对象数组 - std::array - 构造函数初始化问题

Question

我正在编写一个周期表程序来帮助我理解类。 我希望能够通过几个属性来显示/排序元素，例如它是金属、非金属还是准金属。我不确定该怎么做，但我的第一个猜测是创建一个对象数组；但是，我在使用构造函数设置值时遇到问题。

类

class Element{
    public:
       enum class groupNames {  HYDROGEN, ALKALI, ALKALINE, GROUP_THREE, GROUP_FOUR, GROUP_FIVE,
                                GROUP_SIX, GROUP_SEVEN, GROUP_EIGHT, GROUP_NINE, GROUP_TEN,
                                GROUP_ELEVEN,GROUP_TWELVE, GROUP_THIRTEEN, GROUP_FOURTEEN,
                                GROUP_FIFTEEN, CHALCOGEN, HALOGEN, NOBLE_GAS
                                };
        enum class orbitals {ORBITAL_NOTSET, S_BLOCK, P_BLOCK, D_BLOCK, F_BLOCK};
        enum class metal_status {METAL = 0, METALLOID, NONMETAL};
        Element();
        Element(int aNumber, int pNumber,groupNames groupnames, metal_status MetalStatus, orbitals Orbital,std::string eName, std::string eSybol);
        void displayProperties();

    private:
        groupNames groupNumber;
        orbitals orbital;
        metal_status metalStatus;
        std::string elementSymbol;
        std::string elementName;
        int atomicNumber;
        int periodNumber;
};

Element::Element()
{
    atomicNumber = 0;
    periodNumber = 0;
    groupNumber = groupNames::HYDROGEN;
    metalStatus = metal_status::METAL;
    orbital = orbitals::ORBITAL_NOTSET;
    elementName = "NULL";
    elementSymbol = "NULL";
}

Element::Element(int aNumber, int pNumber,groupNames groupnames, metal_status MetalStatus, orbitals Orbital,std::string eName, std::string eSymbol)
{
    groupNumber = groupnames;
    metalStatus = MetalStatus;
    orbital = Orbital;
    atomicNumber = aNumber;
    periodNumber = pNumber;
    elementName = eName;
    elementSymbol = eSymbol;
}

void Element::displayProperties()
{
    std::cout << elementName << ", " << elementSymbol << "\n"
              << "Group Number: " << as_integer(groupNumber) << "\n"
              << "Metal Status: " << as_integer(metalStatus) << "\n"
              << "Orbital: "      << as_integer(orbital) << "\n"
              << "Atomic Number: "<< atomicNumber << "\n"
              << "Period Number: "<< periodNumber;
}

Previous Method of Initialization //工作正常，问题是我不能按属性排序

Element Hydrogen(1,1, Element::groupNames::HYDROGEN, Element::metal_status::NONMETAL, Element::orbitals::S_BLOCK, "Hydrogen", "H");
Element Helium(2, 1, Element::groupNames::NOBLE_GAS, Element::metal_status::NONMETAL, Element::orbitals::S_BLOCK, "Helium", "He");

std::array 方法 -- 问题！

std::array<Element, 115> Elements =
{
    Elements[0],
    Elements[1](1,1, Element::groupNames::HYDROGEN, Element::metal_status::NONMETAL, Element::orbitals::S_BLOCK, "Hydrogen", "H")
};

错误： 错误：不匹配调用 '(std::array::value_type {aka Element}) (int, int, Element::groupNames, Element::metal_status, Element::orbitals, const char [9], const char [2])'

Answer 1

您可能需要两套牙套（我正忙着弄清楚clang 在抱怨什么。）我建议统一初始化。另外，我在您的枚举前面加上 Element 以作为限定符，并更改它们以匹配它们在您的类定义中的名称。

std::array<Element, 115> Elements =
{{
    {},
    {1,1, Element::groupNames::HYDROGEN, Element::metal_status::NONMETAL, Element::orbitals::S_ORBITAL, "Hydrogen", "H"}
}};

---

或者，您可以尝试：

std::array<Element, 115> Elements
{  
  Element(), 
  Element(1,1, Element::groupNames::HYDROGEN, Element::metal_status::NONMETAL, Element::orbitals::S_ORBITAL, "Hydrogen", "H")  
};