调用模板提供的（静态）函数

Question

我正在尝试为 freertos 任务创建 C++ 包装器。 这里的挑战是 freertos 需要采用c 函数指针，如此处所述 https://www.freertos.org/xTaskCreateStatic.html

现在我想出了这个

template<typename Functor_T, uint32_t u32StackSize>
class CFreeRTOS_Task
{
public:
    ///Constructor
    CFreeRTOS_Task(const std::string& strTaskNameArg);
    ///Destructor
    ~CFreeRTOS_Task();

private:
    ///the Name of this task
    const std::string strTaskName;
    ///the task handle
    TaskHandle_t task;
    ///the task control block
    StaticTask_t task_tcb;
    ///is the task currently running (can be accessed from multiple threads => atomic)
    std::atomic<bool> bTaskRunning;
    ///the actual stack
    StackType_t stack[u32StackSize] = {};
    ///the task function to pass to freertos
    static void TaskFunction(void* pvParameters);
};

//+++++++++++++++++++++++++  Implementation +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
template<typename Functor_T, uint32_t u32StackSize>
CFreeRTOS_Task<Functor_T, u32StackSize>::CFreeRTOS_Task(const std::string& strTaskNameArg) :
    strTaskName(strTaskNameArg)
{
    task = xTaskCreateStatic(
        TaskFunction, /* Function that implements the task. */
        strTaskName.c_str(), /* Text name for the task. */
        u32StackSize, /* Number of indexes in the xStack array. */
        (void*)1, /* Parameter passed into the task. */
        tskIDLE_PRIORITY,/* Priority at which the task is created. */
        stack, /* Array to use as the task's stack. */
        &task_tcb); /* Variable to hold the task's data structure. */
    bTaskRunning = true;
}
template<typename Functor_T, uint32_t u32StackSize>
CFreeRTOS_Task<Functor_T, u32StackSize>::~CFreeRTOS_Task()
{
    if (bTaskRunning)
    {
        //terminate task...
        bTaskRunning = false;
    }
}
template<typename Functor_T, uint32_t u32StackSize>
void CFreeRTOS_Task<Functor_T, u32StackSize>::TaskFunction(void* pvParameters)
{
    //do some initilisation
    for (;;)
    {
        //call the user provided task function
        Functor_T();
        osDelay(10);
    }
    //shutdown this task (common to all freertos tasks)
}

现在我的实例化看起来像这样

///test task function
static void TestTaskFunc();


///Test task instance
static CFreeRTOS_Task<TestTaskFunc,10> testTask("test_task");


static void TestTaskFunc()
{
    volatile uint32_t test = 0;
}

但是我得到 2 个编译器错误

error: type/value mismatch at argument 1 in template parameter list for 'template<class Functor_T, long unsigned int u32StackSize> class NRTOS_Wrapper::CFreeRTOS_Task'
static CFreeRTOS_Task<TestTaskFunc,10> testTask("test_task");
                                      ^
note:   expected a type, got 'NRTOS_Wrapper::TestTaskFunc'
error: invalid conversion from 'const char*' to 'int' [-fpermissive]

你能帮我找出我在这里缺少什么吗？

Answer 1

您编写类模板的方式，Functor_T 是 type 而不是 value。有几个地方让你绊倒了：

static CFreeRTOS_Task<TestTaskFunc,10> testTask("test_task");

在这里，您尝试传递 CFreeRTOS_Task 期望类型的值。

template<typename Functor_T, uint32_t u32StackSize>
void CFreeRTOS_Task<Functor_T, u32StackSize>::TaskFunction(void * pvParameters)
{
    //do some initilisation
    for(;;)
    {
        //call the user provided task function
        Functor_T();   // <---- HERE
        osDelay(10);
    }

    //shutdown this task (common to all freertos tasks)
}

在这里，您正在对Functor_T 类型的临时对象进行值初始化，而不是像注释所暗示的那样调用现有的仿函数对象。 Functor_T()() 之类的东西可能对函数对象有意义，但如果 Functor_T 是一个简单的函数指针类型（如您的示例），则没有任何意义。

---

您实际上需要做的似乎是在您的类中存储一个仿函数类型的对象，然后将指向该对象的指针传递给TaskFunction。例如：

template<typename Functor_T, uint32_t u32StackSize>
class CFreeRTOS_Task
{
public:
    ///Constructor
    CFreeRTOS_Task(std::string strTaskNameArg, Functor_T functor);
private:
    //...

    using Func_T = std::decay_t<Functor_T>;
    ///the functor to call
    Func_T mFunctor;

    ///the task function to pass to freertos
    static void TaskFunction(void* pvParameters);

};

template<typename Functor_T, uint32_t u32StackSize>
CFreeRTOS_Task<Functor_T, u32StackSize>::CFreeRTOS_Task(
    std::string strTaskNameArg,
    Functor_T functor
)
    : strTaskName{std::move(strTaskNameArg)},
      mFunctor{std::move(functor)}
{
    task = xTaskCreateStatic(
        TaskFunction, /* Function that implements the task. */
        strTaskName.c_str(), /* Text name for the task. */
        u32StackSize, /* Number of indexes in the xStack array. */
        &mFunctor, /* The functor to call, passed as a parameter into the task. */
      //^^^^^^^^^^ <---- HERE, pass a pointer to the functor as the task arg
        tskIDLE_PRIORITY,/* Priority at which the task is created. */
        stack, /* Array to use as the task's stack. */
        &task_tcb /* Variable to hold the task's data structure. */
    );
    bTaskRunning = true;
}

template<typename Functor_T, uint32_t u32StackSize>
void CFreeRTOS_Task<Functor_T, u32StackSize>::TaskFunction(void * pvParameters)
{
    //do some initilisation
    for(;;)
    {
        //cast the parameter back to a pointer to the correct functor type
        Func_T* pFunctor = reinterpret_cast<Func_T*>(pvParameters);
        //call the user provided task function
        (*pFunctor)();
        osDelay(10);
    }

    //shutdown this task (common to all freertos tasks)
}

然后在您的调用站点，将仿函数的 type 作为 CFreeRTOS_Task 的模板参数并将 value 传递给它的构造函数：

///test task function
static void TestTaskFunc();


///Test task instance
static CFreeRTOS_Task<decltype(TestTaskFunc),10> testTask("test_task", TestTaskFunc);
                    //^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^                           ^^^^^^^^^^^^
                    //Pass the type as a template parameter            And the value as a constructor parameter


static void TestTaskFunc()
{
    volatile uint32_t test = 0;
}

Live Demo

Answer 2

CFreeRTOS_Task 的模板类型是一个指向可调用对象的指针。只提供TestTaskFunc 不会推断出类型（即指向函数的指针），而是需要decltype。

static CFreeRTOS_Task<decltype(TestTaskFunc), 10> testTask("test_task");
//                    ^^^^^^^^