Scrapy、privoxy 和 Tor：SocketError：[Errno 61] 连接被拒绝

Question

我正在使用带有 Privoxy 和 Tor 的 Scrapy。这是我之前的问题Scrapy with Privoxy and Tor: how to renew IP，这里是蜘蛛：

from scrapy.contrib.spiders import CrawlSpider
from scrapy.selector import Selector
from scrapy.http import Request

class YourCrawler(CrawlSpider):
    name = "****"
    start_urls = [
    'https://****.com/listviews/titles.php',
    ]
    allowed_domains = ["****.com"]

    def parse(self, response):
        # go to the urls in the list
        s = Selector(response)
        page_list_urls = s.xpath('///*[@id="tab7"]/article/header/h2/a/@href').extract()
        for url in page_list_urls:
            yield Request(response.urljoin(url), callback=self.parse_following_urls, dont_filter=True)

        # Return back and go to bext page in div#paginat ul li.next a::attr(href) and begin again
        next_page = response.css('ul.pagin li.presente ~ li a::attr(href)').extract_first()
        if next_page is not None:
            next_page = response.urljoin(next_page)
            yield Request(next_page, callback=self.parse)

    # For the urls in the list, go inside, and in div#main, take the div.ficha > div.caracteristicas > ul > li
    def parse_following_urls(self, response):
        #Parsing rules go here
        for each_book in response.css('main#main'):
            yield {
                'editor': each_book.css('header.datos1 > ul > li > h5 > a::text').extract(),
            }

在 settings.py 我有一个用户代理轮换和 privoxy：

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
        #user agent
        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware' : None,
        '****.comm.rotate_useragent.RotateUserAgentMiddleware' :400,
        #privoxy
        'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': 110,
        '****.middlewares.ProxyMiddleware': 100
    }

在 middlewares.py 我添加了：

from stem import Signal
from stem.control import Controller

def _set_new_ip():
    with Controller.from_port(port=9051) as controller:
        controller.authenticate(password='tor_password')
        controller.signal(Signal.NEWNYM)

class ProxyMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        _set_new_ip()
        request.meta['proxy'] = 'http://127.0.0.1:8118'
        spider.log('Proxy : %s' % request.meta['proxy'])

如果我取出 middlewares.py 中类的 def _set_new_ip(): 方法（并在 class ProxyMiddleware(object): 中调用它，蜘蛛就可以工作。但我希望蜘蛛每次都调用一个新 IP，这就是为什么我添加了它。问题是每次我尝试运行蜘蛛时它都会返回错误SocketError: [Errno 61] Connection refused，并带有此回溯：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/twisted/internet/defer.py", line 1386, in _inlineCallbacks
    result = g.send(result)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/scrapy/core/downloader/middleware.py", line 37, in process_request
    response = yield method(request=request, spider=spider)
  File "/Users/nikita/scrapy/***/***/middlewares.py", line 71, in process_request
    _set_new_ip()
  File "/Users/nikita/scrapy/***/***/middlewares.py", line 65, in _set_new_ip
    with Controller.from_port(port=9051) as controller:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/stem/control.py", line 998, in from_port
    control_port = stem.socket.ControlPort(address, port)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/stem/socket.py", line 372, in __init__
    self.connect()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/stem/socket.py", line 243, in connect
    self._socket = self._make_socket()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/stem/socket.py", line 401, in _make_socket
    raise stem.SocketError(exc)
SocketError: [Errno 61] Connection refused
2017-07-11 15:50:28 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)

也许问题出在with Controller.from_port(port=9051) as controller: 中使用的端口上，但我不确定。如果有人有一个很棒的想法……

编辑---

好的，如果我打开浏览器并转到http://127.0.0.1:8118/，它是：

503 
This is Privoxy 3.0.26 on localhost (127.0.0.1), port 8118, enabled
Forwarding failure
Privoxy was unable to socks5-forward your request http://127.0.0.1:8118/ through localhost: SOCKS5 request failed

Just try again to see if this is a temporary problem, or check your forwarding settings and make sure that all forwarding servers are working correctly and listening where they are supposed to be listening.

所以可能和SOCKS5的配置有关……有人知道吗？

Answer 1

我的猜测是：

1. Tor 没有运行。要确定 Tor 是否正在运行，请在终端上运行 ps（例如，ps -ax | grep tor）和 netstat（例如，对于 mac：netstat -an | grep 'your tor portnumber'。对于 linux，将 -an 替换为 -tulnp）以查看是否Tor 真的在运行。
2. 您没有正确设置转发设置。根据 503 错误消息，您似乎没有正确设置转发规则（如果 Tor 正在运行）。在 Privoxy 的配置文件中，确保 forward-socks5t / 127.0.0.1:9050 . 未注释。

Answer 2

class ProxyMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        def _set_new_ip():
            with Controller.from_port(port=9051) as controller:
                controller.authenticate(password='PASSWORDHERE')
                controller.signal(Signal.NEWNYM)
        request.meta['proxy'] = 'http://127.0.0.1:8118'
        spider.log('Proxy : %s' % request.meta['proxy'])