一个有用的实用程序是udevadm。例如,我有这个 USB 串行适配器:
$ lsusb|grep -i prolific
Bus 001 Device 077: ID 067b:2303 Prolific Technology, Inc. PL2303 Serial Port
在其上运行udevadm 会产生大量信息。这是它的开始:
$ udevadm info -a /dev/bus/usb/001/077
Udevadm info starts with the device specified by the devpath and then
walks up the chain of parent devices. It prints for every device
found, all possible attributes in the udev rules key format.
A rule to match, can be composed by the attributes of the device
and the attributes from one single parent device.
looking at device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-3/1-3.4/1-3.4.4':
KERNEL=="1-3.4.4"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb"
DRIVER=="usb"
ATTR{authorized}=="1"
ATTR{avoid_reset_quirk}=="0"
ATTR{bConfigurationValue}=="1"
ATTR{bDeviceClass}=="00"
ATTR{bDeviceProtocol}=="00"
ATTR{bDeviceSubClass}=="00"
ATTR{bMaxPacketSize0}=="64"
ATTR{bMaxPower}=="100mA"
ATTR{bNumConfigurations}=="1"
ATTR{bNumInterfaces}==" 1"
ATTR{bcdDevice}=="0300"
ATTR{bmAttributes}=="a0"
ATTR{busnum}=="1"
ATTR{configuration}==""
ATTR{devnum}=="77"
ATTR{devpath}=="3.4.4"
ATTR{idProduct}=="2303"
ATTR{idVendor}=="067b"
ATTR{ltm_capable}=="no"
ATTR{manufacturer}=="Prolific Technology Inc."
ATTR{maxchild}=="0"
ATTR{product}=="USB-Serial Controller"
ATTR{quirks}=="0x0"
ATTR{removable}=="unknown"
ATTR{speed}=="12"
ATTR{urbnum}=="22"
ATTR{version}==" 2.00"
然后您可以查看sysfs 了解更多详情:
$ ls -l '/sys//devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-3/1-3.4/1-3.4.4'
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 0 Oct 11 11:03 1-3.4.4:1.0
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 bcdDevice
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 bConfigurationValue
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 bDeviceClass
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 bDeviceProtocol
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 bDeviceSubClass
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 bmAttributes
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 bMaxPacketSize0
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 bMaxPower
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 bNumConfigurations
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 bNumInterfaces
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 busnum
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 configuration
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 65553 Oct 11 11:03 descriptors
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 dev
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 devnum
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 devpath
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 11 11:03 driver -> ../../../../../../../bus/usb/drivers/usb
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Oct 11 11:03 ep_00
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 idProduct
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 idVendor
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 ltm_capable
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 manufacturer
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 maxchild
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 11 11:03 port -> ../1-3.4:1.0/1-3.4-port4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 11 11:03 power
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 product
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 quirks
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 removable
--w------- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 remove
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 speed
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 11 11:03 subsystem -> ../../../../../../../bus/usb
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 uevent
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 urbnum
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 version
您会注意到适配器内每个已实现的 USB 设备(接口?功能?)的子目录 (1-3.4.4:1.0)(在我的情况下只有一个;我有其他 4 端口 USB 串行适配器,带有 4 个子目录)。如果你在那里看,你最终可以找到设备节点:
$ ls -l '/sys//devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-3/1-3.4/1-3.4.4/1-3.4.4:1.0/'
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 authorized
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 bAlternateSetting
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 bInterfaceClass
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 bInterfaceNumber
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 bInterfaceProtocol
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 bInterfaceSubClass
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 bNumEndpoints
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 11 11:03 driver -> ../../../../../../../../bus/usb/drivers/pl2303
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Oct 11 11:03 ep_02
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Oct 11 11:03 ep_81
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Oct 11 11:03 ep_83
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 modalias
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 11 11:03 power
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 11 11:03 subsystem -> ../../../../../../../../bus/usb
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 supports_autosuspend
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 0 Oct 11 11:03 ttyUSB0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 uevent
$ ls -l '/sys//devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-3/1-3.4/1-3.4.4/1-3.4.4:1.0/ttyUSB0'
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 11 11:03 driver -> ../../../../../../../../../bus/usb-serial/drivers/pl2303
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 port_number
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 11 11:03 power
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 11 11:03 subsystem -> ../../../../../../../../../bus/usb-serial
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Oct 11 11:03 tty
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 uevent
$ ls -l '/sys//devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-3/1-3.4/1-3.4.4/1-3.4.4:1.0/ttyUSB0/tty'
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Oct 11 11:11 ttyUSB0
$ ls -l '/sys//devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-3/1-3.4/1-3.4.4/1-3.4.4:1.0/ttyUSB0/tty/ttyUSB0'
total 0
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:11 dev
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 11 11:11 device -> ../../../ttyUSB0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 11 11:11 power
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 11 11:11 subsystem -> ../../../../../../../../../../../class/tty
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:11 uevent
$ cat '/sys//devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-3/1-3.4/1-3.4.4/1-3.4.4:1.0/ttyUSB0/tty/ttyUSB0/dev'
188:0
最后一行是设备节点的主要/次要编号,您可以在 /dev 中搜索,或者使用它来创建自己的设备节点。
目录/sys/class/tty/ 列出所有tty,/sys/bus/usb-serial/devices/ 列出所有USB 串行适配器。从这些目录(而不是 udevadm)开始查找所有相关设备可能更容易,然后确定其中哪一个与您关心的 USB 设备匹配。
$ ls -l /sys/bus/usb-serial/devices/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 11 11:16 ttyUSB0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-3/1-3.4/1-3.4.4/1-3.4.4:1.0/ttyUSB0/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 6 13:48 ttyUSB1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-4/1-4:1.1/ttyUSB1/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 11 11:16 ttyUSB10 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-8/1-8.4/1-8.4:1.3/ttyUSB10/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 6 13:48 ttyUSB12 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-8/1-8.6/1-8.6:1.0/ttyUSB12/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 6 13:48 ttyUSB13 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-8/1-8.6/1-8.6:1.1/ttyUSB13/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 6 13:48 ttyUSB14 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-8/1-8.6/1-8.6:1.2/ttyUSB14/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 6 13:48 ttyUSB15 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-8/1-8.6/1-8.6:1.3/ttyUSB15/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 6 13:48 ttyUSB2 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-4/1-4:1.2/ttyUSB2/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 6 13:48 ttyUSB3 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-4/1-4:1.3/ttyUSB3/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 11 11:16 ttyUSB4 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-8/1-8.4/1-8.4:1.0/ttyUSB4/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 6 13:48 ttyUSB5 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.1/ttyUSB5/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 6 13:48 ttyUSB6 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.2/ttyUSB6/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 6 13:48 ttyUSB7 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.3/ttyUSB7/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 11 11:16 ttyUSB8 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-8/1-8.4/1-8.4:1.1/ttyUSB8/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 11 11:16 ttyUSB9 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-8/1-8.4/1-8.4:1.2/ttyUSB9/
如果您假设您可以使用这些路径名(链接值)并转到../.. 并找到 USB 设备,并找到它的总线/开发号。我/认为/这是安全的,但这取决于不同的 USB 设备/驱动程序是否总是相同地布置它们的 sysfs,我相信它们对于给定的设备类型会这样做。
$ cat '/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-3/1-3.4/1-3.4.4/1-3.4.4:1.0/ttyUSB0/../../busnum'
1
$ cat '/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-3/1-3.4/1-3.4.4/1-3.4.4:1.0/ttyUSB0/../../devnum'
77
一般来说,sysfs 包含您想要的所有信息;你只需要弄清楚如何遍历它。