在 python2.7-alpine 中的 docker 中安装 pandas 时，Docker 构建失败

Question

我在 Docker 中运行一个烧瓶应用程序。我也在使用熊猫。我正在使用 python2.7-alpine 图像。早些时候它工作正常，即我能够使用相同的配置构建图像。

但现在我无法按照它所说的那样构建图像：

ERROR: Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-install-Sm9A7D/pandas/
The command '/bin/sh -c pip install -r /tmp/requirements.txt' returned a non-zero code: 1

我无法更改 python 版本。由于我的应用程序是基于 python2 构建的，并且在很久以前就符合预期。

我的 Dockerfile

FROM python:2.7-alpine

RUN echo "ipv6" >> /etc/modules; 
#    echo "http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/latest-stable/main" > /etc/apk/repositories; \
#    echo "http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/latest-stable/community" >> /etc/apk/repositories; \
#    echo "http://dl-2.alpinelinux.org/alpine/latest-stable/community" >> /etc/apk/repositories; \
#    echo "http://dl-3.alpinelinux.org/alpine/latest-stable/community" >> /etc/apk/repositories; \
#    echo "http://dl-4.alpinelinux.org/alpine/latest-stable/community" >> /etc/apk/repositories; \
#    echo "http://dl-5.alpinelinux.org/alpine/latest-stable/community" >> /etc/apk/repositories

RUN rm -rf /var/cache/apk/* && \
    rm -rf /tmp/* && \
    apk update && \
    apk add --update bash sudo


#================================================================
# add dependencies
#================================================================

RUN apk add --update --no-cache g++ gcc libffi-dev make gpgme p11-kit openssl-dev openssh

#================================================================
# pip and required modules install
#================================================================

### Upgrade pip to prevent errors
RUN pip install setuptools --upgrade
ADD requirements.txt /tmp/requirements.txt
RUN pip install -r /tmp/requirements.txt

完整的错误回溯是：

ERROR: Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    ERROR: Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "/tmp/pip-install-Sm9A7D/pandas/setup.py", line 749, in <module>
        **setuptools_kwargs)
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/__init__.py", line 144, in setup
        _install_setup_requires(attrs)
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/__init__.py", line 139, in _install_setup_requires
        dist.fetch_build_eggs(dist.setup_requires)
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 717, in fetch_build_eggs
        replace_conflicting=True,
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 782, in resolve
        replace_conflicting=replace_conflicting
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 1065, in best_match
        return self.obtain(req, installer)
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 1077, in obtain
        return installer(requirement)
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 784, in fetch_build_egg
        return cmd.easy_install(req)
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 679, in easy_install
        return self.install_item(spec, dist.location, tmpdir, deps)
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 705, in install_item
        dists = self.install_eggs(spec, download, tmpdir)
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 890, in install_eggs
        return self.build_and_install(setup_script, setup_base)
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1158, in build_and_install
        self.run_setup(setup_script, setup_base, args)
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1144, in run_setup
        run_setup(setup_script, args)
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 253, in run_setup
        raise
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/contextlib.py", line 35, in __exit__
        self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 195, in setup_context
        yield
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/contextlib.py", line 35, in __exit__
        self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 166, in save_modules
        saved_exc.resume()
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 141, in resume
        six.reraise(type, exc, self._tb)
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 154, in save_modules
        yield saved
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 195, in setup_context
        yield
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 250, in run_setup
        _execfile(setup_script, ns)
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 45, in _execfile
        exec(code, globals, locals)
      File "/tmp/easy_install-2BV0tR/numpy-1.17.0rc1/setup.py", line 31, in <module>
        def is_platform_mac():
    RuntimeError: Python version >= 3.5 required.
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-install-Sm9A7D/pandas/
The command '/bin/sh -c pip install -r /tmp/requirements.txt' returned a non-zero code: 1

Answer 1

错误告诉你原因：

文件“/tmp/easy_install-r9No9Q/numpy-1.17.0rc1/setup.py”，第 31 行，在
def is_platform_mac():
RuntimeError：需要 Python 版本 >= 3.5。

从pandas 0.23.4 source：我们可以看到numpy的最低版本是1.9.0：

min_numpy_ver = '1.9.0'

所以，如果你没有自己安装一个版本，pandas 只会为你安装一个最新的合适的 numpy 版本，>1.9.0，这里是numpy-1.17.0rc1，但它需要>python3.5，如here，所以失败发生了。

python_requires='>=3.5'

最后，如果你查看numpy的源码，你会发现1.16.4是支持python2.7的最后一个版本，见this，

python_requires='>=2.7,!=3.0.*,!=3.1.*,!=3.2.*,!=3.3.*',

所以，最终解决方案：

预先安装 numpy 1.16.4，然后 pandas 会发现那里有合适的 numpy，不会为你安装最新的 numpy。结果不会出错，详细步骤如下：

apk update
apk add build-base
pip install numpy==1.16.4
pip install pandas==0.23.4

对于Dockerfile，将上述命令添加到一个 RUN 可以修复：

RUN apk update && \
    apk add build-base && \
    pip install numpy==1.16.4 && \
    pip install pandas==0.23.4

另外，你说的有问题：

之前它运行良好，即我能够使用相同的配置构建图像。

这是因为numpy latest version 刚刚在 2019 年 7 月 1 日更新，在此之前，它始终是 1.16.4 版本，对于 python27 没有问题，但现在，情况发生了变化......