运行我的单元测试时出现服务错误

Question

我最初写了一个单元测试失败，现在我已经解决了这个问题，但是当我尝试再次运行我的单元测试时，我得到了这个错误

System.InvalidOperationException：在 ServiceModel 客户端配置部分中找不到引用合同“InventoryManager.Services.IUserService”的默认端点元素。这可能是因为找不到您的应用程序的配置文件，或者因为在客户端元素中找不到与此协定匹配的端点元素。

我不知道为什么会发生这种情况，因为我在单元测试 App.Config 中使用与我的服务库 App.Config 相同的配置，并且合同名称相同。

服务库项目 App.Config

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
  <configSections>
    <section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=4.4.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" />
    <!-- For more information on Entity Framework configuration, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=237468 -->
  </configSections>
  <system.web>
    <compilation debug="true" />
  </system.web>
  <!-- When deploying the service library project, the content of the config file must be added to the host's 
  app.config file. System.Configuration does not support config files for libraries. -->
  <system.serviceModel>
    <services>
      <service name="InventoryManager.Services.UserService">
        <host>
          <baseAddresses>
            <add baseAddress="http://localhost:3637/Service.svc" />
          </baseAddresses>
        </host>
        <!-- Service Endpoints -->
        <!-- Unless fully qualified, address is relative to base address supplied above -->
        <endpoint address="" binding="basicHttpBinding" contract="InventoryManager.Services.IUserService">
          <!-- 
              Upon deployment, the following identity element should be removed or replaced to reflect the 
              identity under which the deployed service runs.  If removed, WCF will infer an appropriate identity 
              automatically.
          -->
          <identity>
            <dns value="localhost" />
          </identity>
        </endpoint>
        <!-- Metadata Endpoints -->
        <!-- The Metadata Exchange endpoint is used by the service to describe itself to clients. -->
        <!-- This endpoint does not use a secure binding and should be secured or removed before deployment -->
        <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />
      </service>
    </services>
    <behaviors>
      <serviceBehaviors>
        <behavior>
          <!-- To avoid disclosing metadata information, 
          set the value below to false before deployment -->
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="True" />
          <!-- To receive exception details in faults for debugging purposes, 
          set the value below to true.  Set to false before deployment 
          to avoid disclosing exception information -->
          <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="False" />
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
    </behaviors>
  </system.serviceModel>
  <connectionStrings>
    <add name="InventoryManagerEntities" connectionString="metadata=res://*/InventoryManagerModel.csdl|res://*/InventoryManagerModel.ssdl|res://*/InventoryManagerModel.msl;provider=System.Data.SqlClient;provider connection string=&quot;data source=JUNIORLABOLD4A3\SQLEXPRESS;initial catalog=InventoryManager;integrated security=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=True;App=EntityFramework&quot;" providerName="System.Data.EntityClient" />
  </connectionStrings>
  <entityFramework>
    <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.SqlConnectionFactory, EntityFramework" />
  </entityFramework>
</configuration>

单元测试项目 App.config

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
  <configSections>
    <section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=4.4.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" />
    <!-- For more information on Entity Framework configuration, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=237468 -->
  </configSections>
  <system.web>
    <compilation debug="true" />
  </system.web>
  <!-- When deploying the service library project, the content of the config file must be added to the host's 
  app.config file. System.Configuration does not support config files for libraries. -->
  <system.serviceModel>
    <services>
      <service name="InventoryManager.Services.UserService">
        <host>
          <baseAddresses>
            <add baseAddress="http://localhost:3637/Service.svc?wsdl" />
          </baseAddresses>
        </host>
        <!-- Service Endpoints -->
        <!-- Unless fully qualified, address is relative to base address supplied above -->
        <endpoint address="" binding="basicHttpBinding" contract="InventoryManager.Services.IUserService">
          <!-- 
              Upon deployment, the following identity element should be removed or replaced to reflect the 
              identity under which the deployed service runs.  If removed, WCF will infer an appropriate identity 
              automatically.
          -->
          <identity>
            <dns value="localhost" />
          </identity>
        </endpoint>
      </service>
    </services>
    <behaviors>
      <serviceBehaviors>
        <behavior>
          <!-- To avoid disclosing metadata information, 
          set the value below to false before deployment -->
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="True" />
          <!-- To receive exception details in faults for debugging purposes, 
          set the value below to true.  Set to false before deployment 
          to avoid disclosing exception information -->
          <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="False" />
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
    </behaviors>
  </system.serviceModel>
  <connectionStrings>
    <add name="InventoryManagerEntities" connectionString="metadata=res://*/InventoryManagerModel.csdl|res://*/InventoryManagerModel.ssdl|res://*/InventoryManagerModel.msl;provider=System.Data.SqlClient;provider connection string=&quot;data source=JUNIORLABOLD4A3\SQLEXPRESS;initial catalog=InventoryManager;integrated security=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=True;App=EntityFramework&quot;" providerName="System.Data.EntityClient" />
  </connectionStrings>
  <entityFramework>
    <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.SqlConnectionFactory, EntityFramework" />
  </entityFramework>
</configuration>

Answer 1

单元测试的应用配置文件应该有一个<clients> 部分，而不是<services> 部分。

从单元测试的配置文件中删除 <services> 部分，并将其替换为以下内容：

<client>
  <endpoint address="http://localhost:3637/Service.svc" 
            binding="basicHttpBinding" 
            contract="InventoryManager.Services.IUserService">
</client>

<services> 部分用于定义服务应用程序的服务，而<client> 部分用于定义客户端将连接到的服务。