reactjs中如何在一个组件或类文件中使用多个或两个状态值？

Question

我正在尝试使用状态来隐藏语义 UI 模型表单，并将 JSON 传递给客户类以添加新客户。我能够传递值，但最终只有一个值。

当我开始输入名称时，在控制台面板中，第一个字符名称为空“”，第二个字符有单个“a”

在地址

点击创建按钮

当我点击创建按钮时，名称为空“”并且地址具有价值。

import React from 'react';
import { Button, Form, Modal } from 'semantic-ui-react';

export default class AddCustomer extends React.Component {

constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = {
        showCreateForm:false,
        formData:{
            name: '',
            address: ''
        }
    }
    this.handleChangeName = this.handleChangeName.bind(this);
    this.handleChangeAddress = this.handleChangeAddress.bind(this);
    this.handleSubmit = this.handleSubmit.bind(this);
}

handleChangeName(event) {
    const value = event.target.value;

    console.log(value);

    this.setState({formData:{name:value}});

    //when i go to add input the formData is still empty name is empty.
    //name: ""
    //address: ""
    console.log(this.state.formData);
}

handleChangeAddress(event) {
    const value = event.target.value;
    console.log(value);
    this.setState({formData:{address:value}});

    //name: "ram" but now there is no address in formData
    console.log(this.state.formData);
}

handleSubmit(event) {
    event.preventDefault();

    ////address: "aaaaa" now there no name in formData
    console.log(this.state.formData);

    this.setState({formData:{
        name:this.state.name, address:this.state.address
    }});
    this.props.onAddFormSubmit(this.state.formData);
}

//On cancel button click close Create user form
closeCreateForm = () => {
    this.setState({ showCreateForm: false })
}

//Open Create new Customer form
openCreateCustomer = () => {
    this.setState({ showCreateForm: true })
}

render() {

    return (
        <div>
            <Modal closeOnTriggerMouseLeave={false} trigger={
                <Button color='blue' onClick={this.openCreateCustomer}>
                    New Customer
        </Button>
            } open={this.state.showCreateForm}>
                <Modal.Header>
                    Create customer
    </Modal.Header>
                <Modal.Content>
                    <Form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>

                        <Form.Field>
                            <label>Name</label>
                            <input type="text" placeholder ='Name' name = "name"
                                value = {this.state.name} 
                                onChange = {this.handleChangeName}/>
                        </Form.Field>

                        <Form.Field>
                            <label>Address</label>
                            <input type="text" placeholder ='Address' name = "address"
                                value = {this.state.address}
                                onChange = {this.handleChangeAddress}/>
                        </Form.Field>
                        <br/>
                        <Button type='submit' floated='right' color='green'>Create</Button>
                        <Button floated='right' onClick={this.closeCreateForm} color='black'>Cancel</Button>
                        <br/>
                    </Form>

                </Modal.Content>
            </Modal>

        </div>
    )
}

}

Answer 1

function handleChangeName(event) {
    const value = event.target.value;
    this.setState((prevState)=>({ formData: { name: value, address: prevState.formData.address }}),
    ()=>{ console.log(this.state.formData)});
}

function handleChangeAddress(event) {
    const value = event.target.value;
    this.setState((prevState)=>({ formData: { name: prevState.formData.name, address: value}}),
    ()=>{ console.log(this.state.formData)});
}

1. 如果您在 setState() 或状态更新后接下来要做什么，则必须使用回调函数。
2. 合并状态更新

Answer 2

通过这些行，您将用一个字段的值替换整个状态：

你的初始状态：

 state = {
       formData: {
          name: "",
          address: ""
       }
    }

这行之后你的状态：

this.setState({formData:{address:value}});

 state = {
       formData: {
          address: ""
       }
    }

有了这一行： this.setState({formData:{name:value}});

state = {
       formData: {
          name: ""
       }
    }

正如 Greg b 的回答中提到的，您必须更改特定键的值并按原样复制其余部分。您还可以使用扩展运算符轻松复制其余未修改的字段。

this.setState({...this.state.formData, address: value})

只会更改地址并按原样复制其余状态。当状态中有多个字段时，这会很方便。

Answer 3

这是你的状态

formData:{
  name: '',
  address: ''
}

分别更改这两行

this.setState({formData:{address:value}});

this.setState({formData:{name:value}});

到

this.setState({formData:{name: this.state.formData.name, address:value}});`

this.setState({formData:{name:value, address: this.state.formData.address}});`

Answer 4

您似乎没有正确访问render() 中的状态，我看到您在使用this.state.name 和this.state.address 而不是this.state.formData.name 和this.state.formData.address.

此外，您可能不应该将表单数据存储在单个状态对象中，而是将其分解为每个输入的字段，例如

this.state = {
  showCreateForm: false,
  name: "...",
  address: "..."
}

您不能只更新处于状态的对象的部分，您需要更新整个事物。当您执行this.setState({formData:{address:value}}); 或基本上将this.state.formData.name 设置为undefined 时，因为该对象现在将只是{ address: value }