使用 VBA 将 HTML 表转换为 Excel

Question

将 HTML 表格转换为 Excel

下面的代码获取位于https://rasmusrhl.github.io/stuff 的 HTML 表，并将其转换为 Excel 格式。

问题是：

• 括号中的数字转换为负数
• 数字被四舍五入或截断

解决方案

感谢大家的伟大贡献。各种各样的答案帮助我理解，就我的目的而言，解决方法是最好的 解决方案：因为我自己生成HTML表格，所以我可以控制每个单元格的CSS。存在 CSS 代码来指示 Excel 如何 解释单元格内容：http://cosicimiento.blogspot.dk/2008/11/styling-excel-cells-with-mso-number.html，在此也有解释 提问：Format HTML table cell so that Excel formats as text?

在我的例子中，CSS 应该是文本，即mso-number-format:\"\\@\"。它集成在下面的 R 代码中：

library(htmlTable)
library(nycflights13)
library(dplyr)

nycflights13::planes %>% 
    slice(1:10) %>% mutate( seats = seats*1.0001,
                            s1    = c("1-5", "5-10", "1/2", "1/10", "2-3", "1", "1.0", "01", "01.00", "asfdkjlæ" ),
                            s2    = c("(10)", "(12)", "(234)", "(00)", "(01)", "(098)", "(01)", "(01.)", "(001.0)", "()" )) -> df 


rle_man <- rle(df$manufacturer)

css_matrix <- matrix( data = "mso-number-format:\"\\@\"", nrow = nrow(df), ncol = ncol(df))
css_matrix[,1] <- "padding-left: 0.4cm;mso-number-format:\"\\@\""
css_matrix[,2:10] <- "padding-left: 1cm;mso-number-format:\"\\@\""
css_matrix[,5] <- "padding-left: 2cm;mso-number-format:\"\\@\""


htmlTable( x = df,  
           rgroup   = rle_man$values, n.rgroup = rle_man$lengths, 
           rnames   = FALSE, align = c("l", "r" ), 
           cgroup   =  rbind(  c("", "Some text goes here. It is long and does not break", "Other text goes here", NA),
                               c( "", "Machine type<br>(make)", "Specification of machine", "Other variables")),
           n.cgroup = rbind(   c(1,8,2, NA),
                               c(1, 3, 5, 2)), 
           css.cell = css_matrix )            -> html_out

temp_file <- tempfile( pattern = "table", fileext = ".html" )
readr::write_file( x = html_out, path = temp_file)
utils::browseURL( temp_file)

可以将该 HTML 文件拖放到 Excel 中，并将所有单元格解释为文本。请注意，只有将 html-file 拖放到 excel 中有效，在浏览器中打开表格并将其复制粘贴到 excel 中不起作用。

这种方法唯一缺少的是水平线，但我可以忍受。

下面是VBA，效果和拖拽一样：

Sub importhtml()
'
' importhtml Macro
'

'
With ActiveSheet.QueryTables.Add(Connection:= _
                                 "URL;file:///C:/Users/INSERTUSERNAME/Desktop/table18b85c0a20f3html.HTML", Destination:=Range("$a$1"))

.FieldNames = True
.RowNumbers = False
.FillAdjacentFormulas = False
.PreserveFormatting = False
.RefreshOnFileOpen = False
.BackgroundQuery = True
.RefreshStyle = xlInsertDeleteCells
.SavePassword = False
.SaveData = True
.AdjustColumnWidth = True
.RefreshPeriod = 0
.WebSelectionType = xlEntirePage
.WebFormatting = xlWebFormattingAll
.WebPreFormattedTextToColumns = True
.WebConsecutiveDelimitersAsOne = True
.WebSingleBlockTextImport = False
.WebDisableDateRecognition = True
.WebDisableRedirections = False
.Refresh BackgroundQuery:=False
End With

End Sub

Answer 1

使用 url https://rasmusrhl.github.io/stuff，幸运的是 Excel 可以直接打开它并保存为 .xlsx（在繁琐的过程之前为什么没有人尝试这个）。如果直接打开失败，这里的所有其他方法都是不错的选择！

Option Explicit

Sub OpenWebFile()
    Const URL As String = "https://rasmusrhl.github.io/stuff"
    Dim oWB As Workbook
    On Error Resume Next
    Set oWB = Workbooks.Open(Filename:=URL, ReadOnly:=True)
    If oWB Is Nothing Then
        MsgBox "Cannot open the url " & URL, vbExclamation + vbOKOnly, "ERR " & Err.Number & ":" & Err.Description
        Err.Clear
    Else
        ' Change to your desired path and filename
        oWB.SaveAs Filename:="C:\Test\stuff.xlsx", FileFormat:=xlOpenXMLWorkbook
        Set oWB = Nothing
    End If
End Sub

Answer 2

处理 HTML，然后将其复制并粘贴到 Excel 中将

以下是我使用的步骤：

• CreateObject("MSXML2.XMLHTTP"): 获取 URL 的 responseText
• CreateObject("HTMLFile"): 从 responseText 创建一个 HTML 文档
• 用黑色替换灰色以使边框变暗
• 在列 s1 和 s2 前加上 @ 以保留格式
• 将 HTML 复制到 Windows 剪贴板
  • 注意：HTML 需要包含在 HTML 和 Body 标签中才能正确粘贴
• 设置目标工作表
• 将 HTML 粘贴到工作表中
• 将@ 符号替换为'
  • 注意：这会通过将数据存储为文本来保留格式
• 完成工作表的格式化

---

Sub LoadTable()
    Const URL = "https://rasmusrhl.github.io/stuff/"
    Dim x As Long
    Dim doc As Object, tbl As Object, rw As Object
    With CreateObject("MSXML2.XMLHTTP")
        .Open "GET", URL, False
        .send
        If .readyState = 4 And .Status = 200 Then
            Set doc = CreateObject("HTMLFile")
            doc.body.innerHTML = .responseText
            doc.body.innerHTML = Replace(doc.body.innerHTML, "grey", "black")
            Set tbl = doc.getElementsByTagName("TABLE")(0)

            For x = 0 To tbl.Rows.Length - 1
                Set rw = tbl.Rows(x)

                If rw.Cells.Length = 14 Then
                    'If InStr(rw.Cells(12).innerText, "-") Or InStr(rw.Cells(12).innerText, "/") Then
                    rw.Cells(12).innerText = "@" & rw.Cells(12).innerText
                    rw.Cells(13).innerText = "@" & rw.Cells(13).innerText
                End If
            Next

            With CreateObject("new:{1C3B4210-F441-11CE-B9EA-00AA006B1A69}")
                .SetText "<html><body>" & doc.body.innerHTML & "</body></html>"
                .PutInClipboard
            End With

            With Worksheets("Sheet1")
                .Cells.Clear
                .Range("A1").PasteSpecial
                .Cells.Interior.Color = vbWhite
                .Cells.WrapText = False
                .Columns.AutoFit
                .Columns("M:N").Replace What:="@", Replacement:="'"
            End With

        Else
            MsgBox "URL:  " & vbCrLf & "Ready state: " & .readyState & vbCrLf & "HTTP request status: " & .Status, vbInformation, "URL Not Responding"
        End If
    End With
End Sub

Answer 3

<style type=text/css>
    td {mso-number-format: '\@';}
</style>
<table ...

将上述单元格 (<td>s) 的全局样式定义放在您使用 R 生成的输出上或在客户端重写文档，如下所示。

Sub importhtml()
    '*********** HTML document rewrite process ***************
    Const TableUrl = "https://rasmusrhl.github.io/stuff"

    Const adTypeBinary = 1, adSaveCreateOverWrite = 2, TemporaryFolder = 2
    Dim tempFilePath, binData() As Byte

    With CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
        tempFilePath = .BuildPath(.GetSpecialFolder(TemporaryFolder), .GetTempName() & ".html")
    End With

    'download HTML document
    With CreateObject("MSXML2.ServerXMLHTTP")
        .Open "GET", TableUrl, False
        .Send
        If .Status <> 200 Then Err.Raise 3, "importhtml", "200 expected"
        binData = .ResponseBody
    End With

    With CreateObject("Adodb.Stream")
        .Charset = "x-ansi"
        .Open
        .WriteText "<style type=text/css>td {mso-number-format:'\@';}</style>"
        .Position = 0 'move to start
        .Type = adTypeBinary 'change stream type
        .Position = .Size 'move to end
        .Write binData 'append binary data end of stream
        .SaveToFile tempFilePath, adSaveCreateOverWrite 'save temporary file
        .Close
    End With
    '*********** HTML document rewrite process ***************

    With ActiveSheet.QueryTables.Add(Connection:= _
        "URL;" & tempFilePath, Destination:=Range("$A$1"))
        'load HTML document from rewritten local copy

        .Name = "stuff"
        .FieldNames = True
        .RowNumbers = False
        .FillAdjacentFormulas = False
        .PreserveFormatting = False
        .RefreshOnFileOpen = False
        .BackgroundQuery = True
        .RefreshStyle = xlInsertDeleteCells
        .SavePassword = False
        .SaveData = True
        .AdjustColumnWidth = True
        .RefreshPeriod = 0
        .WebSelectionType = xlEntirePage
        .WebFormatting = xlWebFormattingAll
        .WebPreFormattedTextToColumns = True
        .WebConsecutiveDelimitersAsOne = True
        .WebSingleBlockTextImport = False
        .WebDisableDateRecognition = True
        .WebDisableRedirections = False
        .Refresh BackgroundQuery:=False

    End With

    Kill tempFilePath
End Sub

Answer 4

对于客户端解决方案

所以在第一块代码之后运行这段代码，它会重写最后两列。

Sub Test2()
    '* tools references ->
    '*   Microsoft HTML Object Library


    Dim oHtml4 As MSHTML.IHTMLDocument4
    Set oHtml4 = New MSHTML.HTMLDocument

    Dim oHtml As MSHTML.HTMLDocument
    Set oHtml = Nothing

    '* IHTMLDocument4.createDocumentFromUrl
    '* MSDN - IHTMLDocument4 createDocumentFromUrl method - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa752523(v=vs.85).aspx
    Set oHtml = oHtml4.createDocumentFromUrl("https://rasmusrhl.github.io/stuff/", "")
    While oHtml.readyState <> "complete"
        DoEvents  '* do not comment this out it is required to break into the code if in infinite loop
    Wend
    Debug.Assert oHtml.readyState = "complete"


    Dim oTRs As MSHTML.IHTMLDOMChildrenCollection
    Set oTRs = oHtml.querySelectorAll("TR")
    Debug.Assert oTRs.Length = 17

    Dim lRowNum As Long
    For lRowNum = 3 To oTRs.Length - 1

        Dim oTRLoop As MSHTML.HTMLTableRow
        Set oTRLoop = oTRs.Item(lRowNum)
        If oTRLoop.ChildNodes.Length > 1 Then

            Debug.Assert oTRLoop.ChildNodes.Length = 14

            Dim oSecondToLastColumn As MSHTML.HTMLTableCell
            Set oSecondToLastColumn = oTRLoop.ChildNodes.Item(12)

            ActiveSheet.Cells(lRowNum + 2, 13).Value2 = "'" & oSecondToLastColumn.innerText


            Dim oLastColumn As MSHTML.HTMLTableCell
            Set oLastColumn = oTRLoop.ChildNodes.Item(13)

            ActiveSheet.Cells(lRowNum + 2, 14).Value2 = "'" & oLastColumn.innerText

        End If
        'Stop

    Next lRowNum

    ActiveSheet.Columns("M:M").EntireColumn.AutoFit
    ActiveSheet.Columns("N:N").EntireColumn.AutoFit


End Sub

对于服务器端解决方案

现在我们知道您可以控制源脚本并且它在 R 中，那么您可以更改 R 脚本以使用 mso-number-format:'\@' 设置最后一列的样式。这是一个实现这一点的示例 R 脚本，它构建了一个与数据相同维度的 CSS 矩阵，并将 CSS 矩阵作为参数传递给htmlTable。我没有篡改您的 R 源代码，而是在这里给出一个简单的说明供您解释。

A=matrix(c("(2)","(4)","(3)","(1)","(5)","(7)"),nrow=2,ncol=3,byrow=TRUE)
css_matrix <- matrix(data="",nrow=2,ncol=3)
css_matrix[,3] <- "mso-number-format:\"\\@\""
htmlTable(x=A,css.cell=css_matrix)

在 Excel 中打开我明白了

Robin Mackenzie 补充

您可能会在您的服务器端解决方案中提到 OP 只需要 将 css_matrix[,10:11]

谢谢罗宾

Answer 5

要从该页面获取表格数据（保持格式不变），您可以尝试如下：

 Sub Fetch_Data()
    Dim http As New XMLHTTP60, html As New HTMLDocument
    Dim posts As Object, post As Object, elem As Object
    Dim row As Long, col As Long

    With http
        .Open "GET", "https://rasmusrhl.github.io/stuff/", False
        .send
        html.body.innerHTML = .responseText
    End With

    Set posts = html.getElementsByClassName("gmisc_table")(0)

    For Each post In posts.Rows
        For Each elem In post.Cells
            col = col + 1: Cells(row + 1, col).NumberFormat = "@": Cells(row + 1, col) = elem.innerText
        Next elem
        col = 0
        row = row + 1
    Next post
End Sub

添加到库的参考：

1. Microsoft HTML Object Library
2. Microsoft XML, v6.0  'or whatever version you have

这就是该部分在被解析时的样子。

Answer 6

您可以尝试一下，看看您是否获得了所需的输出...

Sub GetWebData()
Dim IE As Object
Dim doc As Object
Dim TRs As Object
Dim TR As Object
Dim Cell As Object
Dim r As Long, c As Long

Application.ScreenUpdating = False

Set IE = CreateObject("InternetExplorer.Application")
IE.Visible = False
IE.navigate "https://rasmusrhl.github.io/stuff/"
Do While IE.Busy Or IE.readyState <> 4
    DoEvents
Loop
Set doc = IE.document

Set TRs = doc.getElementsByTagName("tr")
Cells.Clear

For Each TR In TRs
    r = r + 1
    For Each Cell In TR.Children
        c = c + 1
        Cells(r, c).NumberFormat = "@"
        Cells(r, c) = Cell.innerText
    Next Cell
    c = 0
Next TR
IE.Quit
Columns.AutoFit
Application.ScreenUpdating = True
End Sub

解决方案 2：

要使其工作，您需要通过转到工具（在 VBA 编辑器上）--> 参考来添加以下两个引用，然后找到下面提到的两个引用并选中它们的复选框并单击确定。

1) Microsoft XML，v6.0（查找可用的最高版本）

2) Microsoft HTML 对象库

Sub GetWebData2()
Dim XMLpage As New MSXML2.XMLHTTP60
Dim doc As New MSHTML.HTMLDocument
Dim TRs As IHTMLElementCollection
Dim TR As IHTMLElement
Dim Cell As IHTMLElement
Dim r As Long, c As Long

Application.ScreenUpdating = False

Set XMLpage = CreateObject("MSXML2.XMLHTTP")

XMLpage.Open "GET", "https://rasmusrhl.github.io/stuff/", False
XMLpage.send
doc.body.innerhtml = XMLpage.responsetext
Set TRs = doc.getElementsByTagName("tr")
Set TRs = doc.getElementsByTagName("tr")
Cells.Clear

For Each TR In TRs
    r = r + 1
    For Each Cell In TR.Children
        c = c + 1
        Cells(r, c).NumberFormat = "@"
        Cells(r, c) = Cell.innerText
    Next Cell
    c = 0
Next TR
Columns.AutoFit
Application.ScreenUpdating = True
End Sub

Answer 7

试试这个，以表格形式导入数据：

Sub ImportDataAsTable()
    ActiveWorkbook.Queries.Add Name:="Table 0", Formula:= _
        "let" & Chr(13) & "" & Chr(10) & "    Source = Web.Page(Web.Contents(""https://rasmusrhl.github.io/stuff/""))," & Chr(13) & "" & Chr(10) & "    Data0 = Source{0}[Data]," & Chr(13) & "" & Chr(10) & "    #""Changed Type"" = Table.TransformColumnTypes(Data0,{{""tailnum"", type text}, {"""", type text}, {""Some text goes here. It is long and does not break Machine type (make) year"", type text}, {""Some text goes here. It is long and does not break Mach" & _
        "ine type (make) type"", type text}, {""Some text goes here. It is long and does not break Machine type (make) manufacturer"", type text}, {""Some text goes here. It is long and does not break"", type text}, {""Some text goes here. It is long and does not break Specification of machine model"", type text}, {""Some text goes here. It is long and does not break Specifi" & _
        "cation of machine engines"", type text}, {""Some text goes here. It is long and does not break Specification of machine seats"", type text}, {""Some text goes here. It is long and does not break Specification of machine speed"", type text}, {""Some text goes here. It is long and does not break Specification of machine engine"", type text}, {""2"", type text}, {""Oth" & _
        "er text goes here Other variables s1"", type text}, {""Other text goes here Other variables s2"", type text}})" & Chr(13) & "" & Chr(10) & "in" & Chr(13) & "" & Chr(10) & "    #""Changed Type"""
    ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets.Add
    With ActiveSheet.ListObjects.Add(SourceType:=0, Source:= _
        "OLEDB;Provider=Microsoft.Mashup.OleDb.1;Data Source=$Workbook$;Location=""Table 0"";Extended Properties=""""" _
        , Destination:=Range("$A$1")).QueryTable
        .CommandType = xlCmdSql
        .CommandText = Array("SELECT * FROM [Table 0]")
        .RowNumbers = False
        .FillAdjacentFormulas = False
        .PreserveFormatting = True
        .RefreshOnFileOpen = False
        .BackgroundQuery = True
        .RefreshStyle = xlInsertDeleteCells
        .SavePassword = False
        .SaveData = True
        .AdjustColumnWidth = True
        .RefreshPeriod = 0
        .PreserveColumnInfo = True
        .ListObject.DisplayName = "Table_0"
        .Refresh BackgroundQuery:=False
    End With
End Sub

Answer 8

这适用于临时文件。

它的作用： 本地下载数据。然后，用“\”替换“（”。然后，导入数据。将数据格式化为文本（以确保我们可以将其更改回没有错误）。然后，更改文本。这不能用 Range.Replace 完成因为这将重新格式化单元格内容。

' Local Variables
Public FileName As String ' Temp File Path
Public FileUrl As String ' Url Formatted Temp File Path
Public DownloadUrl As String ' Where We're Going to Download From

' Declares Have to Be At Top
Private Declare Function GetTempPath Lib "kernel32" _
  Alias "GetTempPathA" _
  (ByVal nBufferLength As Long, _
  ByVal lpBuffer As String) As Long
Private Declare Function GetTempFileName Lib "kernel32" _
  Alias "GetTempFileNameA" _
  (ByVal lpszPath As String, _
  ByVal lpPrefixString As String, _
  ByVal wUnique As Long, _
  ByVal lpTempFileName As String) As Long

' Loads the HTML Content Without Bug
Sub ImportHtml()

    ' Set Our Download URL
    DownloadUrl = "https://rasmusrhl.github.io/stuff"

    ' Sets the Temporary File Path
    SetFilePath

    ' Downloads the File
    DownloadFile

    ' Replaces the "(" in the File With "\(", We Will Later Put it Back
    ' This Ensures Formatting of Content Isn't Modified!!!
    ReplaceStringInFile


    ' Our Query Table is Now Coming From the Local File, Instead
    Dim s As QueryTable
    Set s = ActiveSheet.QueryTables.Add(Connection:=("FINDER;file://" + FileUrl), Destination:=Range("$A$1"))

    With s

        .Name = "stuff"
        .FieldNames = True
        .RowNumbers = False
        .FillAdjacentFormulas = False
        .PreserveFormatting = False
        .RefreshOnFileOpen = False
        .BackgroundQuery = True
        .RefreshStyle = xlInsertDeleteCells
        .SavePassword = False
        .SaveData = True
        .AdjustColumnWidth = True
        .RefreshPeriod = 0
        .WebSelectionType = xlEntirePage
        .WebFormatting = xlWebFormattingAll
        .WebPreFormattedTextToColumns = True
        .WebConsecutiveDelimitersAsOne = True
        .WebSingleBlockTextImport = False
        .WebDisableDateRecognition = True
        .WebDisableRedirections = False
        .Refresh BackgroundQuery:=False

        ' Sets Formatting So When We Change Text the Data Doesn't Change
        .ResultRange.NumberFormat = "@"

        ' Loop Through Cells in Range
        ' If You Do Excel Replace, Instead It Will Change Cell Format
        Const myStr As String = "\(", myReplace As String = "("
        For Each c In .ResultRange.Cells
            Do While c.Value Like "*" & myStr & "*"
                c.Characters(InStr(1, c.Value, myStr), Len(myStr)).Text = myReplace
            Loop
        Next


    End With
End Sub

' This function replaces the "(" in the file with "\("
Sub ReplaceStringInFile()

    Dim sBuf As String
    Dim sTemp As String
    Dim iFileNum As Integer
    Dim sFileName As String

    ' Edit as needed
    sFileName = FileName

    iFileNum = FreeFile
    Open sFileName For Input As iFileNum

    Do Until EOF(iFileNum)
        Line Input #iFileNum, sBuf
        sTemp = sTemp & sBuf & vbCrLf
    Loop
    Close iFileNum

    sTemp = Replace(sTemp, "(", "\(")

    iFileNum = FreeFile
    Open sFileName For Output As iFileNum
    Print #iFileNum, sTemp
    Close iFileNum

End Sub

' This function sets file paths because we need a temp file
Function SetFilePath()

    If FileName = "" Then
        FileName = GetTempHtmlName
        FileUrl = Replace(FileName, "\", "/")
    End If

End Function

' This subroutine downloads the file from the specified URL
' The download is necessary because we will be editing the file
Sub DownloadFile()

    Dim myURL As String
    myURL = "https://rasmusrhl.github.io/stuff"

    Dim WinHttpReq As Object
    Set WinHttpReq = CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")
    WinHttpReq.Open "GET", DownloadUrl, False, "username", "password"
    WinHttpReq.send

    myURL = WinHttpReq.responseBody
    If WinHttpReq.Status = 200 Then
        Set oStream = CreateObject("ADODB.Stream")
        oStream.Open
        oStream.Type = 1
        oStream.Write WinHttpReq.responseBody
        oStream.SaveToFile FileName, 2 ' 1 = no overwrite, 2 = overwrite
        oStream.Close
    End If

End Sub

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
' THIS BLOCK OF CODE GETS A TEMPORARY FILE PATH USING THE GetTempHtmlName Function
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''


Public Function GetTempHtmlName( _
  Optional sPrefix As String = "VBA", _
  Optional sExtensao As String = "") As String
  Dim sTmpPath As String * 512
  Dim sTmpName As String * 576
  Dim nRet As Long
  Dim F As String
  nRet = GetTempPath(512, sTmpPath)
  If (nRet > 0 And nRet < 512) Then
    nRet = GetTempFileName(sTmpPath, sPrefix, 0, sTmpName)
    If nRet <> 0 Then F = Left$(sTmpName, InStr(sTmpName, vbNullChar) - 1)
    If sExtensao > "" Then
      Kill F
      If Right(F, 4) = ".tmp" Then F = Left(F, Len(F) - 4)
      F = F & sExtensao
    End If
    F = Replace(F, ".tmp", ".html")
    GetTempHtmlName = F
  End If
End Function

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
' End - GetTempHtmlName
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

Answer 9

根据 Microsoft MSDN Library: WebFormatting Property 的文档，您可以尝试对代码进行以下更改：

 .WebFormatting = xlWebFormattingNone

这可能允许在没有任何数字格式的情况下复制数据 - 然后您可以为这些单元格设置自己的数字格式（使用 MSDN: Excel VBA NumberFormat property ）

类似的解决方案应该可以解决数字被截断或舍入的问题 - 为目标范围内受影响的单元格设置小数点...