多进程池中的 apply_async 问题

Question

我在 Python 中使用多处理池及其.apply_async() 方法来同时运行多个工作线程。

但是由于使用with而不是任意创建实例存在问题。

这是我到目前为止所做的：

---

常用段码sn-p：

from multiprocessing import Pool
from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor
from time import sleep, time

def worker(x):
    print(f"{x} started.")
    sleep(x)
    print(f"{x} finished.")
    return f"{x} finished."

result_list = []
def log_result(result):
    result_list.append(result)

---

通过Python 2方式运行良好的第一个代码sn-p：

tick = time()

pool = Pool()
for i in range(6):
    pool.apply_async(worker, args=(i, ), callback=log_result)
pool.close()
pool.join()

print('Total elapsed time: ', time() - tick)
print(result_list)
print(i)  # Indicates that all iteration has been done.

输出：

1 started.
2 started.
0 started.
0 finished.
3 started.
4 started.
1 finished.
5 started.
2 finished.
3 finished.
4 finished.
5 finished.
Total elapsed time:  6.022687673568726
['0 finished.', '1 finished.', '2 finished.', '3 finished.', '4 finished.', '5 finished.']
5

---

通过Python 3方式运行良好的第二个代码sn-p：

tick = time()

with ProcessPoolExecutor() as executor:
    for i in range(6):
        executor.submit(worker, i)

print('Total elapsed time: ', time() - tick)
print(i)  # Indicates that all iteration has been done.

输出：

0 started.
0 finished.
1 started.
2 started.
3 started.
4 started.
1 finished.
5 started.
2 finished.
3 finished.
4 finished.
5 finished.
Total elapsed time:  6.017550945281982
5

额外：

• 可以推断出 Python 3 方式比 Python 2 方式快。

---

问题：

现在问题出在这里，我想使用with 实现Python 2 方式，例如Python 3 方法，但是任务没有完成：

tick = time()

with Pool() as pool:
    for i in range(6):
        pool.apply_async(worker, args=(i,), callback=log_result)

print('Total elapsed time: ', time() - tick)
print(result_list)
print(i)  # Indicates that all iteration has been done.

输出：

Total elapsed time:  0.10628008842468262
[]
5

但是，如果我在pool.apply_async(...) 之后放置了一个sleep(1)，一些精简任务将完成（建立一个块）：

tick = time()

with Pool() as pool:
    for i in range(6):
        pool.apply_async(worker, args=(i,), callback=log_result)
        sleep(1)

print('Total elapsed time: ', time() - tick)
print(result_list)
print(i)  # Indicates that all iteration has been done.

输出：

0 started.
0 finished.
1 started.
2 started.
1 finished.
3 started.
4 started.
2 finished.
5 started.
3 finished.
Total elapsed time:  6.022568702697754
['0 finished.', '1 finished.', '2 finished.', '3 finished.']
5

---

我错过了什么？

Answer 1

concurrent.futures.Executor 和 multiprocessing.Pool 有两个完全不同的 context manager 实现。

concurrent.futures.Executor 调用shutdown(wait=True) 有效地等待所有排队的作业按照documentation 完成。

如果你使用 with 语句，你可以避免显式调用这个方法，这将关闭 Executor（等待就像 Executor.shutdown() 被调用且等待设置为 True）

multiprocessing.Pool 调用terminate 而不是close 然后join 这会导致所有正在进行的工作过早中断。在documentation.

池对象现在支持上下文管理协议 - 请参阅上下文管理器类型。 enter() 返回池对象，exit() 调用 terminate()。

如果你想将multiprocessing.Pool和它的上下文管理器一起使用，你需要自己等待结果。

with Pool() as pool:
    async_result = pool.apply_async(worker, args=(i,), callback=log_result)
    async_result.wait()