C/C++ 提供了sin(a)、cos(a)、tan(a) 等函数,这些函数需要带有弧度 单位而不是度 的参数。 double DegreesToRadians(d) 执行的转换接近,但转换结果是四舍五入的近似值。机器 M_PI 也很接近,但与数学无理数 π 的值不同。
将180 的OP 代码传递给DegreesToRadians(d),然后传递给sin()/cos(),由于舍入、double() 的有限精度以及PI 的可能值较弱,给出的结果与预期不同。
一个改进是在调用 trig 函数之前以 degrees 执行参数缩减。下面首先将角度减小到 -45° 到 45° 的范围,然后调用 sin()。这将确保N 在sind(90.0*N) --> -1.0, 0.0, 1.0 中的较大值。 .注意:sind(360.0*N +/- 30.0) 可能不完全等于 +/-0.5。需要一些额外的考虑。
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
static double d2r(double d) {
return (d / 180.0) * ((double) M_PI);
}
double sind(double x) {
if (!isfinite(x)) {
return sin(x);
}
if (x < 0.0) {
return -sind(-x);
}
int quo;
double x90 = remquo(fabs(x), 90.0, &quo);
switch (quo % 4) {
case 0:
// Use * 1.0 to avoid -0.0
return sin(d2r(x90)* 1.0);
case 1:
return cos(d2r(x90));
case 2:
return sin(d2r(-x90) * 1.0);
case 3:
return -cos(d2r(x90));
}
return 0.0;
}
int main(void) {
int i;
for (i = -360; i <= 360; i += 15) {
printf("sin() of %.1f degrees is % .*e\n", 1.0 * i, DBL_DECIMAL_DIG - 1,
sin(d2r(i)));
printf("sind() of %.1f degrees is % .*e\n", 1.0 * i, DBL_DECIMAL_DIG - 1,
sind(i));
}
return 0;
}
输出
sin() of -360.0 degrees is 2.4492935982947064e-16
sind() of -360.0 degrees is -0.0000000000000000e+00 // Exact
sin() of -345.0 degrees is 2.5881904510252068e-01 // 76-68 = 8 away
// 2.5881904510252076e-01
sind() of -345.0 degrees is 2.5881904510252074e-01 // 76-74 = 2 away
sin() of -330.0 degrees is 5.0000000000000044e-01 // 44 away
// 0.5 5.0000000000000000e-01
sind() of -330.0 degrees is 4.9999999999999994e-01 // 6 away
sin() of -315.0 degrees is 7.0710678118654768e-01 // 68-52 = 16 away
// square root 0.5 --> 7.0710678118654752e-01
sind() of -315.0 degrees is 7.0710678118654746e-01 // 52-46 = 6 away
sin() of -300.0 degrees is 8.6602540378443860e-01
sind() of -300.0 degrees is 8.6602540378443871e-01
sin() of -285.0 degrees is 9.6592582628906842e-01
sind() of -285.0 degrees is 9.6592582628906831e-01
sin() of -270.0 degrees is 1.0000000000000000e+00 // Exact
sind() of -270.0 degrees is 1.0000000000000000e+00 // Exact
...