如何在 Oracle SQL 19 中进行数据透视答案

【问题标题】：How do I pivot in Oracle SQL 19如何在 Oracle SQL 19 中进行数据透视
【发布时间】：2021-03-10 16:34:31
【问题描述】：

我在 Oracle SQL 19 中有下表：

+---------+-----------+---------------------+
| job_num | job_stage |      timestamp      |
+---------+-----------+---------------------+
| job_1   | waiting   | 2020-01-28 11:51:00 |
| job_1   | waiting   | 2020-01-28 11:52:00 |
| job_1   | waiting   | 2020-01-28 11:53:00 |
| job_1   | running   | 2020-01-28 11:54:00 |
| job_1   | running   | 2020-01-28 11:55:00 |
| job_1   | running   | 2020-01-28 11:56:00 |
| job_1   | running   | 2020-01-28 11:57:00 |
| job_1   | finishing | 2020-01-28 11:58:00 |
| job_1   | finishing | 2020-01-28 11:59:00 |
| job_2   | waiting   | 2020-01-28 11:52:00 |
| job_2   | waiting   | 2020-01-28 11:53:00 |
| job_2   | waiting   | 2020-01-28 11:54:00 |
| job_2   | waiting   | 2020-01-28 11:55:00 |
| job_2   | waiting   | 2020-01-28 11:56:00 |
| job_2   | running   | 2020-01-28 11:57:00 |
| job_2   | running   | 2020-01-28 11:58:00 |
| job_2   | running   | 2020-01-28 11:59:00 |
| job_2   | running   | 2020-01-28 12:00:00 |
| job_2   | finishing | 2020-01-28 12:01:00 |
| job_2   | finishing | 2020-01-28 12:02:00 |
| job_2   | finishing | 2020-01-28 12:03:00 |
| job_2   | finishing | 2020-01-28 12:04:00 |
+---------+-----------+---------------------+

我想通过以下方式旋转它：

+---------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| job_num |     min_waiting     |     max_waiting     |     min_running     |     max_running     |    min_finishing    |    max_finishing    |
+---------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| job_1   | 2020-01-28 11:51:00 | 2020-01-28 11:53:00 | 2020-01-28 11:54:00 | 2020-01-28 11:57:00 | 2020-01-28 11:58:00 | 2020-01-28 11:59:00 |
| job_2   | 2020-01-28 11:52:00 | 2020-01-28 11:56:00 | 2020-01-28 11:57:00 | 2020-01-28 12:00:00 | 2020-01-28 12:01:00 | 2020-01-28 12:04:00 |
+---------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+

更具体地说，对于每个job_num，对于每个job_stage，我想获取最小时间戳和最大时间戳。然后，我想显示每个job_num 的最小和最大时间戳。

谁能告诉我如何在 Oracle SQL 19 中有效地做到这一点？任何帮助将不胜感激！

我在 SQL 中有以下表格供您参考：

未透视表如下：

with t1 as (
            select 'job_1' as job_num
                   , 'waiting' as job_stage
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:51', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as timestamp
                   from dual
            union
            select 'job_1' as job_num
                   , 'waiting' as job_stage
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:52', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as timestamp
                   from dual
            union
            select 'job_1' as job_num
                   , 'waiting' as job_stage
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:53', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as timestamp
                   from dual
            union
            select 'job_1' as job_num
                   , 'running' as job_stage
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:54', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as timestamp
                   from dual
            union
            select 'job_1' as job_num
                   , 'running' as job_stage
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:55', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as timestamp
                   from dual
            union
            select 'job_1' as job_num
                   , 'running' as job_stage
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:56', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as timestamp
                   from dual
            union
            select 'job_1' as job_num
                   , 'running' as job_stage
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:57', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as timestamp
                   from dual
            union
            select 'job_1' as job_num
                   , 'finishing' as job_stage
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:58', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as timestamp
                   from dual
            union
            select 'job_1' as job_num
                   , 'finishing' as job_stage
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:59', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as timestamp
                   from dual
            union
            select 'job_2' as job_num
                   , 'waiting' as job_stage
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:52', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as timestamp
                   from dual
            union
            select 'job_2' as job_num
                   , 'waiting' as job_stage
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:53', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as timestamp
                   from dual
            union
            select 'job_2' as job_num
                   , 'waiting' as job_stage
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:54', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as timestamp
                   from dual
            union
            select 'job_2' as job_num
                   , 'waiting' as job_stage
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:55', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as timestamp
                   from dual
            union
            select 'job_2' as job_num
                   , 'waiting' as job_stage
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:56', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as timestamp
                   from dual
            union
            select 'job_2' as job_num
                   , 'running' as job_stage
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:57', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as timestamp
                   from dual
            union
            select 'job_2' as job_num
                   , 'running' as job_stage
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:58', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as timestamp
                   from dual
            union
            select 'job_2' as job_num
                   , 'running' as job_stage
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:59', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as timestamp
                   from dual
            union
            select 'job_2' as job_num
                   , 'running' as job_stage
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 12:00', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as timestamp
                   from dual
            union
            select 'job_2' as job_num
                   , 'finishing' as job_stage
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 12:01', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as timestamp
                   from dual
            union
            select 'job_2' as job_num
                   , 'finishing' as job_stage
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 12:02', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as timestamp
                   from dual
            union
            select 'job_2' as job_num
                   , 'finishing' as job_stage
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 12:03', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as timestamp
                   from dual
            union
            select 'job_2' as job_num
                   , 'finishing' as job_stage
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 12:04', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as timestamp
                   from dual
                )
select *
from t1
order by job_num
, timestamp

透视表如下：

with t1 as (
            select 'job_1' as job_num
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:51', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as min_waiting
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:53', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as max_waiting
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:54', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as min_running
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:57', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as max_running
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:58', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as min_finishing
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:59', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as max_finishing                   
                   from dual
            union
            select 'job_2' as job_num
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:52', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as min_waiting
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:56', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as max_waiting
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 11:57', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as min_running
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 12:00', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as max_running
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 12:01', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as min_finishing
                   , to_date('1/28/2020 12:04', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI') as max_finishing                   
                   from dual
                )
select *
from t1
order by job_num

【问题讨论】：

几个问题/建议：首先，“timestamp”是Oracle关键字；即使在某些情况下将其用作列名不会引发错误，但至少会令人困惑。使用其他东西，要么 ts 要么可能 timestamp_ （带下划线）。其次，为什么要对名为 TIMESTAMP 的列使用 TO_DATE？实际表中的实际数据类型是什么 - DATE 或 TIMESTAMP？不要使用与列的数据类型直接矛盾的列名。

标签： oracle oracle19c

【解决方案1】：

select job_num, w_min as min_waiting  , w_max as max_waiting,
                r_min as min_running  , r_max as max_running,
                f_min as min_finishing, f_max as max_finishing
from   t1
pivot  (min(timestamp) as min, max(timestamp) as max
            for job_stage in ('waiting' as w, 'running' as r, 'finishing' as f)
       )
order by job_num
;

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

SELECT *
FROM   table_name
PIVOT(
  MIN( "TIMESTAMP" ) AS min,
  MAX( "TIMESTAMP" ) AS max
  FOR job_stage IN (
    'waiting' AS waiting,
    'running' AS running,
    'finishing' AS finishing
  )
)

或：

SELECT job_num,
       MIN( CASE job_stage WHEN 'waiting' THEN "TIMESTAMP" END ) AS waiting_min,
       MAX( CASE job_stage WHEN 'waiting' THEN "TIMESTAMP" END ) AS waiting_max,
       MIN( CASE job_stage WHEN 'running' THEN "TIMESTAMP" END ) AS running_min,
       MAX( CASE job_stage WHEN 'running' THEN "TIMESTAMP" END ) AS running_max,
       MIN( CASE job_stage WHEN 'finishing' THEN "TIMESTAMP" END ) AS finishing_min,
       MAX( CASE job_stage WHEN 'finishing' THEN "TIMESTAMP" END ) AS finishing_max
FROM   table_name
GROUP BY job_num

对于您的样本数据，两者都输出：

作业_NUM | WAITING_MIN | WAITING_MAX | RUNNING_MIN | RUNNING_MAX | FINISHING_MIN | FINISHING_MAX :-------- | :----------------- | :----------------- | :----------------- | :----------------- | :----------------- | :----------------- 工作_2 | 2020-01-28 11:52:00 | 2020-01-28 11:56:00 | 2020-01-28 11:57:00 | 2020-01-28 12:00:00 | 2020-01-28 12:01:00 | 2020-01-28 12:04:00 工作_1 | 2020-01-28 11:51:00 | 2020-01-28 11:53:00 | 2020-01-28 11:54:00 | 2020-01-28 11:57:00 | 2020-01-28 11:58:00 | 2020-01-28 11:59:00

db小提琴here

【讨论】：