如何在 Python 3 中使用 readlines 读取由空格分隔的整数输入文件？

Question

我需要读取一个包含一行整数 (13 34 14 53 56 76) 的输入文件 (input.txt)，然后计算每个数字的平方和。

这是我的代码：

# define main program function
def main():
    print("\nThis is the last function: sum_of_squares")
    print("Please include the path if the input file is not in the root directory")
    fname = input("Please enter a filename : ")
    sum_of_squares(fname)

def sum_of_squares(fname):
    infile = open(fname, 'r')
    sum2 = 0
    for items in infile.readlines():
        items = int(items)
        sum2 += items**2
    print("The sum of the squares is:", sum2)
    infile.close()

# execute main program function
main()

如果每个数字都在自己的行上，则可以正常工作。

但是，当所有数字都在一行上，由空格分隔时，我不知道该怎么做。在这种情况下，我收到错误：ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '13 34 14 53 56 76'

Answer 1

您可以使用file.read() 获取字符串，然后使用str.split 进行空格分割。

您需要先将每个数字从string 转换为int，然后使用内置的sum 函数计算总和。

顺便说一句，您应该使用with 语句为您打开和关闭文件：

def sum_of_squares(fname):

    with open(fname, 'r') as myFile: # This closes the file for you when you are done
        contents = myFile.read()

    sumOfSquares = sum(int(i)**2 for i in contents.split())
    print("The sum of the squares is: ", sumOfSquares)

输出：

The sum of the squares is: 13242

Answer 2

您正在尝试将包含 空格 的 字符串 转换为 整数。

你想要做的是使用 split 方法（这里是 items.split(' ')，它将返回一个 list 字符串，包含数字，没有任何这次留出空间。然后您将遍历此列表，将每个元素转换为 int，就像您已经尝试做的那样。

我相信你会找到下一步该做什么。 :)

---

这是一个简短的代码示例，其中包含更多 Pythonic 方法来实现您想要做的事情。

# The `with` statement is the proper way to open a file.
# It opens the file, and closes it accordingly when you leave it.
with open('foo.txt', 'r') as file:
    # You can directly iterate your lines through the file.
    for line in file:
        # You want a new sum number for each line.
        sum_2 = 0
        # Creating your list of numbers from your string.
        lineNumbers = line.split(' ')
        for number in lineNumbers:
            # Casting EACH number that is still a string to an integer...
            sum_2 += int(number) ** 2
        print 'For this line, the sum of the squares is {}.'.format(sum_2)

Answer 3

您可以尝试使用split() 函数在空间上拆分您的项目。

来自文档：例如，' 1 2 3 '.split() 返回['1', '2', '3']。

def sum_of_squares(fname):
    infile = open(fname, 'r')
    sum2 = 0
    for items in infile.readlines():
        sum2 = sum(int(i)**2 for i in items.split())
    print("The sum of the squares is:", sum2)
    infile.close()

Answer 4

只要保持简单，不需要任何复杂的东西。这是一个注释的分步解决方案：

def sum_of_squares(filename):

    # create a summing variable
    sum_squares = 0

    # open file
    with open(filename) as file:

        # loop over each line in file
        for line in file.readlines():

            # create a list of strings splitted by whitespace
            numbers = line.split()

            # loop over potential numbers
            for number in numbers:

                # check if string is a number
                if number.isdigit():

                    # add square to accumulated sum
                    sum_squares += int(number) ** 2

    # when we reach here, we're done, and exit the function
    return sum_squares

print("The sum of the squares is:", sum_of_squares("numbers.txt"))

哪些输出：

The sum of the squares is: 13242