我相信 CCL 用户可能会将您指向 Debugging section in the CCL manual,但事实上,ANSI Common Lisp 标准包括出色的调试工具,包括您询问的 break 和 step(step 除外)的粒度不是基于一行代码,而是一个表单)。
其实整个Condition System都值得研究一下。
还有一个fewtutorials。
要记住的最重要的事情是,调试工具为您提供了正常的 Lisp REPL(读取-评估-打印循环),您可以在其中执行您可以使用初始 REPL 执行的任何操作:定义函数和变量,检查现有的变量(包括在进入调试器的函数中定义的变量)等。 另外,您也许可以在步进器中发出额外的命令,例如step 和next(通常缩写为:s 和:n)或continue(通常缩写为:c ) 在一个持续的错误中。
您需要注意的一个区别是,在 gdb 中,您使用 print x(缩写为 p x)检查变量 x,而在 Lisp 中,您只需键入 x 并对其进行评估。
这里有一些简单的例子:
步骤
这里? 提供有关可用命令的帮助;如果您的 lisp barfs,请尝试 help 或 :h。
> (defun factorial (n) (if (zerop n) 1 (* n (factorial (1- n)))))
FACTORIAL
> (step (factorial 3))
step 1 --> (FACTORIAL 3)
Step 1 > ?
Commands may be abbreviated as shown in the second column.
COMMAND ABBR DESCRIPTION
Help :h, ? print this command list
Error :e print the last error message
Inspect :i inspect the last error
Abort :a abort to the next recent input loop
Unwind :uw abort to the next recent input loop
Reset :re toggle *PACKAGE* and *READTABLE* between the
local bindings and the sane values
Quit :q quit to the top-level input loop
Where :w inspect this frame
Up :u go up one frame, inspect it
Top :t go to top frame, inspect it
Down :d go down one frame, inspect it
Bottom :b go to bottom (most recent) frame, inspect it
Mode mode :m set stack mode for Backtrace: 1=all the stack elements
2=all the frames 3=only lexical frames
4=only EVAL and APPLY frames (default) 5=only APPLY frames
Frame-limit n :fl set the frame-limit for Backtrace. This many frames
will be printed in a backtrace at most.
Backtrace [mode [limit]] :bt inspect the stack
Break+ :br+ set breakpoint in EVAL frame
Break- :br- disable breakpoint in EVAL frame
Redo :rd re-evaluate form in EVAL frame
Return value :rt leave EVAL frame, prescribing the return values
Step :s step into form: evaluate this form in single step mode
Next :n step over form: evaluate this form at once
Over :o step over this level: evaluate at once up to the next return
Continue :c switch off single step mode, continue evaluation
-- Step-until :su, Next-until :nu, Over-until :ou, Continue-until :cu --
same as above, specify a condition when to stop
Step 1 > :s
step 2 --> 3
Step 2 > :n
step 2 ==> value: 3
step 2 --> (IF (ZEROP N) 1 (* N (FACTORIAL #)))
Step 2 > :s
step 3 --> (ZEROP N)
Step 3 > :n
step 3 ==> value: NIL
step 3 --> (* N (FACTORIAL (1- N)))
Step 3 > :s
step 4 --> N
Step 4 > :n
step 4 ==> value: 3
step 4 --> (FACTORIAL (1- N))
Step 4 > :s
step 5 --> (1- N)
Step 5 > :n
step 5 ==> value: 2
step 5 --> (IF (ZEROP N) 1 (* N (FACTORIAL #)))
Step 5 > :c
step 5 ==> value: 2
step 4 ==> value: 2
step 3 ==> value: 6
step 2 ==> value: 6
step 1 ==> value: 6
6
请注意,步进器内的提示符是step <level>,其中level 是嵌套级别。
休息
> (defun assert-0 (x) (unless (eql x 0) (break "Bad x: ~S" x)) 0)
ASSERT-0
> (assert-0 0)
0
> (assert-0 'assert-0)
** - Continuable Error
Bad x: ASSERT-0
If you continue (by typing 'continue'): Return from BREAK loop
The following restarts are also available:
ABORT :R1 Abort main loop
Break 1 > x
ASSERT-0
Break 1 > :c
0
这里的提示是Break <level>。
断言
> (defun my+1 (x) (assert (numberp x) (x) "must be a number: ~S" x) (1+ x))
MY+1
> (my+1 5)
6
> (my+1 'my+1)
** - Continuable Error
must be a number: MY+1
If you continue (by typing 'continue'): Input a new value for X.
The following restarts are also available:
ABORT :R1 Abort main loop
Break 1 > :c
New X> 'foo
** - Continuable Error
must be a number: FOO
If you continue (by typing 'continue'): Input a new value for X.
The following restarts are also available:
ABORT :R1 Abort main loop
Break 1 > :c
New X> 6
7
assert 使用与break 相同的提示。