MongoDb upsert 异常无效的 BSON 字段

Question

这个例外：

Exception in thread "Thread-1" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Invalid BSON field name id
    at org.bson.AbstractBsonWriter.writeName(AbstractBsonWriter.java:516)
    at org.bson.codecs.DocumentCodec.writeMap(DocumentCodec.java:188)
    at org.bson.codecs.DocumentCodec.encode(DocumentCodec.java:131)
    at org.bson.codecs.DocumentCodec.encode(DocumentCodec.java:45)
    at org.bson.codecs.BsonDocumentWrapperCodec.encode(BsonDocumentWrapperCodec.java:63)
    at org.bson.codecs.BsonDocumentWrapperCodec.encode(BsonDocumentWrapperCodec.java:29)
    at com.mongodb.connection.UpdateCommandMessage.writeTheWrites(UpdateCommandMessage.java:85)
    at com.mongodb.connection.UpdateCommandMessage.writeTheWrites(UpdateCommandMessage.java:43)
    at com.mongodb.connection.BaseWriteCommandMessage.encodeMessageBodyWithMetadata(BaseWriteCommandMessage.java:129)
    at com.mongodb.connection.RequestMessage.encodeWithMetadata(RequestMessage.java:160)
    at com.mongodb.connection.WriteCommandProtocol.sendMessage(WriteCommandProtocol.java:220)
    at com.mongodb.connection.WriteCommandProtocol.execute(WriteCommandProtocol.java:101)
    at com.mongodb.connection.UpdateCommandProtocol.execute(UpdateCommandProtocol.java:64)
    at com.mongodb.connection.UpdateCommandProtocol.execute(UpdateCommandProtocol.java:37)
    at com.mongodb.connection.DefaultServer$DefaultServerProtocolExecutor.execute(DefaultServer.java:168)
    at com.mongodb.connection.DefaultServerConnection.executeProtocol(DefaultServerConnection.java:289)
    at com.mongodb.connection.DefaultServerConnection.updateCommand(DefaultServerConnection.java:143)
    at com.mongodb.operation.MixedBulkWriteOperation$Run$3.executeWriteCommandProtocol(MixedBulkWriteOperation.java:490)
    at com.mongodb.operation.MixedBulkWriteOperation$Run$RunExecutor.execute(MixedBulkWriteOperation.java:656)
    at com.mongodb.operation.MixedBulkWriteOperation$Run.execute(MixedBulkWriteOperation.java:409)
    at com.mongodb.operation.MixedBulkWriteOperation$1.call(MixedBulkWriteOperation.java:177)
    at com.mongodb.operation.MixedBulkWriteOperation$1.call(MixedBulkWriteOperation.java:168)
    at com.mongodb.operation.OperationHelper.withConnectionSource(OperationHelper.java:422)
    at com.mongodb.operation.OperationHelper.withConnection(OperationHelper.java:413)
    at com.mongodb.operation.MixedBulkWriteOperation.execute(MixedBulkWriteOperation.java:168)
    at com.mongodb.operation.MixedBulkWriteOperation.execute(MixedBulkWriteOperation.java:74)
    at com.mongodb.Mongo.execute(Mongo.java:845)
    at com.mongodb.Mongo$2.execute(Mongo.java:828)
    at com.mongodb.MongoCollectionImpl.executeSingleWriteRequest(MongoCollectionImpl.java:550)
    at com.mongodb.MongoCollectionImpl.update(MongoCollectionImpl.java:542)
    at com.mongodb.MongoCollectionImpl.updateOne(MongoCollectionImpl.java:381)
    at org.hpms.gis.MongoDbTest.insert(MongoDbTest.java:63)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

由以下代码抛出：

     final UUID     id        = UUID.randomUUID();
     final double   frequency = 8_000.0 + ( 10_000.0 * Math.random() );
     final double   startSec  = 100*i;
     final double   startNano =  10*i;
     final double   endSec    = startSec  + ( 100*i );
     final double   endNano   = startNano + ( 10*i );
     final double   latitude  = ( 180.0*Math.random() ) -  90.0;
     final double   longitude = ( 360.0*Math.random() ) - 180.0;
     final Document trackID   = new Document(
        "id", new Document(
           "msb", id.getMostSignificantBits ()) .append(
           "lsb", id.getLeastSignificantBits()));
     final Document track = new Document(
        "id", new Document(
           "msb", id.getMostSignificantBits ()) .append(
           "lsb", id.getLeastSignificantBits())).append(
        "frequency", frequency    ) .append(
        "start", new Document(
           "seconds", startSec    ) .append(
           "nanoSec", startNano   )).append(
        "end", new Document(
           "seconds", endSec      ) .append(
           "nanoSec", endNano     )).append(
        "position", new Document(
           "latitude" , latitude  ) .append(
           "longitude", longitude )).append(
        "padding", new byte[1000-8-8-8-4-4-4-4-8-8] );
     //_collection.insertOne( track );
     _collection.updateOne(
        trackID,
        track,
        new UpdateOptions().upsert( true ));

注释代码_collection.insertOne( track ); 执行良好。

为什么插入没问题，而“upsert”却不行？

Answer 1

updateOne 用于使用更新运算符更新文档字段。您需要 replaceOne 来获取替换文档。

_collection.replaceOne(
        trackID,
        track,
        new UpdateOptions().upsert( true ));

这里有更多

更新操作员：https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/update-field/

更新一：https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.updateOne/

替换一：https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.replaceOne/

Answer 2

另一个选项是setOnInsert，如MongoDB的文档所示：

https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/update/setOnInsert/

该操作仅在upsert 为true 时有效。

在您的情况下，您应该将不修改的字段放在一个文档中，将要更新的字段放在另一个文档中，并在第三个文档中分别添加 $setOnInsert 和 $set 作为键。

$setOnInsert的一大优点是插入时会执行$setOnInsert和$set部分，但更新时只会执行$set。

例如，我们有一个要插入/更新的文档，它有 5 个字段：name、age、gender、createAt、updateAt。

• 当我通过字段“名称”进行查询并找不到匹配项时，我想插入包含 5 个字段的文档，并用当前日期时间填充 createAt 和 updateAt。
• 当我通过“名称”进行查询并找到匹配项时，我想用当前日期时间更新 name 和 updateAt。

我做的是：

query = Filters.eq("name", nameToSearch);
Document upsert = new Document();
Date now = new Date();

//only fields not mentioned in "$set" is needed here
Document toInsert = new Document()
        .append("age", newAge)
        .append("gender", genderString)
        .append("createAt", now);
//the fields to update here, whether on insert or on update.
Document toUpdate = new Document().append("name", nameToSearch)
        .append("updateAt", now);

//will: 
// - insert 5 fields if query returns no match
// - updates 2 fields if query returns match
upsert.append("$setOnInsert", toInsert)
        .append("$set", toUpdate);

UpdateResult result = collection.updateOne(query, toUpdate, 
    new UpdateOptions().upsert(true));