在 .NET 中使用 USB 设备答案

【问题标题】：Working with USB devices in .NET在 .NET 中使用 USB 设备
【发布时间】：2010-09-09 06:50:28
【问题描述】：

使用 .Net (C#)，如何使用 USB 设备？

如何检测 USB 事件（连接/断开）以及如何与设备通信（读/写）。

是否有本地 .Net 解决方案来执行此操作？

【问题讨论】：

更多答案在这里：stackoverflow.com/questions/2803890/net-api-for-hid-usb

标签： .net usb communication

【解决方案1】：

我尝试使用 SharpUSBLib，但它搞砸了我的电脑（需要系统还原）。也发生在同一个项目的同事身上。

我在 LibUSBDotNet 中找到了替代方案：http://sourceforge.net/projects/libusbdotnet 还没有使用太多，但看起来不错并且最近更新了（与 Sharp 不同）。

编辑：截至 2017 年 2 月中旬，LibUSBDotNet 大约在 2 周前更新。同时 SharpUSBLib 自 2004 年以来一直没有更新。

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

没有本地（例如，系统库）解决方案。这就是moobaa提到的SharpUSBLib存在的原因。

如果您想为 USB 设备推出自己的处理程序，您可以查看SerialPort class of System.IO.Ports。

【讨论】：

如何通过 SerialPort 类使用 USB 端口？
嗯，早在 08 年，USB 1.0 就没有串行端口技术了。 :D 不知道如何用 USB 2.0 和 USB 3.0 做到这一点
我只是用 CreateFile winapi 访问usb :)

【解决方案3】：

我使用以下代码检测 USB 设备何时从我的计算机上插入和拔出：

class USBControl : IDisposable
    {
        // used for monitoring plugging and unplugging of USB devices.
        private ManagementEventWatcher watcherAttach;
        private ManagementEventWatcher watcherRemove;

        public USBControl()
        {
            // Add USB plugged event watching
            watcherAttach = new ManagementEventWatcher();
            //var queryAttach = new WqlEventQuery("SELECT * FROM Win32_DeviceChangeEvent WHERE EventType = 2");
            watcherAttach.EventArrived += new EventArrivedEventHandler(watcher_EventArrived);
            watcherAttach.Query = new WqlEventQuery("SELECT * FROM Win32_DeviceChangeEvent WHERE EventType = 2");
            watcherAttach.Start();

            // Add USB unplugged event watching
            watcherRemove = new ManagementEventWatcher();
            //var queryRemove = new WqlEventQuery("SELECT * FROM Win32_DeviceChangeEvent WHERE EventType = 3");
            watcherRemove.EventArrived += new EventArrivedEventHandler(watcher_EventRemoved);
            watcherRemove.Query = new WqlEventQuery("SELECT * FROM Win32_DeviceChangeEvent WHERE EventType = 3");
            watcherRemove.Start();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Used to dispose of the USB device watchers when the USBControl class is disposed of.
        /// </summary>
        public void Dispose()
        {
            watcherAttach.Stop();
            watcherRemove.Stop();
            //Thread.Sleep(1000);
            watcherAttach.Dispose();
            watcherRemove.Dispose();
            //Thread.Sleep(1000);
        }

        void watcher_EventArrived(object sender, EventArrivedEventArgs e)
        {
            Debug.WriteLine("watcher_EventArrived");
        }

        void watcher_EventRemoved(object sender, EventArrivedEventArgs e)
        {
            Debug.WriteLine("watcher_EventRemoved");
        }

        ~USBControl()
        {
            this.Dispose();
        }


    }

您必须确保在关闭应用程序时调用 Dispose() 方法。否则，关闭时会在运行时收到 COM 对象错误。

【讨论】：

【解决方案4】：

我推荐LibUSBDotNet，我已经使用了 2 年的库。如果您必须使用 USB 设备（发送请求、处理响应），这个库是我能找到的最佳解决方案。

优点：

拥有在同步或异步模式下工作所需的所有方法。
提供源代码
足够的样本可以立即开始使用。

缺点：

文档不足（这是开源项目的常见问题）。基本上，您可以在 CHM 帮助文件中找到常见的方法描述，仅此而已。但我仍然发现提供的示例和源代码足以进行编码。只是有时我看到一个奇怪的行为，想知道为什么它是这样实现的，甚至无法得到任何提示......
似乎不再受支持。上一个版本是 2010 年 10 月发布的。有时很难得到答案。

【讨论】：

我无法让库正常工作。github.com/LibUsbDotNet/LibUsbDotNet/issues/73

【解决方案5】：

USB 设备通常分为两类：Hid 和 USB。 USB 设备可能是也可能不是 Hid 设备，反之亦然。 Hid 通常比直接 USB 更容易使用。不同的平台有不同的 API 来处理 USB 和 Hid。

这是 UWP 的文档：

USB： https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/usbcon/how-to-connect-to-a-usb-device--uwp-app-

隐藏： https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/uwp/api/windows.devices.humaninterfacedevice

这里是 Android 的文档： https://developer.xamarin.com/api/namespace/Android.Hardware.Usb/

以下是在原始 Windows API 级别处理 USB/Hid 的两个类：

https://github.com/MelbourneDeveloper/Device.Net/blob/master/src/Hid.Net/Windows/HidAPICalls.cs

public static class HidAPICalls 
{
    #region Constants
    private const int DigcfDeviceinterface = 16;
    private const int DigcfPresent = 2;
    private const uint FileShareRead = 1;
    private const uint FileShareWrite = 2;
    private const uint GenericRead = 2147483648;
    private const uint GenericWrite = 1073741824;
    private const uint OpenExisting = 3;
    private const int HIDP_STATUS_SUCCESS = 0x110000;
    private const int HIDP_STATUS_INVALID_PREPARSED_DATA = -0x3FEF0000;
    #endregion

    #region API Calls

    [DllImport("hid.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    private static extern bool HidD_GetPreparsedData(SafeFileHandle hidDeviceObject, out IntPtr pointerToPreparsedData);

    [DllImport("hid.dll", SetLastError = true, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]
    private static extern bool HidD_GetManufacturerString(SafeFileHandle hidDeviceObject, IntPtr pointerToBuffer, uint bufferLength);

    [DllImport("hid.dll", SetLastError = true, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]
    private static extern bool HidD_GetProductString(SafeFileHandle hidDeviceObject, IntPtr pointerToBuffer, uint bufferLength);

    [DllImport("hid.dll", SetLastError = true, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]
    private static extern bool HidD_GetSerialNumberString(SafeFileHandle hidDeviceObject, IntPtr pointerToBuffer, uint bufferLength);

    [DllImport("hid.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    private static extern int HidP_GetCaps(IntPtr pointerToPreparsedData, out HidCollectionCapabilities hidCollectionCapabilities);

    [DllImport("hid.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    private static extern bool HidD_GetAttributes(SafeFileHandle hidDeviceObject, out HidAttributes attributes);

    [DllImport("hid.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    private static extern bool HidD_FreePreparsedData(ref IntPtr pointerToPreparsedData);

    [DllImport("hid.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    private static extern void HidD_GetHidGuid(ref Guid hidGuid);

    private delegate bool GetString(SafeFileHandle hidDeviceObject, IntPtr pointerToBuffer, uint bufferLength);

    #endregion

    #region Helper Methods

    #region Public Methods
    public static HidAttributes GetHidAttributes(SafeFileHandle safeFileHandle)
    {
        var isSuccess = HidD_GetAttributes(safeFileHandle, out var hidAttributes);
        WindowsDeviceBase.HandleError(isSuccess, "Could not get Hid Attributes");
        return hidAttributes;
    }

    public static HidCollectionCapabilities GetHidCapabilities(SafeFileHandle readSafeFileHandle)
    {
        var isSuccess = HidD_GetPreparsedData(readSafeFileHandle, out var pointerToPreParsedData);
        WindowsDeviceBase.HandleError(isSuccess, "Could not get pre parsed data");

        var result = HidP_GetCaps(pointerToPreParsedData, out var hidCollectionCapabilities);
        if (result != HIDP_STATUS_SUCCESS)
        {
            throw new Exception($"Could not get Hid capabilities. Return code: {result}");
        }

        isSuccess = HidD_FreePreparsedData(ref pointerToPreParsedData);
        WindowsDeviceBase.HandleError(isSuccess, "Could not release handle for getting Hid capabilities");

        return hidCollectionCapabilities;
    }

    public static string GetManufacturer(SafeFileHandle safeFileHandle)
    {
        return GetHidString(safeFileHandle, HidD_GetManufacturerString);
    }

    public static string GetProduct(SafeFileHandle safeFileHandle)
    {
        return GetHidString(safeFileHandle, HidD_GetProductString);
    }

    public static string GetSerialNumber(SafeFileHandle safeFileHandle)
    {
        return GetHidString(safeFileHandle, HidD_GetSerialNumberString);
    }
    #endregion

    #region Private Static Methods
    private static string GetHidString(SafeFileHandle safeFileHandle, GetString getString)
    {
        var pointerToBuffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(126);
        var isSuccess = getString(safeFileHandle, pointerToBuffer, 126);
        Marshal.FreeHGlobal(pointerToBuffer);
        WindowsDeviceBase.HandleError(isSuccess, "Could not get Hid string");
        return Marshal.PtrToStringUni(pointerToBuffer);     
    }
    #endregion

    #endregion

}

https://github.com/MelbourneDeveloper/Device.Net/blob/master/src/Usb.Net/Windows/WinUsbApiCalls.cs

public static partial class WinUsbApiCalls
{
    #region Constants
    public const int EnglishLanguageID = 1033;
    public const uint DEVICE_SPEED = 1;
    public const byte USB_ENDPOINT_DIRECTION_MASK = 0X80;
    public const int WritePipeId = 0x80;

    /// <summary>
    /// Not sure where this constant is defined...
    /// </summary>
    public const int DEFAULT_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE = 0x01;
    public const int USB_STRING_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE = 0x03;
    #endregion

    #region API Calls
    [DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern bool WinUsb_ControlTransfer(IntPtr InterfaceHandle, WINUSB_SETUP_PACKET SetupPacket, byte[] Buffer, uint BufferLength, ref uint LengthTransferred, IntPtr Overlapped);

    [DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
    public static extern bool WinUsb_GetAssociatedInterface(SafeFileHandle InterfaceHandle, byte AssociatedInterfaceIndex, out SafeFileHandle AssociatedInterfaceHandle);

    [DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern bool WinUsb_GetDescriptor(SafeFileHandle InterfaceHandle, byte DescriptorType, byte Index, ushort LanguageID, out USB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR deviceDesc, uint BufferLength, out uint LengthTransfered);

    [DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern bool WinUsb_GetDescriptor(SafeFileHandle InterfaceHandle, byte DescriptorType, byte Index, UInt16 LanguageID, byte[] Buffer, UInt32 BufferLength, out UInt32 LengthTransfered);

    [DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern bool WinUsb_Free(SafeFileHandle InterfaceHandle);

    [DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern bool WinUsb_Initialize(SafeFileHandle DeviceHandle, out SafeFileHandle InterfaceHandle);

    [DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern bool WinUsb_QueryDeviceInformation(IntPtr InterfaceHandle, uint InformationType, ref uint BufferLength, ref byte Buffer);

    [DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern bool WinUsb_QueryInterfaceSettings(SafeFileHandle InterfaceHandle, byte AlternateInterfaceNumber, out USB_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR UsbAltInterfaceDescriptor);

    [DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern bool WinUsb_QueryPipe(SafeFileHandle InterfaceHandle, byte AlternateInterfaceNumber, byte PipeIndex, out WINUSB_PIPE_INFORMATION PipeInformation);

    [DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern bool WinUsb_ReadPipe(SafeFileHandle InterfaceHandle, byte PipeID, byte[] Buffer, uint BufferLength, out uint LengthTransferred, IntPtr Overlapped);

    [DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern bool WinUsb_SetPipePolicy(IntPtr InterfaceHandle, byte PipeID, uint PolicyType, uint ValueLength, ref uint Value);

    [DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern bool WinUsb_WritePipe(SafeFileHandle InterfaceHandle, byte PipeID, byte[] Buffer, uint BufferLength, out uint LengthTransferred, IntPtr Overlapped);
    #endregion

    #region Public Methods
    public static string GetDescriptor(SafeFileHandle defaultInterfaceHandle, byte index, string errorMessage)
    {
        var buffer = new byte[256];
        var isSuccess = WinUsb_GetDescriptor(defaultInterfaceHandle, USB_STRING_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE, index, EnglishLanguageID, buffer, (uint)buffer.Length, out var transfered);
        WindowsDeviceBase.HandleError(isSuccess, errorMessage);
        var descriptor = new string(Encoding.Unicode.GetChars(buffer, 2, (int)transfered));
        return descriptor.Substring(0, descriptor.Length - 1);
    }
    #endregion
}

使用这些解决方案中的任何一种，您要么需要按时间间隔轮询设备，要么使用 API 的本机设备侦听类之一。但是，这个库在所有平台上跨 Hid 和 USB 放置了一个层，以便您可以轻松检测连接和断开连接：https://github.com/MelbourneDeveloper/Device.Net/wiki/Device-Listener。这就是你将如何使用它：

internal class TrezorExample : IDisposable
{
    #region Fields
    //Define the types of devices to search for. This particular device can be connected to via USB, or Hid
    private readonly List<FilterDeviceDefinition> _DeviceDefinitions = new List<FilterDeviceDefinition>
    {
        new FilterDeviceDefinition{ DeviceType= DeviceType.Hid, VendorId= 0x534C, ProductId=0x0001, Label="Trezor One Firmware 1.6.x", UsagePage=65280 },
        new FilterDeviceDefinition{ DeviceType= DeviceType.Usb, VendorId= 0x534C, ProductId=0x0001, Label="Trezor One Firmware 1.6.x (Android Only)" },
        new FilterDeviceDefinition{ DeviceType= DeviceType.Usb, VendorId= 0x1209, ProductId=0x53C1, Label="Trezor One Firmware 1.7.x" },
        new FilterDeviceDefinition{ DeviceType= DeviceType.Usb, VendorId= 0x1209, ProductId=0x53C0, Label="Model T" }
    };
    #endregion

    #region Events
    public event EventHandler TrezorInitialized;
    public event EventHandler TrezorDisconnected;
    #endregion

    #region Public Properties
    public IDevice TrezorDevice { get; private set; }
    public DeviceListener DeviceListener { get; private set; }
    #endregion

    #region Event Handlers
    private void DevicePoller_DeviceInitialized(object sender, DeviceEventArgs e)
    {
        TrezorDevice = e.Device;
        TrezorInitialized?.Invoke(this, new EventArgs());
    }

    private void DevicePoller_DeviceDisconnected(object sender, DeviceEventArgs e)
    {
        TrezorDevice = null;
        TrezorDisconnected?.Invoke(this, new EventArgs());
    }
    #endregion

    #region Public Methods
    public void StartListening()
    {
        TrezorDevice?.Dispose();
        DeviceListener = new DeviceListener(_DeviceDefinitions, 3000);
        DeviceListener.DeviceDisconnected += DevicePoller_DeviceDisconnected;
        DeviceListener.DeviceInitialized += DevicePoller_DeviceInitialized;
    }

    public async Task InitializeTrezorAsync()
    {
        //Get the first available device and connect to it
        var devices = await DeviceManager.Current.GetDevices(_DeviceDefinitions);
        TrezorDevice = devices.FirstOrDefault();
        await TrezorDevice.InitializeAsync();
    }

    public async Task<byte[]> WriteAndReadFromDeviceAsync()
    {
        //Create a buffer with 3 bytes (initialize)
        var writeBuffer = new byte[64];
        writeBuffer[0] = 0x3f;
        writeBuffer[1] = 0x23;
        writeBuffer[2] = 0x23;

        //Write the data to the device
        return await TrezorDevice.WriteAndReadAsync(writeBuffer);
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        TrezorDevice?.Dispose();
    }
    #endregion
}

【讨论】：

【解决方案6】：

这里有一个使用 C# 获取 SharpUSBLib 库和 HID 驱动程序的教程：

http://www.developerfusion.com/article/84338/making-usb-c-friendly/

【讨论】：

【解决方案7】：

有一个通用工具包WinDriver 用于在支持#.NET 的用户模式下编写USB 驱动程序

【讨论】：

【解决方案8】：

如果您的 PC 上有 National Instruments 软件，您可以使用他们的“NI-VISA 驱动程序向导”创建 USB 驱动程序。

创建 USB 驱动程序的步骤：http://www.ni.com/tutorial/4478/en/

创建驱动程序后，您将能够向任何 USB 设备写入和读取字节。

确保设备管理器下的 Windows 可以看到驱动程序：

C#代码：

    using NationalInstruments.VisaNS;

    #region UsbRaw
    /// <summary>
    /// Class to communicate with USB Devices using the UsbRaw Class of National Instruments
    /// </summary>
    public class UsbRaw
    {
        private NationalInstruments.VisaNS.UsbRaw usbRaw;
        private List<byte> DataReceived = new List<byte>();

        /// <summary>
        /// Initialize the USB Device to interact with
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ResourseName">In this format: "USB0::0x1448::0x8CA0::NI-VISA-30004::RAW".  Use the NI-VISA Driver Wizard from Start»All Programs»National Instruments»VISA»Driver Wizard to create the USB Driver for the device you need to talk to.</param>
        public UsbRaw(string ResourseName)
        {
            usbRaw = new NationalInstruments.VisaNS.UsbRaw(ResourseName, AccessModes.NoLock, 10000, false);
            usbRaw.UsbInterrupt += new UsbRawInterruptEventHandler(OnUSBInterrupt);
            usbRaw.EnableEvent(UsbRawEventType.UsbInterrupt, EventMechanism.Handler);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Clears a USB Device from any previous commands
        /// </summary>
        public void Clear()
        {
            usbRaw.Clear();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Writes Bytes to the USB Device
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="EndPoint">USB Bulk Out Pipe attribute to send the data to.  For example: If you see on the Bus Hound sniffer tool that data is coming out from something like 28.4 (Device column), this means that the USB is using Endpoint 4 (Number after the dot)</param>
        /// <param name="BytesToSend">Data to send to the USB device</param>
        public void Write(short EndPoint, byte[] BytesToSend)
        {
            usbRaw.BulkOutPipe = EndPoint;
            usbRaw.Write(BytesToSend);       // Write to USB
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Reads bytes from a USB Device
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Bytes Read</returns>
        public byte[] Read()
        {
            usbRaw.ReadByteArray();     // This fires the UsbRawInterruptEventHandler                

            byte[] rxBytes = DataReceived.ToArray();      // Collects the data received

            return rxBytes;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// This is used to get the data received by the USB device
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void OnUSBInterrupt(object sender, UsbRawInterruptEventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                DataReceived.Clear();     // Clear previous data received
                DataReceived.AddRange(e.DataBuffer);                    
            }
            catch (Exception exp)
            {
                string errorMsg = "Error: " + exp.Message;
                DataReceived.AddRange(ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(errorMsg));
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Use this function to clean up the UsbRaw class
        /// </summary>
        public void Dispose()
        {
            usbRaw.DisableEvent(UsbRawEventType.UsbInterrupt, EventMechanism.Handler);

            if (usbRaw != null)
            {
                usbRaw.Dispose();
            }              
        }

    }
    #endregion UsbRaw

用法：

UsbRaw usbRaw = new UsbRaw("USB0::0x1448::0x8CA0::NI-VISA-30004::RAW");

byte[] sendData = new byte[] { 0x53, 0x4c, 0x56 };
usbRaw.Write(4, sendData);      // Write bytes to the USB Device
byte[] readData = usbRaw.Read();   // Read bytes from the USB Device

usbRaw.Dispose();

希望这对某人有所帮助。

【讨论】：

【解决方案9】：

大多数 USB 芯片组都附带驱动程序。 Silicon Labs 有一个。

【讨论】：

这样我对驱动本身有依赖？是否有适用于所有机器的通用解决方案？
您将依赖于 dll 和硬件依赖于所使用的芯片组。但是，如果您可以同时控制软件和硬件，这是启动和运行 USB 通信的最快方法。

【解决方案10】：

我得到了一个与Teensy 的接口，使用this article 工作得很好

【讨论】：

【解决方案11】：

我尝试了其中的几个建议，但都没有成功。我最终使用 Java 和 hid4java 库编写了一个可行的解决方案。作为一个控制台应用程序，我可以使用 Process.Start() 从 C# 中对它进行处理，传递参数以及读取响应。这提供了基本的 HID I/O，但没有连接/断开事件。为此，我需要重写它以作为守护程序/服务运行并使用命名管道或其他一些服务器/客户端传输。现在，完成这项工作就足够了，因为 hi4java 库“正常工作”。

【讨论】：