如何从 HTML 中选择要在 Javascript 中使用的特定用户输入

Question

您好，我正在尝试构建 BAC（身体酒精含量）计算器。 除了具有 3 个选择的“酒精类型”之外，所有按钮都是用户单独输入的。查看下面的 HTML。

 <div class="main-container">
        <div class="viewport">
            <div class="gender-buttons" id="gender-buttons">
                <button class="male-button">MALE</button>
                <button class="female-button">FEMALE</button>
            </div>
            <div class="weight-input" >
                <h3>ENTER WEIGHT</h3>
                <input id="weight-input" type="number" placeholder="75kg" required>
            </div>
            <div class="alcohol-content" >
                <h3>I'VE HAD</h3>
                <input id="alcohol-content" type="number" placeholder="5" required>
            </div>
            <div class="alcohol-type">
                <h3>OF</h3>
                <select name="type-of-alcohol" id="alcohol-type">
                    <option value="1.5">Shots of Spirits</option>
                    <option value="5">Glasses of Wine</option>
                    <option value="12">Pints of Beer</option>
                </select>
            </div>
            <div class="submit-button" >
                <input type="submit" id="submit-button">
            </div>
            <div class="result-container" id="result-container">
                
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

这是我的 JS 代码。

//输入

   let weightElement = document.getElementById("weight-input");         // User enters weight
   let amountElement = document.getElementById("alcohol-content")       // Number of drinks consumed
   let submitButton = document.getElementById("submit-button")          // Submits calculation 
   const alcoholTypeElement = document.getElementById("alcohol-type")   // Type of alcohol consumed with ounces as measurement of value 

//计算BAC的函数

submitButton.addEventListener('click', function(){               // User clicks Submit button will start the calculation
const weight = parseInt(weightElement.value);                    // Weight will be the integer value of the weightElement input
const amount = parseInt(amountElement.value);                    // Amount will be the integer value of amountElement input 
const alcoholType = parseInt(alcoholTypeElement.value);          // AlcoholType will be the integer value of alcoholTypeElement
const gramsOfAlcohol = (alcoholType*amount)*14;                  // 14 is the standard multipler for US/UK for grams of alcohol/ per standard unit
const genderMultiplyer = 0.55;
const bloodAlcoholContent = (gramsOfAlcohol / ((weight * 1000) * genderMultiplyer))*100

document.getElementById("result-container").innerHTML = 
bloodAlcoholContent.toFixed(2);})

如您所见，所有元素都已链接到它们各自的 JS 变量。现在“酒精类型”有 3 个选择，烈酒、葡萄酒和啤酒。每个人都有自己的价值观。我正在尝试将“值”作为条件合并到我的函数中。

我尝试创建一个如下所示的 switch 语句来反映其酒精量的值（例如，Spirits 是 40% 酒精，标准单位是 1.5 盎司，并且在上面的变量中（constgramOfAlcohol = (alcoholType*amount )*14；其中 14 是计算每盎司酒精克数的标准乘数：

    const alcoholTypeValue = (alcoholType) => {

    switch(value){
        case 12:
        return value * 0.05                    // 0.05 = 5% Alcohol (Beers)
        break 
        case 5:
        return value * 0.12                    // 0.12 = 5% Alcohol (Wine)
        break 
        case 1.5:
        return value * 0.4                     // 0.40 = 5% Alcohol (Spirits)
        break 

    }

}

因此，如果用户选择烈酒，那么我们知道标准酒精含量为 40% 的烈酒（1.5 盎司）乘以 14 将得到 8.4 克纯酒精。

因此，如果用户选择葡萄酒，那么我们知道标准杯（5 盎司）12% 酒精的葡萄酒乘以 14 将得到 8.4 克纯酒精。

因此，如果用户选择啤酒，那么我们知道标准品脱（12 盎司）5% 酒精的烈酒乘以 14 将得到 8.4 克纯酒精。

我希望这会有所帮助，我似乎找不到针对我的问题的具体问题，但本质上，我最终使用的选择需要在用于我的函数之前进行预先计算。

谢谢

Answer 1

你实际上并不需要一个函数，一个带有键/值对的简单对象/字典就可以了。此外，您需要使用 parseFloat 来解析酒精类型，而不是 parseInt，因为它会将 1.5 截断为 1，从而产生错误。另外，我没有修正您的性别选择，因为我不明白它是如何工作的：

let weightElement = document.getElementById("weight-input"); // User enters weight
let amountElement = document.getElementById("alcohol-content") // Number of drinks consumed
let submitButton = document.getElementById("submit-button") // Submits calculation 
const alcoholTypeElement = document.getElementById("alcohol-type") // Type of alcohol consumed with ounces as measurement of value

submitButton.addEventListener('click', function() { // User clicks Submit button will start the calculation
  const weight = parseInt(weightElement.value); // Weight will be the integer value of the weightElement input
  const amount = parseInt(amountElement.value); // Amount will be the integer value of amountElement input 

  // You had a bug here - need to parseFloat, not parseInt
  const alcoholType = parseFloat(alcoholTypeElement.value); // AlcoholType will be the integer value of alcoholTypeElement

  // This is your object with key/values pairs
  const alcoholTypes = {
    12: 0.05,
    5: 0.12,
    1.5: 0.4
  }

  // here you apply your alcohol type multiplicator alcoholTypes[alcoholType] to amount 
  const gramsOfAlcohol = (alcoholTypes[alcoholType] * amount) * 14; // 14 is the standard multipler for US/UK for grams of alcohol/ per standard unit

  const genderMultiplyer = 0.55;
  const bloodAlcoholContent = (gramsOfAlcohol / ((weight * 1000) * genderMultiplyer)) * 100

  document.getElementById("result-container").innerHTML =
    bloodAlcoholContent.toFixed(2);
})

<div class="main-container">
  <div class="viewport">
    <div class="gender-buttons" id="gender-buttons">
      <button class="male-button">MALE</button>
      <button class="female-button">FEMALE</button>
    </div>
    <div class="weight-input">
      <h3>ENTER WEIGHT</h3>
      <input id="weight-input" type="number" placeholder="75kg" required>
    </div>
    <div class="alcohol-content">
      <h3>I'VE HAD</h3>
      <input id="alcohol-content" type="number" placeholder="5" required>
    </div>
    <div class="alcohol-type">
      <h3>OF</h3>
      <select name="type-of-alcohol" id="alcohol-type">
        <option value="1.5">Shots of Spirits</option>
        <option value="5">Glasses of Wine</option>
        <option value="12">Pints of Beer</option>
      </select>
    </div>
    <div class="submit-button">
      <input type="submit" id="submit-button">
    </div>
    <div class="result-container" id="result-container">

    </div>
  </div>
</div>