正如 Dave Webb 所提到的，Android Developer Blog has an article 涵盖了这一点。他们首选的解决方案是跟踪应用安装而不是设备，这适用于大多数用例。这篇博文将向您展示完成这项工作所需的代码，我建议您查看一下。
但是，如果您需要设备标识符而不是应用程序安装标识符，该博客文章会继续讨论解决方案。如果您需要这样做，我与 Google 的某个人进行了交谈，以获得对一些项目的额外说明。以下是我在上述博文中未提及的有关设备标识符的发现：
根据 Google 的建议，我实现了一个类，该类将为每个设备生成一个唯一的 UUID，在适当的情况下使用 ANDROID_ID 作为种子，必要时使用 TelephonyManager.getDeviceId()，如果失败，则使用随机生成的唯一 UUID 在应用重新启动（但不是应用重新安装）时保持不变。
请注意，对于必须回退设备 ID 的设备，唯一 ID 将在出厂重置后仍然存在。这是需要注意的。如果您需要确保恢复出厂设置会重置您的唯一 ID，您可能需要考虑直接回退到随机 UUID 而不是设备 ID。
同样，此代码用于设备 ID，而不是应用安装 ID。在大多数情况下，应用程序安装 ID 可能就是您要查找的内容。但如果您确实需要设备 ID，那么下面的代码可能适合您。
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.provider.Settings.Secure;
import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.UUID;
public class DeviceUuidFactory {
protected static final String PREFS_FILE = "device_id.xml";
protected static final String PREFS_DEVICE_ID = "device_id";
protected static UUID uuid;
public DeviceUuidFactory(Context context) {
if( uuid ==null ) {
synchronized (DeviceUuidFactory.class) {
if( uuid == null) {
final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences( PREFS_FILE, 0);
final String id = prefs.getString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, null );
if (id != null) {
// Use the ids previously computed and stored in the prefs file
uuid = UUID.fromString(id);
} else {
final String androidId = Secure.getString(context.getContentResolver(), Secure.ANDROID_ID);
// Use the Android ID unless it's broken, in which case fallback on deviceId,
// unless it's not available, then fallback on a random number which we store
// to a prefs file
try {
if (!"9774d56d682e549c".equals(androidId)) {
uuid = UUID.nameUUIDFromBytes(androidId.getBytes("utf8"));
} else {
final String deviceId = ((TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService( Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE )).getDeviceId();
uuid = deviceId!=null ? UUID.nameUUIDFromBytes(deviceId.getBytes("utf8")) : UUID.randomUUID();
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
// Write the value out to the prefs file
prefs.edit().putString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, uuid.toString() ).commit();
}
}
}
}
}
/**
* Returns a unique UUID for the current android device. As with all UUIDs, this unique ID is "very highly likely"
* to be unique across all Android devices. Much more so than ANDROID_ID is.
*
* The UUID is generated by using ANDROID_ID as the base key if appropriate, falling back on
* TelephonyManager.getDeviceID() if ANDROID_ID is known to be incorrect, and finally falling back
* on a random UUID that's persisted to SharedPreferences if getDeviceID() does not return a
* usable value.
*
* In some rare circumstances, this ID may change. In particular, if the device is factory reset a new device ID
* may be generated. In addition, if a user upgrades their phone from certain buggy implementations of Android 2.2
* to a newer, non-buggy version of Android, the device ID may change. Or, if a user uninstalls your app on
* a device that has neither a proper Android ID nor a Device ID, this ID may change on reinstallation.
*
* Note that if the code falls back on using TelephonyManager.getDeviceId(), the resulting ID will NOT
* change after a factory reset. Something to be aware of.
*
* Works around a bug in Android 2.2 for many devices when using ANDROID_ID directly.
*
* @see http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=10603
*
* @return a UUID that may be used to uniquely identify your device for most purposes.
*/
public UUID getDeviceUuid() {
return uuid;
}
}