如何使用 SQL Server 列出文件夹内的文件

Question

如何在不使用xp_cmdshell 存储过程的情况下列出 SQL Server 中文件夹内的文件？

Answer 1

为避免授予xp_dirtree 所需的sysadmin 权限，请改为执行以下操作：

SQLCLR

创建一个具有外部访问权限的SQLCLR 程序集，该程序集将文件列表作为结果集返回。 有很多例子可以说明如何做到这一点。

这是一个使用纯 SQL 创建 SQLCLR 的方法；这是乔纳森·凯哈亚斯的。 Full explanation.

（安装后，这样称呼它：SELECT * FROM master.dbo.os_directory_info('C:\', default)）

创建目录列表函数的 SQL 脚本

/*
-- To uninstall:
USE [master]
GO
DROP FUNCTION [dbo].[os_directory_info]
DROP ASSEMBLY SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser
DROP USER SQLCLRNet_ExampleLogin
DROP LOGIN SQLCLRNet_ExampleLogin 
DROP ASYMMETRIC KEY SQLCLRNet_ExampleKey
GO
*/

/*
* This script creates a function that lists the contents of the given directory.
* It uses a .NET CLR instead of the unsecure option of using xp_cmdshell or xp_dirtree which require sysadmin priveleges.
* It is the handywork of Jonathan Kehayias. You can find the complete explanation and source code here: https://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/trading-in-xp_cmdshell-for-sqlclr-part-1-list-directory-contents
* 
* Once installed, call the function using something like:
*     SELECT *
*     FROM master.dbo.os_directory_info('C:\', default)
*/

-- Enable Common Language Runtimes (.NET code plugins)
-- (Microsoft Docs on this: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/clr-integration/clr-integration-enabling?view=sql-server-ver15)
EXEC sp_configure 'clr enabled', 1;  
RECONFIGURE;  
GO 

USE [master]
GO

/****** Object:  SqlAssembly [SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser]    Script Date: 01/23/2009 22:19:49 ******/
IF  EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.assemblies asms WHERE asms.name = N'SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser')
DROP ASSEMBLY [SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser]

GO

/****** Object:  SqlAssembly [SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser]    Script Date: 01/23/2009 22:19:49 ******/
CREATE ASSEMBLY [SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser]
AUTHORIZATION [dbo]
-- Hexadecimal representation of Precompiled Binary below. (Source code here: https://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/trading-in-xp_cmdshell-for-sqlclr-part-1-list-directory-contents)
FROM 0x4D5A90000300000004000000FFFF0000B800000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000800000000E1FBA0E00B409CD21B8014CCD21546869732070726F6772616D2063616E6E6F742062652072756E20696E20444F53206D6F64652E0D0D0A2400000000000000504500004C0103008C887A490000000000000000E00002210B0108000010000000080000000000000E2F000000200000004000000000400000200000000200000400000000000000040000000000000000800000000200001B020100030040850000100000100000000010000010000000000000100000000000000000000000C02E00004B000000004000006004000000000000000000000000000000000000006000000C000000E02D00001C0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000080000000000000000000000082000004800000000000000000000002E74657874000000140F0000002000000010000000020000000000000000000000000000200000602E7273726300000060040000004000000006000000120000000000000000000000000000400000402E72656C6F6300000C0000000060000000020000001800000000000000000000000000004000004200000000000000000000000000000000F02E0000000000004800000002000500642200007C0B00000900000000000000000000000000000050200000800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000897E69923F70A4BADA0B6E1E1BC164F4F71B7C6FFC97C8DA03DAA4AD965FC428DA61F34B05E1DA6E73AC47D2B64C10791C9945AD4A8AD582286E71B6AB8D9215417732F17E43650EBB0C3B31ABE323C7E627DE10E021072588858B456BF9293EFC2A9D5BDC719A0ED62237A9075402DE93B44C3A99AA3396E7D670E39B875079133002004D00000001000011000F00281000000A731100000A0A0F01281200000A2D160F01281000000A7E1300000A281400000A16FE012B01160C082D09066F1500000A0B2B10060F01281000000A6F1600000A0B2B00072A0000001330020024010000020000110002751A00000114FE0316FE010C083A8D0000000002741A0000010A03066F1700000A281800000A8103000001047E1900000A810400000105066F1A00000A281B00000A81050000010E04066F1C00000A281D00000A81060000010E05066F1E00000A281D00000A81060000010E06066F1F00000A281D00000A81060000010E07066F2000000A8C1C0000016F2100000A281800000A8103000001003882000000000274190000010B03076F1700000A281800000A8103000001047E2200000A8104000001057E2300000A81050000010E04076F1C00000A281D00000A81060000010E05076F1E00000A281D00000A81060000010E06076F1F00000A281D00000A81060000010E07076F2000000A8C1C0000016F2100000A281800000A8103000001002A1E02282400000A2A42534A4201000100000000000C00000076322E302E35303732370000000005006C000000D8020000237E0000440300007C04000023537472696E677300000000C00700000800000023555300C8070000100000002347554944000000D8070000A403000023426C6F620000000000000002000001471502000900000000FA013300160000010000001C00000002000000030000000A000000240000000C00000002000000010000000200000000000A0001000000000006004E0047000600680055000A00950080000A00B10080000A00BC0080000A00C50080000600280109010600940182010600AB0182010600C80182010600E701820106000002820106001902820106003402820106004F02820106006802090106007C0282010600A80295024B00BC0200000600EB02CB0206000B03CB020A005F034403060088037E030600A10347000600BA037E030600DC037E0306000B04470006004A047E0300000000010000000000010001000100100029000000050001000100D0200000000096009F000A0001002C21000000009100D100130003005C22000000008618EB002D000B0000000100F10000000200F60000000100FD00020002000101020003003501020004004201020005004701020006005601020007006801020008007B013900EB002D004100EB0031004900EB0031005100EB0031005900EB0031006100EB0031006900EB0031007100EB0031007900EB0031008100EB0036008900EB0031009100EB003B00A100EB004100A900EB002D00B100EB002D00190074039E02B900EB00310019009603A202C100A803A602C100AE03A902B900C903AF02B900C903B502C900E5039E021900EE03C4022100FA03CA02D1000004CE022900EE03D202C9001404D8023100EE03DD02C9002504D802C9003704D802C9005904E402090068049E0221007104CA0229007604E9020900EB002D0020007B00E8002E003300F5022E001B0015032E00230015032E002B001B032E001300F5022E003B003E032E00430015032E00530015032E00630073032E006B007C032E0073008503BC02ED020480000001000000EE0CDE9C0100000046002903000002000000000000000000000001003E000000000002000000000000000000000001007400000000000000003C4D6F64756C653E0053514C434C524E65745F4469726563746F727942726F777365722E646C6C0055736572446566696E656446756E6374696F6E73006D73636F726C69620053797374656D004F626A6563740053797374656D2E436F6C6C656374696F6E730049456E756D657261626C650053797374656D2E446174610053797374656D2E446174612E53716C54797065730053716C537472696E67006F735F6469726563746F72795F696E666F0053716C426F6F6C65616E0053716C496E7436340053716C4461746554696D65006F735F6469726563746F72795F696E666F5F46696C6C526F77002E63746F7200706174680066696C746572006F626A00616C746E616D650053797374656D2E52756E74696D652E496E7465726F705365727669636573004F75744174747269627574650069735F6469726563746F72790073697A65006372656174656461746574696D65006C61737477726974656461746574696D65006C6173746163636573736461746574696D65006174747269620053797374656D2E5265666C656374696F6E00417373656D626C795469746C6541747472696275746500417373656D626C794465736372697074696F6E41747472696275746500417373656D626C79436F6E66696775726174696F6E41747472696275746500417373656D626C79436F6D70616E7941747472696275746500417373656D626C7950726F64756374417474726962757465004173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WITH PERMISSION_SET = SAFE

GO

-- Create the Asymmetric Key from the Assembly. (More about `CREATE ASYMMETRIC KEY`: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/create-asymmetric-key-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver15#:~:text=An%20asymmetric%20key%20is%20a,generates%20a%20new%20key%20pair.&text=The%20private%20key%20can%20be,1024%2C%20or%202048%20bits%20long.)
CREATE ASYMMETRIC KEY SQLCLRNet_ExampleKey 
FROM ASSEMBLY [SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser]
GO

-- Create the Login from the Asymmetric Key
CREATE LOGIN SQLCLRNet_ExampleLogin 
FROM ASYMMETRIC KEY SQLCLRNet_ExampleKey
GO

-- Grant the External Access Privilege to the Login
GRANT EXTERNAL ACCESS ASSEMBLY TO SQLCLRNet_ExampleLogin 
GO

-- Create the database user for Authorization on the Assembly
CREATE USER SQLCLRNet_ExampleLogin FOR LOGIN SQLCLRNet_ExampleLogin
GO

-- Set Authorization to the Database User
ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON ASSEMBLY::[SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser] TO SQLCLRNet_ExampleLogin
GO

-- Set the Assembly for External Access
ALTER ASSEMBLY [SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser] WITH PERMISSION_SET = EXTERNAL_ACCESS
GO

-- Create the TSQL Function that maps to the Assembly
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[os_directory_info](@path [nvarchar](max), @filter [nvarchar](100) = null)
RETURNS  TABLE (
    [name] [nvarchar](max) NULL,
    [is_directory] [bit] NULL,
    [size_in_bytes] [bigint] NULL,
    [create_date] [datetime] NULL,
    [last_written_to] [datetime] NULL,
    [last_accessed] [datetime] NULL,
    [attributes] [nvarchar](max) NULL
) WITH EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS 
EXTERNAL NAME [SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser].[UserDefinedFunctions].[os_directory_info]

/*
You can now run this function using something like
    SELECT *
    FROM master.dbo.os_directory_info('C:\', default)
*/

原文：Trading in xp_cmdshell for SQLCLR (Part 1) - List Directory Contents

相对于xp_cmdshell 和xp_dirtree 的一些主要好处：

• 运行时不需要 sysadmin 权限。
• 未记录功能不会导致功能消失。
• 有限的攻击面

---

另一个例子：Yet another TVF: returning files from a directory

Answer 2

您可以使用 xp_dirtree

它需要三个参数：

根目录的路径, 深度，您想要获取文件和文件夹以及 最后一个用于仅显示文件夹或同时显示文件夹和文件。

示例：EXEC xp_dirtree 'C:\', 2, 1

Answer 3

如果您愿意，可以使用 CLR 函数/程序集来实现。

1. 创建 SQL Server CLR 程序集项目。
2. 转到属性并确保将连接上的权限级别设置为外部
3. 向程序集添加 Sql 函数。

这是一个示例，它允许您像表格一样从结果集中进行选择。

public partial class UserDefinedFunctions
{
    [SqlFunction(DataAccess = DataAccessKind.Read,
        FillRowMethodName = "GetFiles_FillRow", TableDefinition = "FilePath nvarchar(4000)")]
    public static IEnumerable GetFiles(SqlString path)
    {
        return System.IO.Directory.GetFiles(path.ToString()).Select(s => new SqlString(s));
    }

    public static void GetFiles_FillRow(object obj,out SqlString filePath)
    {
        filePath = (SqlString)obj;
    }
};

还有你的 SQL 查询。

use MyDb

select * From GetFiles('C:\Temp\');

但请注意，您的数据库需要使用以下 SQL 命令启用 CLR 程序集功能。

sp_configure 'clr enabled', 1
GO
RECONFIGURE
GO

CLR 程序集（如XP_CMDShell）在默认情况下被禁用，所以如果不使用 XP Cmd Shell 的原因是因为您没有权限，那么您可能会被此选项卡住，因为嗯...仅供参考。

Answer 4

可以使用 xp_DirTree 完成，然后在需要时循环生成完整的文件路径。

这是我用来自动将数据库恢复到测试服务器的脚本的摘录。它扫描文件夹和所有子文件夹以查找任何备份文件，然后返回完整路径。

---

  DECLARE @BackupDirectory SYSNAME = @BackupFolder

  IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#DirTree') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE #DirTree

  CREATE TABLE #DirTree (
    Id int identity(1,1),
    SubDirectory nvarchar(255),
    Depth smallint,
    FileFlag bit,
    ParentDirectoryID int
   )

   INSERT INTO #DirTree (SubDirectory, Depth, FileFlag)
   EXEC master..xp_dirtree @BackupDirectory, 10, 1

   UPDATE #DirTree
   SET ParentDirectoryID = (
    SELECT MAX(Id) FROM #DirTree d2
    WHERE Depth = d.Depth - 1 AND d2.Id < d.Id
   )
   FROM #DirTree d

  DECLARE 
    @ID INT,
    @BackupFile VARCHAR(MAX),
    @Depth TINYINT,
    @FileFlag BIT,
    @ParentDirectoryID INT,
    @wkSubParentDirectoryID INT,
    @wkSubDirectory VARCHAR(MAX)

  DECLARE @BackupFiles TABLE
  (
    FileNamePath VARCHAR(MAX),
    TransLogFlag BIT,
    BackupFile VARCHAR(MAX),    
    DatabaseName VARCHAR(MAX)
  )

  DECLARE FileCursor CURSOR LOCAL FORWARD_ONLY FOR
  SELECT * FROM #DirTree WHERE FileFlag = 1

  OPEN FileCursor
  FETCH NEXT FROM FileCursor INTO 
    @ID,
    @BackupFile,
    @Depth,
    @FileFlag,
    @ParentDirectoryID  

  SET @wkSubParentDirectoryID = @ParentDirectoryID

  WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
  BEGIN
    --loop to generate path in reverse, starting with backup file then prefixing subfolders in a loop
    WHILE @wkSubParentDirectoryID IS NOT NULL
    BEGIN
      SELECT @wkSubDirectory = SubDirectory, @wkSubParentDirectoryID = ParentDirectoryID 
      FROM #DirTree 
      WHERE ID = @wkSubParentDirectoryID

      SELECT @BackupFile = @wkSubDirectory + '\' + @BackupFile
    END

    --no more subfolders in loop so now prefix the root backup folder
    SELECT @BackupFile = @BackupDirectory + @BackupFile

    --put backupfile into a table and then later work out which ones are log and full backups  
    INSERT INTO @BackupFiles (FileNamePath) VALUES(@BackupFile)

    FETCH NEXT FROM FileCursor INTO 
      @ID,
      @BackupFile,
      @Depth,
      @FileFlag,
      @ParentDirectoryID 

    SET @wkSubParentDirectoryID = @ParentDirectoryID      
  END

  CLOSE FileCursor
  DEALLOCATE FileCursor

Answer 5

我找了很久才找到一个体面的简单解决方案，最后发现了一些非常复杂的 CLR 解决方案，因此决定编写自己的简单 VB 解决方案。只需从 Installed Templates 下的 Database 选项卡创建一个新的 VB CLR 项目，然后添加一个新的 SQL CLR VB 用户定义函数。我将它重命名为 CLRGetFilesInDir.vb。这是里面的代码...

Imports System
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.Sql
Imports System.Data.SqlTypes
Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Server
Imports System.IO
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Class CLRFilesInDir
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
<SqlFunction(FillRowMethodName:="FillRowFiles", IsDeterministic:=True, IsPrecise:=True, TableDefinition:="FilePath nvarchar(4000)")> _
Public Shared Function GetFiles(PathName As SqlString, Pattern As SqlString) As IEnumerable
    Dim FileNames As String()

    Try
    FileNames = Directory.GetFiles(PathName, Pattern, SearchOption.TopDirectoryOnly)
    Catch
        FileNames = Nothing
    End Try

    Return FileNames

End Function
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Shared Sub FillRowFiles(ByVal obj As Object, ByRef Val As SqlString)
    Val = CType(obj, String).ToString
End Sub

End Class

我还将项目属性窗口中的程序集名称更改为CLRExcelFiles，并将默认命名空间更改为CLRGetExcelFiles。

注意：如果您使用的版本低于 SQL Server 2012，请将目标框架设置为 3.5。

编译项目，然后将 CLRExcelFiles.dll 从 \bin\release 复制到 SQL Server 计算机上的 C:\temp 之类的位置，而不是您自己的。

在 SSMS 中：-

CREATE ASSEMBLY <your assembly name in here - anything you like>
FROM 'C:\temp\CLRExcelFiles.dll';

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.fnGetFiles
(
@PathName NVARCHAR(MAX),
@Pattern NVARCHAR(MAX)
)
RETURNS TABLE (Val NVARCHAR(100))
AS
EXTERNAL NAME <your assembly name>."CLRGetExcelFiles.CLRFilesInDir".GetFiles;
GO

然后调用它

SELECT * FROM dbo.fnGetFiles('\\<SERVERNAME>\<$SHARE>\<folder>\' , '*.xls')

注意：即使我在 Project Properties 下的 SQLCLR 选项卡上将 Permission Level 更改为 EXTERNAL_ACCESS，我仍然需要在每次（重新）创建它时运行它。

ALTER ASSEMBLY [CLRFilesInDirAssembly] 
WITH PERMISSION_SET = EXTERNAL_ACCESS 
GO

还有乌拉！应该可以的。

Answer 6

非常简单，只需使用 SQLCMD 语法即可。

记得在 SSMS 中开启 SQLCMD-mode，在 Query -> SQLCMD Mode 下查看

尝试执行：

!!目录
!!:GO

或者也许：
!!DIR "c:/temp"
!!:GO