无头 Chrome 节点 API 和 Puppeteer 安装

Question

在干净的 ubuntu 18.04 上安装 chrome headless 的整个过程中，我遇到了很多问题。 github 上的设置指南对于干净的 ubuntu 18.04 是不够的

以下是设置 headless chrome 替代 phantomjs 的一些错误和答案/解决方案。

错误 1

(node:23835) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Error: Chromium revision is not downloaded. Run "npm install" or "yarn install"
    at Launcher.launch owlcommand.com /puppeteer/node_modules/puppeteer/lib/Launcher.js:112:15)
    at <anonymous>
(node:23835) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Unhandled promise rejection. This error originated either by throwing inside of an async function without a catch block, or by rejecting a promise which was not handled with .catch(). (rejection id: 1)
(node:23835) [DEP0018] DeprecationWarning: Unhandled promise rejections are deprecated. In the future, promise rejections that are not handled will terminate the Node.js process with a non-zero exit code.

错误 2

(node:25272) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Error: Failed to launch chrome!
owlcommand.com /puppeteer/node_modules/puppeteer/.local-chromium/linux-594312/chrome-linux/chrome: error while loading shared libraries: libX11-xcb.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

Answer 1

基于https://github.com/GoogleChrome/puppeteer

您只需在 Ubuntu 18.04 中运行以下命令

npm i puppeteer

不幸的是，这还不够。

您将需要以下依赖项

sudo apt-get install gconf-service libasound2 libatk1.0-0 libatk-bridge2.0-0 libc6 libcairo2 libcups2 libdbus-1-3 libexpat1 libfontconfig1 libgcc1 libgconf-2-4 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libglib2.0-0 libgtk-3-0 libnspr4 libpango-1.0-0 libpangocairo-1.0-0 libstdc++6 libx11-6 libx11-xcb1 libxcb1 libxcomposite1 libxcursor1 libxdamage1 libxext6 libxfixes3 libxi6 libxrandr2 libxrender1 libxss1 libxtst6 ca-certificates fonts-liberation libappindicator1 libnss3 lsb-release xdg-utils wget

如果你按照他们的例子运行它，你会收到一个错误

    (node:28469) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Error: Failed to launch chrome!
[1025/150325.817887:ERROR:zygote_host_impl_linux.cc(89)] Running as root without --no-sandbox is not supported. See https://crbug.com/638180.

解决办法是

const browser = await puppeteer.launch({args: ['--no-sandbox']});

添加--no-sandbox

它会相应地工作。完整的工作源代码如下

    const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');

(async () => {
  const browser = await puppeteer.launch({args: ['--no-sandbox']});
  const page = await browser.newPage();
  await page.goto('http://owlcommand.com');
  await page.screenshot({path: 'example.png'});

  await browser.close();
})();

puppeteer@1.9.0~install 的解决方法：无法在 wd %s %s (wd=%s) 中运行

npm install --unsafe-perm

屏幕截图尺寸

默认很小，如果你测试的页面是响应式的，你可以用不同的视口设置来测试它。您可以通过 setViewport 方法更改其尺寸。

await page.setViewport({
  width: 1600, 
  height: 1000
});

最新 Puppeteer 更新（2020 年 8 月）

sudo apt-get install libgbm1（必需）

Answer 2

11 月 18 日更新：您不再需要 --no-sandbox 标志，您应该在发送到 .launch() 的对象中使用 headless:false 属性

const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
    headless: false,
    slowMo: 80,
    args: ['--window-size=1920,1080']
    });

还要确保您已安装所有必需的 debian 依赖项：

sudo apt-get install gconf-service libasound2 libatk1.0-0 libc6 libcairo2 libcups2 libdbus-1-3 libexpat1 libfontconfig1 libgcc1 libgconf-2-4 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libglib2.0-0 libgtk-3-0 libnspr4 libpango-1.0-0 libpangocairo-1.0-0 libstdc++6 libx11-6 libx11-xcb1 libxcb1 libxcomposite1 libxcursor1 libxdamage1 libxext6 libxfixes3 libxi6 libxrandr2 libxrender1 libxss1 libxtst6 ca-certificates fonts-liberation libappindicator1 libnss3 lsb-release xdg-utils wget

Answer 3

同时安装 libgbm1

“傀儡师”：“^3.1.0”

完整的cmd是

apt-get update && apt-get install -y gconf-service libasound2 libatk1.0-0 libc6 libcairo2 libcups2 libdbus-1-3 libexpat1 libfontconfig1 libgbm1 libgcc1 libgconf -2-4 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libglib2.0-0 libgtk-3-0 libnspr4 libpango-1.0-0 libpangocairo-1.0-0 libstdc++6 libx11-6 libx11-xcb1 libxcb1 libxcomposite1 libxcursor1 libxdamage1 libxext6 libxfixes3 libxi6 libxrandr2 libxrender1 libxss1 libxtst6 ca-certificates fonts-liberation libappindicator1 libnss3 lsb-release xdg-utils wget

Answer 4

我只有在尝试在 Docker 上运行节点应用程序时才遇到这种问题，因此根据给出的答案，我终于可以使用该 Dockerfile：

FROM node:12
WORKDIR /app
COPY package.json /app/
RUN apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y \
    gconf-service \ 
    libasound2 \ 
    libatk1.0-0 \ 
    libatk-bridge2.0-0 \ 
    libc6 \ 
    libcairo2 \ 
    libcups2 \ 
    libdbus-1-3 \ 
    libexpat1 \ 
    libfontconfig1 \ 
    libgcc1 \ 
    libgconf-2-4 \ 
    libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 \ 
    libglib2.0-0 \ 
    libgtk-3-0 \ 
    libnspr4 \ 
    libpango-1.0-0 \ 
    libpangocairo-1.0-0 \ 
    libstdc++6 \ 
    libx11-6 \ 
    libx11-xcb1 \ 
    libxcb1 \ 
    libxcomposite1 \ 
    libxcursor1 \ 
    libxdamage1 \ 
    libxext6 \ 
    libxfixes3 \ 
    libxi6 \ 
    libxrandr2 \ 
    libxrender1 \ 
    libxss1 \ 
    libxtst6 \ 
    ca-certificates \ 
    fonts-liberation \ 
    libappindicator1 \ 
    libnss3 \ 
    lsb-release \ 
    xdg-utils \ 
    wget \ 
    && npm i puppeteer
COPY . /app
CMD [ "node", "app.js" ]

我也如前所述更改了启动代码，它工作得很好： const browser = await puppeteer.launch({args: ['--no-sandbox']});

Answer 5

我在 Windows 上遇到了同样的问题。我把 asar 设置为 false 并且成功了。

"build": { "asar":false, }

Answer 6

我正在使用 fork of buildkite/puppeteer 并发现使用新的 Chrome (85) 我必须安装 libxss1 而不是 libgbm1（如其他 cmets 中所建议的那样）

所以现在看起来是这样的 (link)：

FROM node:12.18.3-buster-slim@sha256:dd6aa3ed10af4374b88f8a6624aeee7522772bb08e8dd5e917ff729d1d3c3a4f

RUN  apt-get update \
     && apt-get install -y git \
     && apt-get update \
     && apt-get install -y libxss1 wget gnupg ca-certificates \
     && wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | apt-key add - \
     && sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list' \
     && apt-get update \
     # We install Chrome to get all the OS level dependencies, but Chrome itself
     # is not actually used as it's packaged in the node puppeteer library.
     # Alternatively, we could could include the entire dep list ourselves
     # (https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/master/docs/troubleshooting.md#chrome-headless-doesnt-launch-on-unix)
     # but that seems too easy to get out of date.
     && apt-get install -y google-chrome-stable \
     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
     && wget --quiet https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vishnubob/wait-for-it/master/wait-for-it.sh -O /usr/sbin/wait-for-it.sh \
     && chmod +x /usr/sbin/wait-for-it.sh