在 Windows 上使用 os、Popen 和 Paramiko 使用 Python 到 SCP 传输文件的问题

Question

我正在尝试让 Python 脚本通过 SCP 将文件传输到我拥有 root 访问权限且没有密码的 SSH 服务器。我在 Windows 上并且正在运行；

scp test.txt root@<ip-address>:/data

像魅力一样工作。

我尝试了几种不同的方法来让 Python 做到这一点，但无论如何我都会遇到麻烦：

1. os:

   import os
   my_scp = r'C:\Windows\System32\OpenSSH\scp.exe'
   os.system(my_scp + ' test.txt root@<ip-address>:/data')
   

   我明白了：

   找不到指定的路径（翻译后的措辞可能不同）

2. Popen:

   import subprocess
   p = subprocess.Popen(['scp', 'test.txt', 'root@<ip-address>:/data'])
   sts = os.waitpid(p.pid, 0)`
   

   我明白了：

   FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] 找不到指定的文件（再次翻译）

   我尝试了多种方式指向OpenSSH\scp.exe，但都无济于事。

3. 与帕拉米科：

   from paramiko import SSHClient
   from scp import SCPClient
   ssh = SSHClient()
   ssh.load_system_host_keys()
   ssh.connect('root@<ip-address>:data')
   with SCPClient(ssh.get_transport()) as scp:
       scp.put('test.txt', 'test.txt')`
   

   我明白了：

   Traceback (most recent call last):
     File ".\my_script.py", line 6, in <module>
       ssh.connect('root@<ip-address>:data')
     File "C:\Users\myself\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\paramiko\client.py", line 334, in connect
       to_try = list(self._families_and_addresses(hostname, port))
     File "C:\Users\myself\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\paramiko\client.py", line 204, in _families_and_addresses
       hostname, port, socket.AF_UNSPEC, socket.SOCK_STREAM
     File "C:\Users\myself\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\socket.py", line 748, in getaddrinfo
       for res in _socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, type, proto, flags):
   socket.gaierror: [Errno 11003] getaddrinfo failed
   

我在 Windows 10 中运行 Python 3.7.3。

---

更新 - 运行 scp -v:

PS C:\scp_test> scp -v test.txt root@169.254.108.26:/data
Executing: program ssh.exe host 169.254.108.26, user root, command scp -v -t /data
OpenSSH_for_Windows_7.6p1, LibreSSL 2.6.4
debug1: Connecting to 169.254.108.26 [169.254.108.26] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\myself/.ssh/id_rsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\myself/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\myself/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\myself/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\myself/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\myself/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\myself/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\myself/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_for_Windows_7.6
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version dropbear_2017.75
debug1: no match: dropbear_2017.75
debug1: Authenticating to 169.254.108.26:22 as 'root'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: algorithm: curve25519-sha256@libssh.org
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp521
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: aes128-ctr MAC: hmac-sha2-256 compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: aes128-ctr MAC: hmac-sha2-256 compression: none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp521 SHA256:RNaIuHs4U+5p8kQrcB+0pwCoKab3j6DNCk5hShNzpj4
debug1: Host '169.254.108.26' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in C:\\Users\\myself/.ssh/known_hosts:4
debug1: rekey after 4294967296 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: rekey after 4294967296 blocks
debug1: pubkey_prepare: ssh_get_authentication_socket: No such file or directory
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentication succeeded (none).
Authenticated to 169.254.108.26 ([169.254.108.26]:22).
debug1: channel 0: new [client-session]
debug1: Entering interactive session.
debug1: pledge: network
debug1: Sending command: scp -v -t /data
Sending file modes: C0666 5430 test.txt
Sink: C0666 5430 test.txt
test.txt
100% 5430     5.3KB/s   00:00
debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype exit-status reply 0
debug1: channel 0: free: client-session, nchannels 1
Transferred: sent 7080, received 1376 bytes, in -7.0 seconds
debug1: Exit status 0

更新二：我通过将 Python 重新安装为 64 位并使用 os 调用 OpenSSH 来运行它。

Answer 1

您错误地使用了 Paramiko SSHClient.connect。

SSHClient.connect 的第一个参数是hostname（在您的情况下也可以是 IP 地址）。没有用户名或其他任何内容。用户名转到 username 参数。目标路径（与 SSH 连接无关）仅到达 SCPClient.put。

这应该可行：

ssh = SSHClient()
ssh.load_system_host_keys()
ssh.connect('<ip-address>', username='root')
with SCPClient(ssh.get_transport()) as scp:
    scp.put('test.txt', '/data/test.txt')

---

关于您尝试使用scp：只是一个疯狂的猜测，但我假设您使用的是 OpenSSH 的 Win32-OpenSSH 构建。它仅提供 64 位版本。如果您使用 32 位 Python，则找不到 64 位 OpenSSH 工具，例如 scp，因为它们是 C:\Windows\System32 的 64 位版本。您可以通过魔术名称C:\Windows\sysnative\OpenSSH\sftp 访问它。阅读File System Redirector。尽管您不应该运行控制台应用程序来实现 SCP。使用原生 Python SCP 实现，例如 SCPClient。

Answer 2

如果 Win10 64 位和 Python 32 位 (3.8) 找到解决方案：

a = 'scp -r -i "path_to_your_key" path_to_file_want_to_send login@server_or_ip:path_on_server'
#  Also work if add ssh line to the a
# a += "\nssh -i path_to_your_key login@server_or_ip \"SOME COMMAND TO DO ON SERVER\""

filename = "sendjob.bat"
s = open(filename, "w+")
s.write(a)
s.close()
os.system('c:\windows\syswow64\cmd.exe /c c:\windows\sysnative\cmd.exe /c start ' + filename)

我的配置： Win10办公笔记本无root权限 我需要将文件发送到 Linux 服务器，然后在那里做一些事情。

Answer 3

第一种方法的一个可能问题是您需要将反斜杠加倍。反斜杠在字符串中用于表示特殊字符，但如果你只想要一个反斜杠，你希望有两个

import os
my_scp = r'C:\\Windows\\System32\\OpenSSH\\scp.exe'
os.system(my_scp + ' test.txt root@<ip-address>:/data')