在 python 中编码斐波那契。出现错误

Question

我正在为 AI 和 Python 的初学者做一个作业。

创建一个继承自 int 的类 NewInt。它应该有一个实例方法 is_fibonacci ()，如果数字是斐波那契数，则返回 True，否则返回 False。使用 NewInt 从 0 到 1000 生成一个列表。然后使用您创建的类和实例方法创建一个仅保留斐波那契数字的列表理解。

[0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987] #任务的预期输出

我为这个任务编写了这段代码

import math

class NewInt(int):
   
    def is_Perfect_Square(x):
        s = int(math.sqrt(x))
        return s*s == x

    def is_fibonacci(n):

        return is_Perfect_Square(5*n*n + 4) or is_Perfect_Square(5*n*n - 4)

    fibonacci_List = [i for i in range(0,1000)if NewInt().is_fibonacci(i)]
    print(fibonacci_List)

几个小时前它工作了，但我收到这样的错误：

TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-8-377e0f9b7814> in <module>
      1 import math
      2 
----> 3 class NewInt(int):
      4 
      5     def is_Perfect_Square(x):

<ipython-input-8-377e0f9b7814> in NewInt()
     11         return is_Perfect_Square(5*n*n + 4) or is_Perfect_Square(5*n*n - 4)
     12 
---> 13     fibonacci_List = [i for i in range(0,1000)if NewInt().is_fibonacci(i)]
     14     print(fibonacci_List)

<ipython-input-8-377e0f9b7814> in <listcomp>(.0)
     11         return is_Perfect_Square(5*n*n + 4) or is_Perfect_Square(5*n*n - 4)
     12 
---> 13     fibonacci_List = [i for i in range(0,1000)if NewInt().is_fibonacci(i)]
     14     print(fibonacci_List)

TypeError: is_fibonacci() takes 1 positional argument but 2 were given

谁能帮我指出我的错误？我是 Python 新手。

Answer 1

• 这是python的OOP概念

  NewInt().is_fibonacci(i)

• 当上面的方法被python内部调用时

  NewInt().is_fibonacci(self, i)

• self 指的是本例中调用该方法的对象NewInt()

• 但在类定义中，该方法只为一个参数定义

TypeError: is_fibonacci() 接受 1 个位置参数，但给出了 2 个

import math

class NewInt(int):

    def is_Perfect_Square(self, x):
        s = int(math.sqrt(x))
        return s*s == x

    def is_fibonacci(self, n):
        return self.is_Perfect_Square(5*n*n + 4) or self.is_Perfect_Square(5*n*n - 4)

fibonacci_List = [i for i in range(0,1000)if NewInt().is_fibonacci(i)]
print(fibonacci_List)

Answer 2

import math


class NewInt(int):

    # In my opinion you should make a constructor
    def __init__(self, number):
        # Declare the attributes
        self.number = number

    def is_Perfect_Square(self):
        # Use that attribute which u have initialised already.
        x = self.number
        s = int(math.sqrt(x))
        return s * s == x

    def is_fibonacci(self):
        n = self.number
        # Create an instance of your class each time u wanna access a method
        # e.g. NewInt(1234) creates an instant of the class NewInt. When you do this, u invoke the init method and that number attribute is intialised.
        return NewInt(5*n*n + 4).is_Perfect_Square() or NewInt(5 * n * n - 4).is_Perfect_Square()


fibonacci_List = [i for i in range(0, 1000) if NewInt(i).is_fibonacci()]

print(fibonacci_List)

输出：

[0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987]

如果你总是在函数的形参中取值，那么有一个类是没有意义的。