python在直方图中标记新数据点

Question

我目前正在使用此代码绘制直方图。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.ticker import FormatStrFormatter

data = np.random.randn(82)
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
counts, bins, patches = ax.hist(data, facecolor='yellow', edgecolor='gray')

# Set the ticks to be at the edges of the bins.
ax.set_xticks(bins)
# Set the xaxis's tick labels to be formatted with 1 decimal place...
ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(FormatStrFormatter('%0.1f'))

# Change the colors of bars at the edges...
twentyfifth, seventyfifth = np.percentile(data, [25, 75])
for patch, rightside, leftside in zip(patches, bins[1:], bins[:-1]):
    if rightside < twentyfifth:
        patch.set_facecolor('green')
    elif leftside > seventyfifth:
        patch.set_facecolor('red')

# Label the raw counts and the percentages below the x-axis...
bin_centers = 0.5 * np.diff(bins) + bins[:-1]
for count, x in zip(counts, bin_centers):
    # Label the raw counts
    ax.annotate(str(count), xy=(x, 0), xycoords=('data', 'axes fraction'),
        xytext=(0, -18), textcoords='offset points', va='top', ha='center')

    # Label the percentages
    percent = '%0.0f%%' % (100 * float(count) / counts.sum())
    ax.annotate(percent, xy=(x, 0), xycoords=('data', 'axes fraction'),
        xytext=(0, -32), textcoords='offset points', va='top', ha='center')


# Give ourselves some more room at the bottom of the plot
plt.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.15)
plt.show()

我想在直方图上添加给定直方图 x 轴值的 x 标记（标有“橙色”、“苹果”、“菠萝”），如图所示：

我应该怎么做？

x 标记没有 y 值。

Answer 1

除了以下几行之外，所有内容都保持不变：

...
# Change the colors of bars at the edges...
left = []
right = []
twentyfifth, seventyfifth = np.percentile(data, [25, 75])
for patch, rightside, leftside in zip(patches, bins[1:], bins[:-1]):
    if rightside < twentyfifth:
        patch.set_facecolor('green')
        left.append(leftside)

    elif leftside > seventyfifth:
        patch.set_facecolor('red')
        right.append(rightside)

ax.text(left[int(len(left)/2)], 1, 'orange\n    x')
ax.text(right[0], 1, 'pineapple\n       x')
ax.text((left[int(len(left)/2)] + right[0]) / 2, 1, 'apple\n   x')

# Label the raw counts and the percentages below the x-axis...
bin_centers = 0.5 * np.diff(bins) + bins[:-1]
...

输出：

---编辑---

OP 添加了数据并要求进行编辑。

问题中OP的代码保持原样，后面要添加以下行。

data = {'product_name': ['laptop', 'printer', 'tablet', 'desk', 'chair'],'price': [2, 0.1, 2.4, 2.2, 1]}
ax.scatter(data['price'], [1]*len(data['price']), zorder=2, marker='x', c='k')
for i in range(len(data['price'])):
    ax.text(data['price'][i]-0.2, 1.5, f"{data['product_name'][i]}")

输出：

注释是重叠的，但这是预期的，因为 OP 给出的 x 值（彼此非常接近）。