如何安装特定版本的 Spacy

Question

我正在尝试安装 spacy 版本 2.0.0，它开始下载，但无法安装并出现此错误。

Found existing installation: cymem 2.0.5
Uninstalling cymem-2.0.5:
  Successfully uninstalled cymem-2.0.5
Running setup.py install for cymem ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
 command: 'c:\users\taqi\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\python.exe' -u -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\TAQI\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-o890sm67\\cymem_134557a3656d414d8545e96d491823df\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\TAQI\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-o890sm67\\cymem_134557a3656d414d8545e96d491823df\\setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\TAQI\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-oa_pr0r9\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers 'c:\users\taqi\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\Include\cymem'
     cwd: C:\Users\TAQI\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-o890sm67\cymem_134557a3656d414d8545e96d491823df\
Complete output (17 lines):
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.9
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.9\cymem
copying cymem\about.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.9\cymem
copying cymem\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.9\cymem
package init file 'cymem\tests\__init__.py' not found (or not a regular file)
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.9\cymem\tests
copying cymem\tests\test_import.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.9\cymem\tests
copying cymem\cymem.pyx -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.9\cymem
copying cymem\cymem.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.9\cymem
copying cymem\__init__.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.9\cymem
running build_ext
building 'cymem.cymem' extension
error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/
----------------------------------------

回滚卸载 cymem 移至 c:\users\taqi\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages\cymem-2.0.5.dist-info
来自 C:\Users\TAQI\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\Lib\site-packages~ymem-2.0.5.dist-info 移至 c:\users\taqi\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages\cymem
来自 C:\Users\TAQI\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\Lib\site-packages~ymem 错误：命令出错，退出状态为 1：'c:\users\taqi\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\python.exe' -u -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\Users\TAQI\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-o890sm67\cymem_134557a3656d414d8545e96d491823df\setup.py'"'"'; 文件='"'"'C:\Users\TAQI\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-o890sm67\cymem_134557a3656d414d8545e96d491823df\setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(file) if os.path.exists(file) else io.StringIO('"'"' from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"' "');f.close();exec(compile(code, file, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\TAQI \AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-oa_pr0r9\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers 'c:\users\taqi\appdata\local\programs\ python\python39\Include\cymem' 检查日志以获取完整的命令输出。

Answer 1

您正在尝试安装一个相当旧的版本（从 2017 年开始）并且没有适用于 python 3.9 的二进制轮子（2020 年发布）。实际上，即使对于旧版本的 python，它也没有任何二进制轮子，所以要安装它，你肯定需要一个编译器。这可能不是你想要的。

如果您想要 spaCy v2 而不是 spaCy v3，请像这样安装以获得最新的 v2.x 版本（无需知道确切的版本号）：

pip install "spacy~=2.0"

目前是spacy==2.3.7。

同样，如果您需要 v2 的特定次要版本，例如 v2.3，您也可以使用 ~= 指定：

pip install "spacy~=2.3.0"

从 v2.3.3 开始只有 python 3.9 轮子。否则，您需要按照文档中的说明安装编译器：https://spacy.io/usage#source