sold to DEF.
==========

Title       Client
-----       ------
Textbook... ABC   
Comic bo... DEF

Answer 4

这是使用switch 语句的方法：

$hash = [ordered]@{}
switch -regex -file test.log {
  '^-+' { if ($hash.Count -ne 0) { 
            "{0} has been sold to {1}" -f $hash.Title,$hash.Client
          }
          $hash = [ordered]@{} 
  }
  '^([^:]+):(.+)' { $key,$value = $matches[1].Trim(),$matches[2].Trim()
                    $hash.Add($key,$value) 
  }
}

说明：

-regex 开关使用正则表达式匹配文件的每一行。 ^-+ 匹配以一个或多个 - 开头的任何行。 ^([^:]+):(.+) 匹配任何以非冒号字符开头、后跟冒号、后跟字符的行。第一组括号包括捕获组 1 ($matches[1])。第二组括号包含捕获组 2 ($matches[2])。

$matches 将填充在包含: 且不以- 开头的行上。每次到达以- 开头的行时，包含Client 和Title 的哈希表($hash) 将检索其值并以请求格式的字符串输出。然后重新初始化哈希表。