在模板类中专门定义友元运算符先前定义的错误

Question

我试图在我的模板类中专门化

hpp

template<class T>
class tablicowy{
public:
    T * tablica;
    int rozmiar;
public:
    tablicowy(T arr[], int n){
        {
            tablica = arr;
            rozmiar = n;
        }
    };
    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, tablicowy<char>& that );
    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, tablicowy<T>& that ){
        out << "( ";
        for(int i = 0; i < that.rozmiar; i++){
            out << that.tablica[i] << comma;
        }
        out << ")";
        return out;
    };

};

cpp

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, tablicowy<char>& that ){
    out << "'";
    for(int i = 0; i < that.rozmiar; i++){
        out << that.tablica[i];
    }
    out << "'";
    return out;
};

C++ 给我：

在包含的文件中 /home/pawel/ClionProjects/lista9/obliczenia.cpp:1:0: /home/pawel/ClionProjects/lista9/obliczenia.hpp：在实例化 “类 obliczenia::tablicowy”： /home/pawel/ClionProjects/lista9/obliczenia.cpp:38:28：需要来自 这里/home/pawel/ClionProjects/lista9/obliczenia.hpp:40:30：错误： 重新定义‘std::ostream& obliczenia::operator

我可以做些什么来重载或专门化 char 运算符？

Answer 1

您可以使用以下内容：

// Forward declare the class
template <typename T> class tablicowy;

// Forward declare the template operator
template <typename T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, tablicowy<T>& that );

// Forward declare the function
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, tablicowy<char>& that );

// Your class:
template<class T>
class tablicowy{
public:
    T * tablica;
    int rozmiar;
public:
    tablicowy(T arr[], int n){
        {
            tablica = arr;
            rozmiar = n;
        }
    };
    // just declare them friend.
    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, tablicowy<char>& that );
    friend std::ostream& operator<< <>(std::ostream& out, tablicowy<T>& that );

};

// Implementation
template <typename T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, tablicowy<T>& that )
{
    const std::string comma = ",";
    out << "( ";
    for(int i = 0; i < that.rozmiar; i++){
        out << that.tablica[i] << comma;
    }
    out << ")";
    return out;
}

在 cpp 中：

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, tablicowy<char>& that ){
    out << "'";
    for(int i = 0; i < that.rozmiar; i++){
        out << that.tablica[i];
    }
    out << "'";
    return out;
}

[https://ideone.com/SXClzp](Live 示例）

Answer 2

尝试在friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, tablicowy<char>& that ); 之前添加template <> 以表明它是模板专业化

您还需要将朋友类的实现移到课堂之外 - 详情请参阅 Explicit specialization of friend function for a class template