Python asyncio：完成一个协程后停止循环

Question

我是这个 python asyncio 主题的新手。我有一个简单的问题： 我有一个包含两个要同时运行的协程的任务。第一个 coroutine(my_coroutine) 只会连续打印一些东西，直到达到 second_to_sleep。第二个协程（seq_coroutine）将一个接一个地依次调用其他 4 个协程。我的目标是在 seq_coroutine 完全完成时停止循环。确切地说，我希望 my_coroutine 在 seq_coroutine 完成之前一直存在。有人可以帮我吗？

我的代码是这样的：

import asyncio

async def my_coroutine(task,  seconds_to_sleep = 3):
    print("{task_name} started\n".format(task_name=task))
    for i in range(1, seconds_to_sleep):
        await asyncio.sleep(1)
        print("\n{task_name}: second {seconds}\n".format(task_name=task, seconds=i))

async def coroutine1():
    print("coroutine 1 started")
    await asyncio.sleep(1)
    print("coroutine 1 finished\n")


async def coroutine2():
    print("coroutine 2 started")
    await asyncio.sleep(1)
    print("coroutine 2 finished\n")


async def coroutine3():
    print("coroutine 3 started")
    await asyncio.sleep(1)
    print("coroutine 3 finished\n")


async def coroutine4():
    print("coroutine 4 started")
    await asyncio.sleep(1)
    print("coroutine 4 finished\n")


async def seq_coroutine():
    await coroutine1()
    await coroutine2()
    await coroutine3()
    await coroutine4()

def main():
    main_loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    task = [asyncio.ensure_future(my_coroutine("task1", 11)),
            asyncio.ensure_future(seq_coroutine())]
    try:
        print('loop is started\n')
        main_loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(*task))
    finally:
        print('loop is closed')
        main_loop.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

这是这个程序的输出：

loop is started

task1 started

coroutine 1 started

task1: second 1

coroutine 1 finished
coroutine 2 started

task1: second 2

coroutine 2 finished
coroutine 3 started

task1: second 3

coroutine 3 finished
coroutine 4 started

task1: second 4

coroutine 4 finished

task1: second 5
task1: second 6
task1: second 7
task1: second 8
task1: second 9
task1: second 10

loop is closed

我只想拥有这样的东西：

loop is started

task1 started

coroutine 1 started

task1: second 1

coroutine 1 finished
coroutine 2 started

task1: second 2

coroutine 2 finished
coroutine 3 started

task1: second 3

coroutine 3 finished
coroutine 4 started

task1: second 4

coroutine 4 finished

loop is closed

Answer 1

我刚刚为我的问题找到了合适的解决方案。 我不会删除我的帖子，我会发布我的解决方案，以便它可以帮助面临同样问题的其他人。 我使用了asyncio.wait(task, return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED)，只要第一个任务完成，它就会返回结果。 这是解决方案：

import asyncio
from asyncio.tasks import FIRST_COMPLETED
from concurrent.futures import CancelledError

async def my_coroutine(task,  seconds_to_sleep = 3):
    print("{task_name} started\n".format(task_name=task))
    for i in range(1, seconds_to_sleep):
        await asyncio.sleep(1)
        print("\n{task_name}: second {seconds}\n".format(task_name=task, seconds=i))

async def coroutine1():
    print("coroutine 1 started")
    await asyncio.sleep(1)
    print("coroutine 1 finished\n")


async def coroutine2():
    print("coroutine 2 started")
    await asyncio.sleep(1)
    print("coroutine 2 finished\n")


async def coroutine3():
    print("coroutine 3 started")
    await asyncio.sleep(1)
    print("coroutine 3 finished\n")


async def coroutine4():
    print("coroutine 4 started")
    await asyncio.sleep(1)
    print("coroutine 4 finished\n")


async def seq_coroutine(loop):
    await coroutine1()
    await coroutine2()
    await coroutine3()
    await coroutine4()

def main():
    main_loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    task = [asyncio.ensure_future(my_coroutine("task1", 11)),
            asyncio.ensure_future(seq_coroutine(main_loop))]
    try:
        print('loop is started\n')
        done, pending = main_loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(task, return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED))
        print("Completed tasks: {completed}\nPending tasks: {pending}".format(completed = done, pending = pending))

        #canceling the tasks
        for task in pending:
            print("Cancelling {task}: {task_cancel}".format(task=task, task_cancel=task.cancel()))

    except CancelledError as e:
        print("Error happened while canceling the task: {e}".format(e=e))
    finally:
        print('loop is closed')


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Answer 2

您可以使用变量向另一个协程发出信号。常用asyncio.Event：

import asyncio

import random


async def clock(name, event):
    print("* {} started".format(name))
    i = 0
    while not event.is_set():
        await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
        i += 1
        print("* {}: {}".format(name, i))
    print("* {} done".format(name))
    return i


async def coro(x):
    print("coro() started", x)
    await asyncio.sleep(random.uniform(0.2, 0.5))
    print("coro() finished", x)


async def seq_coroutine(name):
    event = asyncio.Event()
    clock_task = asyncio.ensure_future(clock(name, event))
    # await asyncio.sleep(0) # if you want to give a chance to clock() to start
    await coro(1)
    await coro(2)
    await coro(3)
    await coro(4)
    event.set()
    i = await clock_task
    print("Got:", i)


def main():
    main_loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    main_loop.run_until_complete(seq_coroutine("foo"))
    main_loop.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

您也可以使用await event.wait() 阻止一段代码，直到设置事件：

async def xxx(event):
    print("xxx started")
    await event.wait()
    print("xxx ended")

Answer 3

这是做同样事情的另一种方法，我认为在表示工作之间的依赖关系方面更清晰：

import asyncio

async def poll():
    i = 0
    while True:
        print("First", i)
        i += 1
        await asyncio.sleep(20)
        print("Second", i)
        i += 1
        await asyncio.sleep(20)
        
async def stop():
    poller = asyncio.ensure_future(poll())
    await asyncio.sleep(5)
    poller.cancel()

main_loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
main_loop.run_until_complete(stop())
main_loop.close()

基本上，我们不是在单个作业结束时中断整个事件循环然后取消那里的作业，而是在父作业完成时直接取消依赖作业。