ElementTree 不打印属性答案

【问题标题】：ElementTree not printing attributesElementTree 不打印属性
【发布时间】：2020-09-30 21:30:36
【问题描述】：

您好，我有下一个 xml 文件：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!-- MPD file Generated with GPAC version 0.7.2-DEV-rev986-gb3353c225-master  at 2020-04-05T02:33:59.948Z-->
<MPD xmlns="urn:mpeg:dash:schema:mpd:2011" minBufferTime="PT1.500S" type="static" mediaPresentationDuration="PT0H3M0.000S" maxSubsegmentDuration="PT0H0M7.000S" profiles="urn:mpeg:dash:profile:isoff-on-demand:2011">
 <ProgramInformation moreInformationURL="http://gpac.io">
  <Title>video.mpd generated by GPAC</Title>
 </ProgramInformation>

 <Period duration="PT0H3M0.000S">
  <AdaptationSet segmentAlignment="true" maxWidth="2592" maxHeight="1080" maxFrameRate="24" par="2592:1080" lang="eng" startWithSAP="1" subsegmentAlignment="true" subsegmentStartsWithSAP="1">
   <Representation id="1" mimeType="video/mp4" codecs="avc1.640032" width="2592" height="1080" frameRate="24" sar="1:1" bandwidth="1729262">
    <BaseURL>video-1080_dashinit.mp4</BaseURL>
    <SegmentBase indexRangeExact="true" indexRange="920-1263">
     <Initialization range="0-919"/>
    </SegmentBase>
   </Representation>
   <Representation id="2" mimeType="video/mp4" codecs="avc1.640020" width="1728" height="720" frameRate="24" sar="1:1" bandwidth="862289">
    <BaseURL>video-720_dashinit.mp4</BaseURL>
    <SegmentBase indexRangeExact="true" indexRange="919-1262">
     <Initialization range="0-918"/>
    </SegmentBase>
   </Representation>
   <Representation id="3" mimeType="video/mp4" codecs="avc1.64001E" width="864" height="360" frameRate="24" sar="1:1" bandwidth="444517">
    <BaseURL>video-360_dashinit.mp4</BaseURL>
    <SegmentBase indexRangeExact="true" indexRange="919-1262">
     <Initialization range="0-918"/>
    </SegmentBase>
   </Representation>
  </AdaptationSet>
  <AdaptationSet segmentAlignment="true" lang="eng" startWithSAP="1" subsegmentAlignment="true" subsegmentStartsWithSAP="1">
   <Representation id="4" mimeType="audio/mp4" codecs="mp4a.40.2" audioSamplingRate="44100" bandwidth="129580">
    <AudioChannelConfiguration schemeIdUri="urn:mpeg:dash:23003:3:audio_channel_configuration:2011" value="2"/>
    <BaseURL>video-audio_dashinit.mp4</BaseURL>
    <SegmentBase indexRangeExact="true" indexRange="863-1338">
     <Initialization range="0-862"/>
    </SegmentBase>
   </Representation>
  </AdaptationSet>
 </Period>
</MPD>

我正在尝试从 Python 中的标签中获取属性 segmentAlignment 的值，如下所示：

tree = ET.parse(MPDPath)
root = tree.getroot()

Periods = root.findall('Period')

for Period in Periods:

    AdaptationSets = Period.findall('AdaptationSet')

    for AdaptationSet in AdaptationSets:

        print(AdaptationSet.attrib['segmentAlignment'])

但它总是从该属性中返回 None 或没有提取字符串...

我做错了什么？我知道 MPD 路径是正确的。

【问题讨论】：

XML 文档使用默认命名空间（由xmlns="urn:mpeg:dash:schema:mpd:2011" 定义）。这是需要考虑的。一种方法是在所有findall 搜索中使用命名空间通配符：root.findall("{*}Period")。见stackoverflow.com/a/62117710/407651

标签： python python-3.x xml elementtree

【解决方案1】：

您的代码应该使用命名空间在此 XML 中查找，如下所示：

ns = {'url': 'urn:mpeg:dash:schema:mpd:2011'}

for period in root.findall('url:Period', ns):
    adaptationSets = period.findall('url:AdaptationSet', ns)
    for adaptset in adaptationSets:
      print(adaptset.attrib['segmentAlignment'])

这是文档：https://docs.python.org/3/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#parsing-xml-with-namespaces

【讨论】：