【问题标题】:Why doesn't the innerText of the span element changed while I use for of loop to modify the innerText?为什么我使用for of循环修改innerText时span元素的innerText没有改变?
【发布时间】:2021-09-20 14:24:27
【问题描述】:

const colors = ["green", "red", "rgba(133,122,200)", "#f15025"];
const colorIdentifier = document.querySelector('.color');
const button = document.getElementById('btn');


for (let color of colors) {
  loopButton();
}

function loopButton() {
  button.addEventListener('click', function() {
    colorIdentifier.innerText = color;
  })
};
/* * {
  border: 5px solid purple;
} */


/*
=============== 
Fonts
===============
*/

@import url("https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans|Roboto:400,700&display=swap");

/*
=============== 
Variables
===============
*/

:root {
  /* dark shades of primary color*/
  --clr-primary-1: hsl(205, 86%, 17%);
  --clr-primary-2: hsl(205, 77%, 27%);
  --clr-primary-3: hsl(205, 72%, 37%);
  --clr-primary-4: hsl(205, 63%, 48%);
  /* primary/main color */
  --clr-primary-5: hsl(205, 78%, 60%);
  /* lighter shades of primary color */
  --clr-primary-6: hsl(205, 89%, 70%);
  --clr-primary-7: hsl(205, 90%, 76%);
  --clr-primary-8: hsl(205, 86%, 81%);
  --clr-primary-9: hsl(205, 90%, 88%);
  --clr-primary-10: hsl(205, 100%, 96%);
  /* darkest grey - used for headings */
  --clr-grey-1: hsl(209, 61%, 16%);
  --clr-grey-2: hsl(211, 39%, 23%);
  --clr-grey-3: hsl(209, 34%, 30%);
  --clr-grey-4: hsl(209, 28%, 39%);
  /* grey used for paragraphs */
  --clr-grey-5: hsl(210, 22%, 49%);
  --clr-grey-6: hsl(209, 23%, 60%);
  --clr-grey-7: hsl(211, 27%, 70%);
  --clr-grey-8: hsl(210, 31%, 80%);
  --clr-grey-9: hsl(212, 33%, 89%);
  --clr-grey-10: hsl(210, 36%, 96%);
  --clr-white: #fff;
  --clr-red-dark: hsl(360, 67%, 44%);
  --clr-red-light: hsl(360, 71%, 66%);
  --clr-green-dark: hsl(125, 67%, 44%);
  --clr-green-light: hsl(125, 71%, 66%);
  --clr-black: #222;
  --ff-primary: "Roboto", sans-serif;
  --ff-secondary: "Open Sans", sans-serif;
  --transition: all 0.3s linear;
  --spacing: 0.1rem;
  --radius: 0.25rem;
  --light-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  --dark-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  --max-width: 1170px;
  --fixed-width: 620px;
}


/*
=============== 
Global Styles
===============
*/

*,
::after,
::before {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  font-family: var(--ff-secondary);
  background: var(--clr-grey-10);
  color: var(--clr-grey-1);
  line-height: 1.5;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
}

ul {
  list-style-type: none;
}

a {
  text-decoration: none;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
h4 {
  letter-spacing: var(--spacing);
  text-transform: capitalize;
  line-height: 1.25;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  font-family: var(--ff-primary);
}

h1 {
  font-size: 3rem;
}

h2 {
  font-size: 2rem;
}

h3 {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
}

h4 {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
}

p {
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  color: var(--clr-grey-5);
}

@media screen and (min-width: 800px) {
  h1 {
    font-size: 4rem;
  }
  h2 {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
  }
  h3 {
    font-size: 1.75rem;
  }
  h4 {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
  body {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
  h1,
  h2,
  h3,
  h4 {
    line-height: 1;
  }
}


/*  global classes */


/* section */

.section {
  padding: 5rem 0;
}

.section-center {
  width: 90vw;
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 1170px;
}

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) {
  .section-center {
    width: 95vw;
  }
}

main {
  min-height: 100vh;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
}


/*
=============== 
Nav
===============
*/

nav {
  background: var(--clr-white);
  height: 3rem;
  display: grid;
  align-items: center;
  box-shadow: var(--dark-shadow);
}

.nav-center {
  width: 90vw;
  max-width: var(--fixed-width);
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.nav-center h4 {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: var(--clr-primary-5);
}

.nav-links {
  display: flex;
}

nav a {
  text-transform: capitalize;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--clr-primary-1);
  letter-spacing: var(--spacing);
  margin-right: 1rem;
}

nav a:hover {
  color: var(--clr-primary-5);
}


/*
=============== 
Container
===============
*/

main {
  min-height: calc(100vh - 3rem);
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
}

.container {
  text-align: center;
}

.container h2 {
  background: var(--clr-black);
  color: var(--clr-white);
  padding: 1rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.color {
  color: var(--clr-primary-5);
}

.btn-hero {
  font-family: var(--ff-primary);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--clr-black);
  letter-spacing: var(--spacing);
  display: inline-block;
  font-weight: 700;
  transition: var(--transition);
  border: 2px solid var(--clr-black);
  cursor: pointer;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  font-size: 1rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
}

.btn-hero:hover {
  color: var(--clr-white);
  background: var(--clr-black);
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8" />
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
  <title>Color Flipper || Simple</title>

  <!-- styles -->
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css" />
</head>

<body>
  <nav>
    <div class="nav-center">
      <h4>Color Flipper</h4>
      <ul class="nav-links">
        <li><a href="index.html">simple</a></li>
        <li><a href="hex.html">hex</a></li>
      </ul>
    </div>
  </nav>

  <main>
    <div class="container">
      <h2>background color: <span class="color">#000</span></h2>
      <button class="btn btn-hero" id="btn">click me</button>
    </div>
  </main>
  <!-- javascript -->
  <script src="app.js"></script>
</body>

</html>

我想修改 HTML span 元素的 innerText。而innerText在button元素被点击后依次显示colors数组的不同颜色。

<h2>background color: <span class="color">#000</span></h2>

我使用了for的循环方法。

for(let color of colors) {
  loopButton();
}

function loopButton() { button.addEventListener('click', function() {
  colorIdentifier.innerText = color;
}
)};

为什么说“我的帖子看起来大部分是代码,即使我使用了 sn-p?”我需要知道。我认为如果我在 sn-p 中发布大量代码很有用,因为人们可以看到完整的代码。

【问题讨论】:

    标签: javascript html css loops dom


    【解决方案1】:

    首先,您会收到Uncaught reference 错误,因为事件侦听器函数是在您添加它的功能上下文之外执行的,因此它无权访问该变量。一个简单的解决方法是传递它:

    for (const color of colors) {
        loopButton(color);
    }
    

    至于颜色的实际循环,您将多个回调添加到相同的click 事件和元素,因此您实际上是在覆盖它们。有几种方法可以完成你想要的,但我建议在代码中保留一个计数器并在每次按下按钮时递增它。这将使color 变量在每次调用回调时都有不同的值。比如:

    let counter = 0;
    function callBack() {
        const idx = counter % (colors.length);
        colorIdentifier.innerText = colors[idx];
        colorIdentifier.style.color = colors[idx];
        counter++;
    }
    button.addEventListener('click', callBack);
    

    您会在下面找到功能强大的 sn-p。希望我已经让事情更清楚了。 :)

    const colors = ["green", "red", "rgba(133,122,200)", "#f15025"];
    const colorIdentifier = document.querySelector('.color');
    const button = document.getElementById('btn');
    
    
    let counter = 0;
    function callBack() {
        const idx = counter % (colors.length);
        colorIdentifier.innerText = colors[idx];
        colorIdentifier.style.color = colors[idx];
        counter++;
    }
    button.addEventListener('click', callBack);
    /* * {
      border: 5px solid purple;
    } */
    
    
    /*
    =============== 
    Fonts
    ===============
    */
    
    @import url("https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans|Roboto:400,700&display=swap");
    
    /*
    =============== 
    Variables
    ===============
    */
    
    :root {
      /* dark shades of primary color*/
      --clr-primary-1: hsl(205, 86%, 17%);
      --clr-primary-2: hsl(205, 77%, 27%);
      --clr-primary-3: hsl(205, 72%, 37%);
      --clr-primary-4: hsl(205, 63%, 48%);
      /* primary/main color */
      --clr-primary-5: hsl(205, 78%, 60%);
      /* lighter shades of primary color */
      --clr-primary-6: hsl(205, 89%, 70%);
      --clr-primary-7: hsl(205, 90%, 76%);
      --clr-primary-8: hsl(205, 86%, 81%);
      --clr-primary-9: hsl(205, 90%, 88%);
      --clr-primary-10: hsl(205, 100%, 96%);
      /* darkest grey - used for headings */
      --clr-grey-1: hsl(209, 61%, 16%);
      --clr-grey-2: hsl(211, 39%, 23%);
      --clr-grey-3: hsl(209, 34%, 30%);
      --clr-grey-4: hsl(209, 28%, 39%);
      /* grey used for paragraphs */
      --clr-grey-5: hsl(210, 22%, 49%);
      --clr-grey-6: hsl(209, 23%, 60%);
      --clr-grey-7: hsl(211, 27%, 70%);
      --clr-grey-8: hsl(210, 31%, 80%);
      --clr-grey-9: hsl(212, 33%, 89%);
      --clr-grey-10: hsl(210, 36%, 96%);
      --clr-white: #fff;
      --clr-red-dark: hsl(360, 67%, 44%);
      --clr-red-light: hsl(360, 71%, 66%);
      --clr-green-dark: hsl(125, 67%, 44%);
      --clr-green-light: hsl(125, 71%, 66%);
      --clr-black: #222;
      --ff-primary: "Roboto", sans-serif;
      --ff-secondary: "Open Sans", sans-serif;
      --transition: all 0.3s linear;
      --spacing: 0.1rem;
      --radius: 0.25rem;
      --light-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
      --dark-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
      --max-width: 1170px;
      --fixed-width: 620px;
    }
    
    
    /*
    =============== 
    Global Styles
    ===============
    */
    
    *,
    ::after,
    ::before {
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
      box-sizing: border-box;
    }
    
    body {
      font-family: var(--ff-secondary);
      background: var(--clr-grey-10);
      color: var(--clr-grey-1);
      line-height: 1.5;
      font-size: 0.875rem;
    }
    
    ul {
      list-style-type: none;
    }
    
    a {
      text-decoration: none;
    }
    
    h1,
    h2,
    h3,
    h4 {
      letter-spacing: var(--spacing);
      text-transform: capitalize;
      line-height: 1.25;
      margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
      font-family: var(--ff-primary);
    }
    
    h1 {
      font-size: 3rem;
    }
    
    h2 {
      font-size: 2rem;
    }
    
    h3 {
      font-size: 1.25rem;
    }
    
    h4 {
      font-size: 0.875rem;
    }
    
    p {
      margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
      color: var(--clr-grey-5);
    }
    
    @media screen and (min-width: 800px) {
      h1 {
        font-size: 4rem;
      }
      h2 {
        font-size: 2.5rem;
      }
      h3 {
        font-size: 1.75rem;
      }
      h4 {
        font-size: 1rem;
      }
      body {
        font-size: 1rem;
      }
      h1,
      h2,
      h3,
      h4 {
        line-height: 1;
      }
    }
    
    
    /*  global classes */
    
    
    /* section */
    
    .section {
      padding: 5rem 0;
    }
    
    .section-center {
      width: 90vw;
      margin: 0 auto;
      max-width: 1170px;
    }
    
    @media screen and (min-width: 992px) {
      .section-center {
        width: 95vw;
      }
    }
    
    main {
      min-height: 100vh;
      display: grid;
      place-items: center;
    }
    
    
    /*
    =============== 
    Nav
    ===============
    */
    
    nav {
      background: var(--clr-white);
      height: 3rem;
      display: grid;
      align-items: center;
      box-shadow: var(--dark-shadow);
    }
    
    .nav-center {
      width: 90vw;
      max-width: var(--fixed-width);
      margin: 0 auto;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
    }
    
    .nav-center h4 {
      margin-bottom: 0;
      color: var(--clr-primary-5);
    }
    
    .nav-links {
      display: flex;
    }
    
    nav a {
      text-transform: capitalize;
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 1rem;
      color: var(--clr-primary-1);
      letter-spacing: var(--spacing);
      margin-right: 1rem;
    }
    
    nav a:hover {
      color: var(--clr-primary-5);
    }
    
    
    /*
    =============== 
    Container
    ===============
    */
    
    main {
      min-height: calc(100vh - 3rem);
      display: grid;
      place-items: center;
    }
    
    .container {
      text-align: center;
    }
    
    .container h2 {
      background: var(--clr-black);
      color: var(--clr-white);
      padding: 1rem;
      border-radius: var(--radius);
      margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
    }
    
    .color {
      color: var(--clr-primary-5);
    }
    
    .btn-hero {
      font-family: var(--ff-primary);
      text-transform: uppercase;
      background: transparent;
      color: var(--clr-black);
      letter-spacing: var(--spacing);
      display: inline-block;
      font-weight: 700;
      transition: var(--transition);
      border: 2px solid var(--clr-black);
      cursor: pointer;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
      border-radius: var(--radius);
      font-size: 1rem;
      padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
    }
    
    .btn-hero:hover {
      color: var(--clr-white);
      background: var(--clr-black);
    }
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    
    <head>
      <meta charset="UTF-8" />
      <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
      <title>Color Flipper || Simple</title>
    
      <!-- styles -->
      <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css" />
    </head>
    
    <body>
      <nav>
        <div class="nav-center">
          <h4>Color Flipper</h4>
          <ul class="nav-links">
            <li><a href="index.html">simple</a></li>
            <li><a href="hex.html">hex</a></li>
          </ul>
        </div>
      </nav>
    
      <main>
        <div class="container">
          <h2>background color: <span class="color">#000</span></h2>
          <button class="btn btn-hero" id="btn">click me</button>
        </div>
      </main>
      <!-- javascript -->
      <script src="app.js"></script>
    </body>
    
    </html>

    【讨论】:

      【解决方案2】:

      好的,您要做的是单击按钮以显示数组中的下一种颜色吗?如果是这样,那么这就是 javascript

      const colors = ["green", "red", "rgba(133,122,200)", "#f15025"]
      const colorIdentifier = document.querySelector(".color")
      const button = document.getElementById("btn")
      
      // global index for so we can iterate array 1 by 1
      let index = 0
      
      // button on click event listener
      button.addEventListener("click", () => {
          // set the text of colorIdentifier to colors and use the index of how many times we clicked the button
          colorIdentifier.textContent = colors[index]
      
          // iterate the button for on each click this is shorthand for index = index + 1
          index++
      
          // check to see if the index is bigger then the length and resets it back to 0
          if (index >= colors.length) index = 0
      })
      

      【讨论】:

        【解决方案3】:

        由于颜色是在另一个函数上定义的,因此您无法访问它,因为 let 和 const 是块链变量 - 它们可以是访问权限

        const colors = ["green", "red", "rgba(133,122,200)", "#f15025"];
        const colorIdentifier = document.querySelector('.color');
        const button = document.getElementById('btn');
        
        let i = 0;
        
        function previewColors() {
          colorIdentifier.innerHTML = colors[i]; // Change innerHTML text
          colorIdentifier.style.color = colors[i]; // Change innerHTML color
          i++;
          if( i < colors.length){
          window.setTimeout(previewColors, 1000); // Access array after 1 sec if i < color.length - LOOPS over the array in recursive way- .
          }
        }
        
        button.addEventListener('click', previewColors);
        /* * {
          border: 5px solid purple;
        } */
        
        
        /*
        =============== 
        Fonts
        ===============
        */
        
        @import url("https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans|Roboto:400,700&display=swap");
        
        /*
        =============== 
        Variables
        ===============
        */
        
        :root {
          /* dark shades of primary color*/
          --clr-primary-1: hsl(205, 86%, 17%);
          --clr-primary-2: hsl(205, 77%, 27%);
          --clr-primary-3: hsl(205, 72%, 37%);
          --clr-primary-4: hsl(205, 63%, 48%);
          /* primary/main color */
          --clr-primary-5: hsl(205, 78%, 60%);
          /* lighter shades of primary color */
          --clr-primary-6: hsl(205, 89%, 70%);
          --clr-primary-7: hsl(205, 90%, 76%);
          --clr-primary-8: hsl(205, 86%, 81%);
          --clr-primary-9: hsl(205, 90%, 88%);
          --clr-primary-10: hsl(205, 100%, 96%);
          /* darkest grey - used for headings */
          --clr-grey-1: hsl(209, 61%, 16%);
          --clr-grey-2: hsl(211, 39%, 23%);
          --clr-grey-3: hsl(209, 34%, 30%);
          --clr-grey-4: hsl(209, 28%, 39%);
          /* grey used for paragraphs */
          --clr-grey-5: hsl(210, 22%, 49%);
          --clr-grey-6: hsl(209, 23%, 60%);
          --clr-grey-7: hsl(211, 27%, 70%);
          --clr-grey-8: hsl(210, 31%, 80%);
          --clr-grey-9: hsl(212, 33%, 89%);
          --clr-grey-10: hsl(210, 36%, 96%);
          --clr-white: #fff;
          --clr-red-dark: hsl(360, 67%, 44%);
          --clr-red-light: hsl(360, 71%, 66%);
          --clr-green-dark: hsl(125, 67%, 44%);
          --clr-green-light: hsl(125, 71%, 66%);
          --clr-black: #222;
          --ff-primary: "Roboto", sans-serif;
          --ff-secondary: "Open Sans", sans-serif;
          --transition: all 0.3s linear;
          --spacing: 0.1rem;
          --radius: 0.25rem;
          --light-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
          --dark-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
          --max-width: 1170px;
          --fixed-width: 620px;
        }
        
        
        /*
        =============== 
        Global Styles
        ===============
        */
        
        *,
        ::after,
        ::before {
          margin: 0;
          padding: 0;
          box-sizing: border-box;
        }
        
        body {
          font-family: var(--ff-secondary);
          background: var(--clr-grey-10);
          color: var(--clr-grey-1);
          line-height: 1.5;
          font-size: 0.875rem;
        }
        
        ul {
          list-style-type: none;
        }
        
        a {
          text-decoration: none;
        }
        
        h1,
        h2,
        h3,
        h4 {
          letter-spacing: var(--spacing);
          text-transform: capitalize;
          line-height: 1.25;
          margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
          font-family: var(--ff-primary);
        }
        
        h1 {
          font-size: 3rem;
        }
        
        h2 {
          font-size: 2rem;
        }
        
        h3 {
          font-size: 1.25rem;
        }
        
        h4 {
          font-size: 0.875rem;
        }
        
        p {
          margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
          color: var(--clr-grey-5);
        }
        
        @media screen and (min-width: 800px) {
          h1 {
            font-size: 4rem;
          }
          h2 {
            font-size: 2.5rem;
          }
          h3 {
            font-size: 1.75rem;
          }
          h4 {
            font-size: 1rem;
          }
          body {
            font-size: 1rem;
          }
          h1,
          h2,
          h3,
          h4 {
            line-height: 1;
          }
        }
        
        
        /*  global classes */
        
        
        /* section */
        
        .section {
          padding: 5rem 0;
        }
        
        .section-center {
          width: 90vw;
          margin: 0 auto;
          max-width: 1170px;
        }
        
        @media screen and (min-width: 992px) {
          .section-center {
            width: 95vw;
          }
        }
        
        main {
          min-height: 100vh;
          display: grid;
          place-items: center;
        }
        
        
        /*
        =============== 
        Nav
        ===============
        */
        
        nav {
          background: var(--clr-white);
          height: 3rem;
          display: grid;
          align-items: center;
          box-shadow: var(--dark-shadow);
        }
        
        .nav-center {
          width: 90vw;
          max-width: var(--fixed-width);
          margin: 0 auto;
          display: flex;
          align-items: center;
          justify-content: space-between;
        }
        
        .nav-center h4 {
          margin-bottom: 0;
          color: var(--clr-primary-5);
        }
        
        .nav-links {
          display: flex;
        }
        
        nav a {
          text-transform: capitalize;
          font-weight: 700;
          font-size: 1rem;
          color: var(--clr-primary-1);
          letter-spacing: var(--spacing);
          margin-right: 1rem;
        }
        
        nav a:hover {
          color: var(--clr-primary-5);
        }
        
        
        /*
        =============== 
        Container
        ===============
        */
        
        main {
          min-height: calc(100vh - 3rem);
          display: grid;
          place-items: center;
        }
        
        .container {
          text-align: center;
        }
        
        .container h2 {
          background: var(--clr-black);
          color: var(--clr-white);
          padding: 1rem;
          border-radius: var(--radius);
          margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
        }
        
        .color {
          color: var(--clr-primary-5);
        }
        
        .btn-hero {
          font-family: var(--ff-primary);
          text-transform: uppercase;
          background: transparent;
          color: var(--clr-black);
          letter-spacing: var(--spacing);
          display: inline-block;
          font-weight: 700;
          transition: var(--transition);
          border: 2px solid var(--clr-black);
          cursor: pointer;
          box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
          border-radius: var(--radius);
          font-size: 1rem;
          padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
        }
        
        .btn-hero:hover {
          color: var(--clr-white);
          background: var(--clr-black);
        }
        <!DOCTYPE html>
        <html lang="en">
        
        <head>
          <meta charset="UTF-8" />
          <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
          <title>Color Flipper || Simple</title>
        
          <!-- styles -->
          <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css" />
        </head>
        
        <body>
          <nav>
            <div class="nav-center">
              <h4>Color Flipper</h4>
              <ul class="nav-links">
                <li><a href="index.html">simple</a></li>
                <li><a href="hex.html">hex</a></li>
              </ul>
            </div>
          </nav>
        
          <main>
            <div class="container">
              <h2>background color: <span class="color">#000</span></h2>
              <button class="btn btn-hero" id="btn">click me</button>
            </div>
          </main>
          <!-- javascript -->
          <script src="app.js"></script>
        </body>
        
        </html>

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