您始终可以创建所谓的“函数对象”并为其提供标准(非静态)成员变量,而不是创建具有静态局部变量的函数。
由于您给出了一个编写 C++ 的示例,我将首先解释 C++ 中的“函数对象”是什么。 “函数对象”就是任何具有重载operator() 的类。类的实例将表现得像函数。例如,即使square 是一个对象(带有重载的operator())并且在技术上不是“函数”,您也可以编写int x = square(5);。您可以赋予函数对象任何可以赋予类对象的特性。
# C++ function object
class Foo_class {
private:
int counter;
public:
Foo_class() {
counter = 0;
}
void operator() () {
counter++;
printf("counter is %d\n", counter);
}
};
Foo_class foo;
在Python中,我们也可以重载operator(),只是方法改名为__call__:
这是一个类定义:
class Foo_class:
def __init__(self): # __init__ is similair to a C++ class constructor
self.counter = 0
# self.counter is like a static member
# variable of a function named "foo"
def __call__(self): # overload operator()
self.counter += 1
print("counter is %d" % self.counter);
foo = Foo_class() # call the constructor
这是一个正在使用的类的示例:
from foo import foo
for i in range(0, 5):
foo() # function call
打印到控制台的输出是:
counter is 1
counter is 2
counter is 3
counter is 4
counter is 5
如果你想让你的函数接受输入参数,你也可以将它们添加到__call__:
# FILE: foo.py - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
class Foo_class:
def __init__(self):
self.counter = 0
def __call__(self, x, y, z): # overload operator()
self.counter += 1
print("counter is %d" % self.counter);
print("x, y, z, are %d, %d, %d" % (x, y, z));
foo = Foo_class() # call the constructor
# FILE: main.py - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
from foo import foo
for i in range(0, 5):
foo(7, 8, 9) # function call
# Console Output - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
counter is 1
x, y, z, are 7, 8, 9
counter is 2
x, y, z, are 7, 8, 9
counter is 3
x, y, z, are 7, 8, 9
counter is 4
x, y, z, are 7, 8, 9
counter is 5
x, y, z, are 7, 8, 9