Rust 生命周期说明符的语法

Question

我需要帮助来理解生命周期说明符。我想我明白了生命的概念。我看了Memory, Ownership and Lifetimes。我只是想如果我能通过这个小的example 工作，它可能会帮助我了解生命周期的语法。迄今为止，我感到困惑的主题。

use std::collections::HashMap;

fn main() {
    pub struct User<'a> {
        pub name: & 'a str
    }

    impl <'a>User<'a> {
        pub fn new(uname: & 'a str, pwd: & 'a str) -> User {
            User{name: uname}
        }
    }

    pub struct ChatRoom<'a> {
        pub name: & 'a str,
        pub users: HashMap<& 'a str, User>  
    }


    impl <'a>ChatRoom<'a> {
        pub fn new(name: &str) -> ChatRoom {
            let users = HashMap::new();
            ChatRoom {name: name, users: users}
        }

        pub fn join(&mut self, user: User) {
            self.users.insert(user.name, user);
        }
    }

    let mut room = ChatRoom::new("Test");
    let user = User::new("bender","123");
    room.join(user);
}

Answer 1

我不确定您的确切问题是什么，所以我想您希望编译该代码。检查这个playground。

请注意，生命周期参数是类型的一部分，因此您需要 User<'a> 而不仅仅是 User。

use std::collections::HashMap;

fn main() {
    struct User<'a> {
        name: &'a str,
    }

    impl<'a> User<'a> {
        fn new(uname: &'a str, pwd: &'a str) -> User<'a> {
            User { name: uname }
        }
    }

    struct ChatRoom<'a> {
        name: &'a str,
        users: HashMap<&'a str, User<'a>>,
    }

    impl<'a> ChatRoom<'a> {
        fn new(name: &str) -> ChatRoom {
            let users = HashMap::new();
            ChatRoom {
                name: name,
                users: users,
            }
        }

        fn join(&mut self, user: User<'a>) {
            self.users.insert(user.name, user);
        }
    }

    let mut room = ChatRoom::new("Test");
    let user = User::new("bender", "123");
    room.join(user);
}