正如其他人在 C 中指出的那样,不能将字符串用作开关的参数,也不能用作其大小写标签。
要绕过这个限制,可以将每个字符串映射到一个特定的整数并将其传递给开关。
查找映射需要搜索映射,这可以使用标准 C bsearch() 函数来完成。
示例可能如下所示:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <search.h>
enum Operation {
OP_INVALID = -1,
OP_ADD,
OP_SUBTRACT,
OP_MULTIPLY,
OP_DIVIDE,
OP_MAX
};
struct Operation_Descriptor {
char * name;
enum Operation op;
};
struct Operation_Descriptor operations [] = {
{"add", OP_ADD},
{"subtract", OP_SUBTRACT},
{"multiply", OP_MULTIPLY},
{"divide", OP_DIVIDE}
};
int cmp(const void * pv1, const void * pv2)
{
const struct Operation_Descriptor * pop1 = pv1;
const struct Operation_Descriptor * pop2 = pv2;
return strcmp(pop1->name, pop2->name);
}
int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
size_t s = sizeof operations / sizeof *operations;
/* bsearch() requires the array to search to be sorted. */
qsort(operations, s, sizeof *operations, cmp);
{
struct Operation_Descriptor * pop =
bsearch(
&(struct Operation_Descriptor){argv[1], OP_INVALID},
operations, s, sizeof *operations, cmp);
switch(pop ?pop->op :OP_INVALID)
{
case OP_ADD:
/* Code to add goes here, */
break;
case OP_SUBTRACT:
/* Code to subtract goes here, */
break;
case OP_MULTIPLY:
/* Code to multiply goes here, */
break;
case OP_DIVIDE:
/* Code to divide goes here, */
break;
case OP_INVALID:
default:
fprintf(stderr, "unhandled or invalid operation '%s'\n", argv[1]);
break;
}
}
}
如果在 POSIX 上,甚至可以使用哈希表,这是查找映射的最快方法。
示例可能如下所示:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <search.h>
enum Operation {
OP_INVALID = -1,
OP_ADD,
OP_SUBTRACT,
OP_MULTIPLY,
OP_DIVIDE,
OP_MAX
};
struct Operation_Descriptor {
char * name;
enum Operation op;
};
struct Operation_Descriptor operations [] = {
{"add", OP_ADD},
{"subtract", OP_SUBTRACT},
{"multiply", OP_MULTIPLY},
{"divide", OP_DIVIDE}
};
int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
if (0 == hcreate(5))
{
perror("hcreate() failed");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < s; ++i)
{
if (!hsearch((ENTRY){operations[i].name, &operations[i].op}, ENTER))
{
perror("hsearch(ENTER) failed");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
{
ENTRY * ep = hsearch((ENTRY){argv[1], NULL}, FIND);
switch(ep ?*((enum Operation *)ep->data) :OP_INVALID)
{
case OP_ADD:
/* Code to add goes here, */
break;
case OP_SUBTRACT:
/* Code to subtract goes here, */
break;
case OP_MULTIPLY:
/* Code to multiply goes here, */
break;
case OP_DIVIDE:
/* Code to divide goes here, */
break;
case OP_INVALID:
default:
fprintf(stderr, "unhandled or invalid operation '%s'\n", argv[1]);
break;
}
}
hdestroy(); /* Clean up. */
}