【发布时间】:2020-08-09 07:53:11
【问题描述】:
如何在我的 C(或者,原则上但在本例中不是 C++)程序中设置 RAM、堆或堆栈的使用上限?我在 Windows 10 上使用 Visual Studio。
我有一个功能齐全的程序(嗯,库和一个运行基本测试并将其演示给我正在辅导的人的小程序),我想展示内存分配失败时会发生什么。 (而且我不只是用一个愚蠢的大分配来做这件事,因为它是链表,我想在那个上下文中显示内存分配失败。)所以:我怎样才能限制我的程序允许使用的内存量,我会在哪里做呢?我会在操作系统中做些什么来告诉它“我要运行的这个应用程序只能使用 X 字节的 RAM”(或者甚至可能告诉它限制堆或堆栈大小),我会在编译器参数、链接器参数还是什么?
我编写的代码有防止非法内存访问和随后崩溃的保护,当 malloc(或仅在少数地方,calloc)返回 NULL 时!所以不要担心非法内存访问和其他事情,我对自己在做什么有一个相当好的想法。
下面是库头 singleLinkList.h 的样子:
#ifndef SINGLELINKEDLIST_H
#define SINGLELINKEDLIST_H
#ifndef KIND_OF_DATA
#define KIND_OF_DATA 3
#endif // !KIND_OF_DATA
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
typedef long long LL_t;
#if KIND_OF_DATA == 1
typedef float data_t;
#define DATA_FORM "%f"
#elif KIND_OF_DATA == 2
typedef double data_t;
#define DATA_FORM "%lf"
#elif KIND_OF_DATA == 3
typedef LL_t data_t;
#define DATA_FORM "%lld"
#else
typedef int data_t;
#define DATA_FORM "%d"
#endif // KIND_OF_DATA == 1, 2, etc...
struct listStruct;
// equivalent to `list_t*` within the .c file
typedef struct listStruct* LS_p;
// equivalent to `const list_t* const` within the .c file
typedef const struct listStruct* const LS_cpc;
typedef struct listStruct* const LS_pc;
int showSizes(void);
size_t queryNodeSize(void);
// returns NULL on failure
LS_p newList(void);
// returns NULL on failure (in memory alloc, at any point), or if given the NULL pointer
LS_p mkListCopy(LS_cpc);
// copies one list into another; leaves the destination unmodified upon failure
//returns a value indicating success/type of failure; returns 0 on success,
// various `true` values on failure depending on type
// 1 indicates simple allocation failure
// -1 indicates that you gave the NULL pointer
int copyList(LS_pc dst, LS_cpc src);
//destroys (frees) the given singly-linked list (the list_t* given, and all the list of nodes whose head it holds)
void destroyList(LS_p);
// destroys the list pointed to, then sets it to NULL
//inline void strongDestroyList(LS_p* listP) {
inline void strongDestroyList(struct listStruct** listP) {
destroyList(*listP);
*listP = NULL;
}
// Takes a pointer to a list_t
// returns how many elements it has (runs in O(n) time)
// If you don't understand what `O(n) time` means, go look up "Big O Notation"
size_t len_list(LS_cpc);
//prints a list; returns characters printed
int print_list(LS_cpc);
// gets the data at the specified index of the list; sets the output parameter on failure
data_t indexToData(LS_pc, const size_t ind, int* const err);
// will write the data at ind to the output parameter
//returns a value indicating success/type of failure; returns 0 on success,
// various `true` values on failure depending on type
// 1 indicates simple allocation failure
// -1 indicates that you gave the NULL pointer
int copyToPointer(LS_pc, const size_t ind, data_t* const out);
// gets the data at the specified index and removes it from the list; sets output param on failure
data_t popFromInd(LS_pc, const size_t ind, int* const errFlag);
// pops the first item of the list; sets the output param on failure
data_t popFromTop(LS_pc, int* const errFlag);
//returns a value indicating success/type of failure; returns 0 on success,
// various `true` values on failure depending on type
// 1 indicates simple allocation failure
// -1 indicates that you gave the NULL pointer
int assignToIndex(LS_pc, const size_t ind, const data_t value);
//returns a value indicating success/type of failure; returns 0 on success,
// various `true` values on failure depending on type
// 1 indicates simple allocation failure
// 2 indicates inability to reach the specified index, because it's not that long.
// -1 indicates that you gave the NULL pointer
int insertAfterInd(LS_pc, const size_t ind, const data_t value);
//returns a value indicating success/type of failure; returns 0 on success,
// various `true` values on failure depending on type
// 1 indicates simple allocation failure
// -1 indicates that you gave the NULL pointer
int appendToEnd(LS_pc, const data_t value);
//returns a value indicating success/type of failure; returns 0 on success,
// various `true` values on failure depending on type
// 1 indicates simple allocation failure
// -1 indicates that you gave the NULL pointer
int insertAtStart(LS_pc list, const data_t value);
#endif // !SINGLELINKEDLIST_H
下面是运行演示/测试的main.c 的样子:
#ifdef __INTEL_COMPILER
#pragma warning disable 1786
#else
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#endif // _MSC_VER
#endif // __INTEL_COMPILER
#include "singleLinkList.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void cleanInputBuffer(void) {
char c;
do {
scanf("%c", &c);
} while (c != '\n');
}
void fill_avail_memory(void) {
size_t count = 0;
LS_p list = NULL;
size_t length;
data_t fin;
int err = 0;
const size_t nSize = queryNodeSize();
printf("nSize: %zu\n", nSize);
int last = -5;
printf("Do you wish to run the test that involves filling up available memory? "
"(only 'y' will be interpreted as an affirmative) => ");
char ans;
scanf("%c", &ans);
cleanInputBuffer();
if ((ans != 'y') && (ans != 'Y')) {
printf("Okay. Terminating function...\n");
return;
}
printf("Alright! Proceeding...\n");
list = newList();
if (list == NULL) {
printf("Wow, memory allocation failure already. Terminating...\n");
return;
}
print_list(list);
while (!(last = insertAtStart(list, (data_t)count))) {
++count;
}
length = len_list(list);
if (length < 5) {
print_list(list);
}
fin = indexToData(list, 0, &err);
strongDestroyList(&list);
printf("Last return value: %d\n", last);
if (!err) {
printf("Last inserted value: " DATA_FORM "\n", fin);
}
printf("Count, which was incremented on each successfull insert, reached: %zu\n", count);
printf("Length, which was calculated using len_list, was: %zu\n", length);
}
int main() {
printf("Hello world!\n");
showSizes();
LS_p list = newList();
print_list(list);
printf("Printing the list: "); print_list(list);
printf("Appending 5, inserting 1987 after it...\n");
appendToEnd(list, 5);
insertAfterInd(list, 0, 1987);
printf("Printing the list: "); print_list(list);
printf("Inserting 15 after index 0...\n");
insertAfterInd(list, 0, 15);
printf("Printing the list: "); print_list(list);
printf("Appending 45 to the list\n");
appendToEnd(list, 45);
printf("Printing the list: "); print_list(list);
//destroyList(list);
//list = NULL;
printf("Value of pointer-variable `list` is 0x%p\n", list);
printf("Destroying list...\n");
strongDestroyList(&list);
printf("Value of pointer-variable `list` is 0x%p\n", list);
printf("\n\n\n");
fill_avail_memory();
return 0;
}
(__INTEL_COMPILER 和 _MSC_VER 的东西是为了压制关于使用 scanf 的废话。
所以:
- 是否可以设置内存使用上限?
- 如果是这样,它可以是堆与堆栈特定的吗?
- 如果没有,有没有办法让它只使用物理内存?
- 如果可以设置内存上限,我应该在哪里设置(在操作系统、编译器选项、链接器选项,甚至其他地方)以及如何设置?
我会从终端编译(而不仅仅是“运行代码”,因为它是一个 Visual Studio 项目)如下:
cl singleLinkList.c -c
cl main.c /Zp4 /link singleLinkList.obj
任何帮助,或在哪里寻找建议,将不胜感激!谢谢! 更新:人们建议了工作对象。这看起来是一个 C++ 的东西。它会在纯C中工作吗? (如果没有,那么虽然可能就足够了,但这并不是我想要/希望的。)
【问题讨论】:
-
“如何为您的程序设置内存上限” - 这取决于您运行程序的操作系统。 DOS、QNX、AiX、Solaris、FreeBSD、Linux、Windows、VMS、Z/OS 等,都会有不同的方法来做到这一点。
-
根据这个answer Job Objects 之类的东西可能对这类任务有用。但我不知道如何使用它们,以及是否可以通过这种方法管理 Windows 10 或任何 64 位应用程序。
-
据我所知,你不能这样做。在 Linux 上(也可能是 Windows)
malloc设计为永不失败,您的程序将被终止或崩溃。 -
我不了解 Windows 10,但无论如何,Windows 7 不会为使用我的 MSVC 版本编译的可执行文件分配超过 1.7Gb 的空间。
-
看起来[如前所述]“工作对象”可能会有所帮助。它说: 系统不断跟踪 PeakProcessMemoryUsed 和 PeakJobMemoryUsed 的值。这使您可以了解每个作业的峰值内存使用量。您可以使用此信息通过 JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_PROCESS_MEMORY 或 JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_JOB_MEMORY 值来建立内存限制。
标签: c windows out-of-memory